home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- News: What it is, how to read it, how to write it
-
- News is a public messaging system known as USENET. In many ways it is similar
- to email, but instead of sending a message to an individual or to a small
- group a news message is broadcast more or less to the entire country or
- planet, depending on its topic.
-
- To control just which portion of this cachaphony you want to hear, news
- articles are classified into groups, each group representing a different
- topic. At present (01feb94) there are 2787 newsgroups. Most people read only
- a few of these.
-
- How do I read news?
-
- There are several different programs for reading news. We will talk about
- trn, one of the better newsreaders. TRN stands for Threaded RN, and RN in
- turn stands for ReadNews. Rn is one of the more popular news readers and
- was upgraded to trn.
-
- Before you start you must first create a .newsrc file. This file is used by
- newsreaders to keep track of which articles you have already read so as not
- to show them to you a second time. To create this file initially you should
- run the command:
-
- % newsetup
-
- Having done this you can then invoke almost any of the newsreaders.
- To invoke trn type:
-
- % trn
-
- This will present you with a prompt like this:
-
- ******** 1 unread article in news.answers--read now? [+ynq]
-
- for each newsgroup in your .newsrc file. Newsgroups are presented to you in
- the order they are found in your .newsrc, so once you've decided what
- interests you it's a good idea to edit the file to move those groups to the
- top.
-
- At this point you can do several things. The likely choices are shown in the
- [] brackets as a reminder, but there are usually more choices than these.
- At _any_ trn prompt pressing:
-
- h shows a help listing of what you can do at this prompt
- space choses the first option within the [] brackets
-
- Let's look at that prompt again:
-
- ******** 1 unread article in news.answers--read now? [+ynq]
-
- There are five common choices here:
-
- + (or space, as remarked above)
- Enter thread selection mode, where you pick which topics
- within the newsgroup you actually want to read. This is
- a win when you're only interested in some of the discussions.
- q Quit trn.
- y Enter the old rn-style article selection mode, where
- each article is presented in turn. This is usually only
- a win for low volume newsgroups.
- n No, skip to next newsgroup.
- U Unsubscribe from this group. It will not be offered to you
- again. Until you have cut your subscription down to something
- managable this will likely be your most used choice.
-
- Let's suppose you have entered the thread selector. News discussions are a
- series of articles from various people, each in reply to an earlier article.
- The chain of articles this produces is known as a thread. The thread selector
- will offer you a display like this:
-
- sci.space 733 articles
-
- a an9124 1 Destiny
- b an47904 1 more space digest problems...
- c Larry Klaes 1 Electronic Journal of the ASA (EJASA) - January 19
- d an47904 1 A moment for rememberance......
- e nemesis <JLF129 3 >DC-X
- Chris W. Johnson
- Bruce Dunn
- f David Charles Bu 9 >Space Pictures
- Adam Bernstein
- Gunnar Wold
- Alvaro M. Echeva
- Hartmut Frommert
- ed beheler
-
- -- Select threads -- Top 2% [>X] --
-
- The top line named the group and how many articles remain unread.
- The following lines list the first few threads with their subjects.
- Each thread has a letter associated with it. To select a thread you just
- type its letter. Having chosen the interesting ones you have a few choices:
-
- q Quit this newsgroup and pick another. This backs you out to
- the earlier prompt, though for the next newsgroup in your
- .newsrc.
- > Move forward to the next screenful of threads if there is
- one, to select more threads.
- < Move back to amend some earlier selections.
- X Discard the unselected threads and start reading the selected
- ones.
-
- If you choose X you will be presented with the articles in the threads, in
- order. Your screen with look something like this:
-
- sci.space #63408 (2 + 0 more) -(1)+-(1)
- Rationale: Hack and Slay!! \-(2)
- Date: Wed Jan 19 10:41:23 EST 1994 (1)
- From: nemesis <JLF129@psuvm.psu.edu> (1)
- Newsgroups: alt.sci.planetary,sci.astro,sci.space [1]--[1]
- [1] DC-X -[1]
- Lines: 26
-
-
- i'm feeling just a bit slow on the uptake. i was researching some
- information on space station freedom, and came across an article in
- ad astra about the dc-x. i hadn't even realized that they were
- contemplating anything like this, and was suprised to hear that they
- just performed the first public test. (ok, maybe *just* performed
- is a bit strong - i think they said the test was done in july :) )
-
- i was really impressed with some of the information i read. they
- actually managed to get the job done in time, under budget and it
- worked!
-
- now that i've finished bouncing up and down about this, i was wondering
- if anyone else knew where i could find more information on it. i'd
- like to hear more about the next couple of stages that are slated for
- --MORE--(70%)
-
- The top left shows the header lines, containing author, date, subject and
- other information. The top right shows the thread display, showing the shape
- of the discussion. The lower portion of the screen is the text of the
- article. The following are common choices here:
-
- q Quit this group and choose another.
- n Go to the next article.
- u Unsubscribe from this newsgroup.
- J Junk this thread and proceed to the next one.
- k Kill this subject and proceed to the next thread.
- K Kill this subject and remember to kill it again
- automatically next time you read news, too.
-
- That's all you need to know to read news with trn. The other features are
- detailed in the manual entry. Trn is not the only news reader. Other news
- readers include:
-
- rn Trn without the threading mode.
- nn A threading newsreader, supposed to be quite flash. Not installed.
- tin A threading newsreader, also supposed to be quite flash. Not installed.
- vn A workable newsreader but the startup time is obscene. It scans
- every subscribed group before offering you news. The best method
- is to start it in another window and do other work while it thinks.
- It doesn't understand threads.
- gnews Matthew Wiener's precognitive news reader. Not installed.
- gnus Emacs-based news reader.
-
- How do I write news?
-
- Of course, while there's a lot of interesting stuff out there, it's both fun
- and useful to add to the torrent yourself. _Before_ you do so, remember that
- the network population is numbered in the millions and that your article may
- appear to many thousands of these. If you do something stupid, you will get
- flamed. If you say something stupid, you will be mocked.
-
- Some guidelines:
-
- The net is a co-operative anarchy. Courtesy is all that keeps it usable.
- Courtesy comes in many forms, from being polite in wording your
- articles (usually a good idea) to being careful in deciding which group
- to post to and, indeed, whether to post at all.
-
- Be familiar with a group before posting to it. Read it for at least a
- week to get a feel for its intended subject matter and style.
-
- Compose your article in an editor. Run a spell checker over it. Proofread
- your article.
-
- Read the files in /usr/local/doc/usenet/misc, especially "Netiquette",
- a good list of what _not_ to do, and "Rules-For-Posting".
-
- Read the newsgroup news.answers. Much useful information is posted here.
-
- If your posting is a query, make some attempt to find the information
- locally before you resort to posting news.
-
- Ok, so you want to post news. There are two basic methods of posting:
-
- - Posting a followup. This means writing an article in response to another
- article, continuing a discussion. From within trn the `F' key will do
- this. There will be equivalent methods in the other newsreaders. Try to
- read the entire thread before posting a followup, it's likely that
- someone else had a similar thought and beat you to it.
-
- - Posting a new article, starting a news discussion. This is done with
- the Pnews command:
- % Pnews
- Remember to think carefully about which newsgroup should get the
- article. Some more guidelines:
-
- - don't post "where can I find this program?" requests to
- the sources news groups (comp.sources.misc, etc). There are
- ancillary groups for requests like this (comp.sources.wanted, etc).
-
- - don't post to a world-wide group when a local (Australia wide)
- group will do. For example, try aus.ads.wanted rather than
- misc.wanted.
-
- - if your request is more regional than the the group, try to
- restrict its distribution with the Distribution: header
- (such as "Distribution: syd" for just Sydney).
-
- - again, if your request is more regional than the the group,
- make this clear in the subject line. For example, a for-sale
- notice should go in aus.ads.forsale, but people in Perth won't
- be that interested in an alarm clock for sale in Sydney. Mark
- the subject line like this:
- Subject: [Sydney] alarm clock for sale
- to save them the effort.
-