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mpartition.c
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1997-11-12
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/*
* mformat.c
*/
#include "sysincludes.h"
#include "msdos.h"
#include "mtools.h"
#include "mainloop.h"
#include "fsP.h"
#include "file.h"
#include "plain_io.h"
#include "nameclash.h"
#include "buffer.h"
#include "scsi.h"
#include "partition.h"
#include <math.h>
#define tolinear(x) \
(sector(x)-1+(head(x)+cyl(x)*used_dev.heads)*used_dev.sectors)
static inline void print_hsc(hsc *h)
{
printf(" h=%d s=%d c=%d\n",
head(*h), sector(*h), cyl(*h));
}
static void set_offset(hsc *h, int offset, int heads, int sectors)
{
int head, sector, cyl;
if(! heads || !sectors)
head = sector = cyl = 0; /* linear mode */
else {
sector = offset % sectors;
offset = offset / sectors;
head = offset % heads;
cyl = offset / heads;
}
h->head = head;
h->sector = ((sector+1) & 0x3f) | ((cyl & 0x300)>>2);
h->cyl = cyl & 0xff;
}
/* setsize function. Determines scsicam mapping if this cannot be inferred from
* any existing partitions. Shamelessly snarfed from the Linux kernel ;-) */
/*
* Function : static int setsize(unsigned long capacity,unsigned int *cyls,
* unsigned int *hds, unsigned int *secs);
*
* Purpose : to determine a near-optimal int 0x13 mapping for a
* SCSI disk in terms of lost space of size capacity, storing
* the results in *cyls, *hds, and *secs.
*
* Returns : -1 on failure, 0 on success.
*
* Extracted from
*
* WORKING X3T9.2
* DRAFT 792D
*
*
* Revision 6
* 10-MAR-94
* Information technology -
* SCSI-2 Common access method
* transport and SCSI interface module
*
* ANNEX A :
*
* setsize() converts a read capacity value to int 13h
* head-cylinder-sector requirements. It minimizes the value for
* number of heads and maximizes the number of cylinders. This
* will support rather large disks before the number of heads
* will not fit in 4 bits (or 6 bits). This algorithm also
* minimizes the number of sectors that will be unused at the end
* of the disk while allowing for very large disks to be
* accommodated. This algorithm does not use physical geometry.
*/
static int setsize(unsigned long capacity,unsigned int *cyls,unsigned int *hds,
unsigned int *secs) {
unsigned int rv = 0;
unsigned long heads, sectors, cylinders, temp;
cylinders = 1024L; /* Set number of cylinders to max */
sectors = 62L; /* Maximize sectors per track */
temp = cylinders * sectors; /* Compute divisor for heads */
heads = capacity / temp; /* Compute value for number of heads */
if (capacity % temp) { /* If no remainder, done! */
heads++; /* Else, increment number of heads */
temp = cylinders * heads; /* Compute divisor for sectors */
sectors = capacity / temp; /* Compute value for sectors per
track */
if (capacity % temp) { /* If no remainder, done! */
sectors++; /* Else, increment number of sectors */
temp = heads * sectors; /* Compute divisor for cylinders */
cylinders = capacity / temp;/* Compute number of cylinders */
}
}
if (cylinders == 0) rv=(unsigned)-1;/* Give error if 0 cylinders */
*cyls = (unsigned int) cylinders; /* Stuff return values */
*secs = (unsigned int) sectors;
*hds = (unsigned int) heads;
return(rv);
}
static void setsize0(unsigned long capacity,unsigned int *cyls,
unsigned int *hds, unsigned int *secs)
{
int r;
/* 1. First try "Megabyte" sizes */
if(capacity < 1024 * 2048 && !(capacity % 1024)) {
*cyls = capacity >> 11;
*hds = 64;
*secs = 32;
return;
}
/* then try scsicam's size */
r = setsize(capacity,cyls,hds,secs);
if(r || *hds > 255 || *secs > 63) {
/* scsicam failed. Do megabytes anyways */
*cyls = capacity >> 11;
*hds = 64;
*secs = 32;
return;
}
}
static void usage(void)
{
fprintf(stderr,
"Mtools version %s, dated %s\n", mversion, mdate);
fprintf(stderr,
"Usage: %s [-prIadcv] [-s sectors] [-t cylinders] "
"[-h heads] [-T type] [-b begin] [-l length] "
"drive\n", progname);
exit(1);
}
void mpartition(int argc, char **argv, int dummy)
{
Stream_t *Stream;
unsigned int dummy2;
int i,j;
int sec_per_cyl;
int doprint = 0;
int verbose = 0;
int create = 0;
int force = 0;
int length = 0;
int remove = 0;
int initialize = 0;
int tot_sectors=0;
int type = 0;
int begin_set = 0;
int size_set = 0;
int end_set = 0;
int last_end = 0;
int activate = 0;
int has_activated = 0;
int inconsistency=0;
int begin=0;
int end=0;
int sizetest=0;
int dirty = 0;
int open2flags = NO_OFFSET;
int c;
struct device used_dev;
int argtracks, argheads, argsectors;
char drive, name[EXPAND_BUF];
unsigned char buf[512];
struct partition *partTable=(struct partition *)(buf+ 0x1ae);
struct device *dev;
char errmsg[200];
argtracks = 0;
argheads = 0;
argsectors = 0;
/* get command line options */
while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "adprcIT:t:h:s:fvpb:l:S:")) != EOF) {
switch (c) {
case 'a':
/* no privs, as it could be abused to
* make other partitions unbootable, or
* to boot a rogue kernel from this one */
open2flags |= NO_PRIV;
activate = 1;
dirty = 1;
break;
case 'd':
activate = -1;
dirty = 1;
break;
case 'p':
doprint = 1;
break;
case 'r':
remove = 1;
dirty = 1;
break;
case 'I':
/* could be abused to nuke all other
* partitions */
open2flags |= NO_PRIV;
initialize = 1;
dirty = 1;
break;
case 'c':
create = 1;
dirty = 1;
break;
case 'T':
/* could be abused to "manually" create
* extended partitions */
open2flags |= NO_PRIV;
type = strtoul(optarg,0,0);
break;
case 't':
argtracks = atoi(optarg);
break;
case 'h':
argheads = atoi(optarg);
break;
case 's':
argsectors = atoi(optarg);
break;
case 'f':
/* could be abused by creating overlapping
* partitions and other such Snafu */
open2flags |= NO_PRIV;
force = 1;
break;
case 'v':
verbose++;
break;
case 'S':
/* testing only */
/* could be abused to create partitions
* extending beyond the actual size of the
* device */
open2flags |= NO_PRIV;
tot_sectors = strtoul(optarg,0,0);
sizetest = 1;
break;
case 'b':
begin_set = 1;
begin = atoi(optarg);
break;
case 'l':
size_set = 1;
length = atoi(optarg);
break;
default:
usage();
}
}
if (argc - optind != 1 ||
!argv[optind][0] || argv[optind][1] != ':')
usage();
drive = toupper(argv[optind][0]);
/* check out a drive whose letter and parameters match */
sprintf(errmsg, "Drive '%c:' not supported", drive);
for(dev=devices;dev->drive;dev++) {
FREE(&(Stream));
/* drive letter */
if (dev->drive != drive)
continue;
if (dev->partition < 1 || dev->partition > 4) {
sprintf(errmsg,
"Drive '%c:' is not a partition",
drive);
continue;
}
used_dev = *dev;
SET_INT(used_dev.tracks, argtracks);
SET_INT(used_dev.heads, argheads);
SET_INT(used_dev.sectors, argsectors);
expand(dev->name, name);
Stream = SimpleFileOpen(&used_dev, dev, name,
dirty ? O_RDWR : O_RDONLY,
errmsg, open2flags);
if (!Stream) {
sprintf(errmsg,"init: open: %s", strerror(errno));
continue;
}
/* try to find out the size */
if(!sizetest)
tot_sectors = 0;
if(dev->scsi) {
unsigned char cmd[10];
unsigned char data[10];
cmd[0] = SCSI_READ_CAPACITY;
memset ((void *) &cmd[2], 0, 8);
memset ((void *) &data[0], 137, 10);
scsi_cmd(get_fd(Stream), cmd, 10, SCSI_IO_READ,
data, 10);
tot_sectors = 1 +
(data[0] << 24) +
(data[1] << 16) +
(data[2] << 8) +
(data[3] );
if(verbose)
printf("%d sectors in total\n", tot_sectors);
}
/* read the partition table */
if (READS(Stream, (char *) buf, 0, 512) != 512) {
sprintf(errmsg,
"Error reading from '%s', wrong parameters?",
name);
continue;
}
if(verbose>=2)
print_sector("Read sector", buf);
break;
}
/* print error msg if needed */
if ( dev->drive == 0 ){
FREE(&Stream);
fprintf(stderr,"%s: %s\n", argv[0],errmsg);
exit(1);
}
if((used_dev.sectors || used_dev.heads) &&
(!used_dev.sectors || !used_dev.heads)) {
fprintf(stderr,"You should either indicate both the number of sectors and the number of heads,\n");
fprintf(stderr," or none of them\n");
exit(1);
}
if(initialize) {
memset((char *)(partTable+1), 0, 4*sizeof(*partTable));
buf[510] = 0x55;
buf[511] = 0xaa;
}
/* check for boot signature, and place it if needed */
if((buf[510] != 0x55) || (buf[511] != 0xaa)) {
fprintf(stderr,"Boot signature not set\n");
fprintf(stderr,
"Use the -I flag to initialize the partition table, and set the boot signature\n");
inconsistency = 1;
}
if(remove){
if(!partTable[dev->partition].sys_ind)
fprintf(stderr,
"Partition for drive %c: does not exist\n",
drive);
if((partTable[dev->partition].sys_ind & 0x3f) == 5) {
fprintf(stderr,
"Partition for drive %c: may be an extended partition\n",
drive);
fprintf(stderr,
"Use the -f flag to remove it anyways\n");
inconsistency = 1;
}
memset(&partTable[dev->partition], 0, sizeof(*partTable));
}
if(create && partTable[dev->partition].sys_ind) {
fprintf(stderr,
"Partition for drive %c: already exists\n", drive);
fprintf(stderr,
"Use the -r flag to remove it before attempting to recreate it\n");
}
/* find out number of heads and sectors, and whether there is
* any activated partition */
has_activated = 0;
for(i=1; i<5; i++){
if(!partTable[i].sys_ind)
continue;
if(partTable[i].boot_ind)
has_activated++;
/* set geometry from entry */
if (!used_dev.heads)
used_dev.heads = head(partTable[i].end)+1;
if(!used_dev.sectors)
used_dev.sectors = sector(partTable[i].end);
if(i<dev->partition && !begin_set)
begin = END(partTable[i]);
if(i>dev->partition && !end_set && !size_set) {
end = BEGIN(partTable[i]);
end_set = 1;
}
}
if(!used_dev.sectors && !used_dev.heads) {
if(tot_sectors)
setsize0(tot_sectors,&dummy2,&used_dev.heads,
&used_dev.sectors);
else {
used_dev.heads = 64;
used_dev.heads = 32;
}
}
if(verbose)
fprintf(stderr,"sectors: %d heads: %d\n",
used_dev.sectors, used_dev.heads);
sec_per_cyl = used_dev.sectors * used_dev.heads;
if(create) {
if(!end_set && tot_sectors) {
end = tot_sectors - tot_sectors % sec_per_cyl;
end_set = 1;
}
/* if the partition starts right at the beginning of
* the disk, keep one track unused to allow place for
* the master boot record */
if(!begin && !begin_set)
begin = used_dev.sectors;
if(!size_set && used_dev.tracks) {
size_set = 2;
length = sec_per_cyl * used_dev.tracks;
/* round the size in order to take
* into account any "hidden" sectors */
/* do we anchor this at the beginning ?*/
if(begin_set || dev->partition <= 2 || !end_set)
length -= begin % sec_per_cyl;
else if(end - length < begin)
/* truncate any overlap */
length = end - begin;
}
if(size_set) {
if(!begin_set && dev->partition >2 && end_set)
begin = end - length;
else
end = begin + length;
} else if(!end_set) {
fprintf(stderr,"Unknown size\n");
exit(1);
}
set_offset(&partTable[dev->partition].start, begin,
used_dev.heads, used_dev.sectors);
set_offset(&partTable[dev->partition].end, end-1,
used_dev.heads, used_dev.sectors);
set_dword(partTable[dev->partition].start_sect, begin);
set_dword(partTable[dev->partition].nr_sects, end-begin);
if(has_activated)
partTable[dev->partition].boot_ind = 0;
else
partTable[dev->partition].boot_ind = 0x80;
if(!type) {
if(end-begin < 4096)
type = 1; /* DOS 12-bit FAT */
else if(end-begin<32*2048)
type = 4; /* DOS 16-bit FAT, <32M */
else
type = 6; /* DOS 16-bit FAT >= 32M */
}
partTable[dev->partition].sys_ind = type;
}
j = 0;
last_end = 1;
if(activate) {
if(!partTable[dev->partition].sys_ind) {
fprintf(stderr,
"Partition for drive %c: does not exist\n",
drive);
} else {
switch(activate) {
case 1:
partTable[dev->partition].boot_ind=0x80;
break;
case -1:
partTable[dev->partition].boot_ind=0x00;
break;
}
}
}
/* quick consistency check */
has_activated = 0;
for(i=1; i<5; i++){
if(!partTable[i].sys_ind)
continue;
if(partTable[i].boot_ind)
has_activated++;
if(used_dev.heads != head(partTable[i].end)+1 ||
used_dev.sectors != sector(partTable[i].end) ||
sector(partTable[i].start) != 1){
fprintf(stderr,
"Partition %d is not aligned\n",
i);
inconsistency=1;
}
if(j && last_end > BEGIN(partTable[i])) {
fprintf(stderr,
"Partitions %d and %d badly ordered or overlapping\n",
j,i);
inconsistency=1;
}
last_end = END(partTable[i]);
j = i;
if(tolinear(partTable[i].start) != BEGIN(partTable[i])) {
fprintf(stderr,
"Start position mismatch for partition %d\n",
i);
inconsistency=1;
}
if(tolinear(partTable[i].end)+1 != END(partTable[i])) {
fprintf(stderr,
"End position mismatch for partition %d\n",
i);
inconsistency=1;
}
if(doprint && verbose) {
if(i==dev->partition)
putchar('*');
else
putchar(' ');
printf("Partition %d\n",i);
printf(" active=%x\n", partTable[i].boot_ind);
printf(" start:");
print_hsc(&partTable[i].start);
printf(" type=0x%x\n", partTable[i].sys_ind);
printf(" end:");
print_hsc(&partTable[i].end);
printf(" start=%d\n", BEGIN(partTable[i]));
printf(" nr=%d\n", _DWORD(partTable[i].nr_sects));
printf("\n");
}
}
if(doprint && !inconsistency && partTable[dev->partition].sys_ind) {
printf("The following command will recreate the partition for drive %c:\n",
drive);
used_dev.tracks =
(_DWORD(partTable[dev->partition].nr_sects) +
(BEGIN(partTable[dev->partition]) % sec_per_cyl)) /
sec_per_cyl;
printf("mpartition -c -t %d -h %d -s %d -b %u %c:\n",
used_dev.tracks, used_dev.heads, used_dev.sectors,
BEGIN(partTable[dev->partition]), drive);
}
if(tot_sectors && last_end >tot_sectors) {
fprintf(stderr,
"Partition %d exceeds beyond end of disk\n",
j);
exit(1);
}
switch(has_activated) {
case 0:
fprintf(stderr,
"Warning: no active (bootable) partition present\n");
break;
case 1:
break;
default:
fprintf(stderr,
"Warning: %d active (bootable) partitions present\n",
has_activated);
fprintf(stderr,
"Usually, a disk should have exactly one active partition\n");
break;
}
if(inconsistency && !force) {
fprintf(stderr,
"inconsistency detected!\n" );
if(dirty)
fprintf(stderr,
"Retry with the -f switch to go ahead anyways\n");
exit(1);
}
if(dirty) {
/* write data back to the disk */
if(verbose>=2)
print_sector("Writing sector", buf);
if (WRITES(Stream, (char *) buf, 0, 512) != 512) {
fprintf(stderr,"Error writing partition table");
exit(1);
}
if(verbose>=3)
print_sector("Sector written", buf);
FREE(&Stream);
}
exit(0);
}