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- From: Taner Edis <edis@ETA.PHA.JHU.EDU>
- Subject: Re: FTE and Michael Ruse
- Message-ID: <9304080020.AA05517@lll-winken.llnl.gov>
- Date: Wed, 7 Apr 1993 18:46:16 EDT
-
- Conceptual confusion as to the meaning of technical terms is
- rampant in physics, and causes no end of problems. Perhaps something
- of the same is true of philosophy as well; at least what I see of it
- would suggest that this is indeed the case. The term "metaphysics,"
- as Ruse and the FTE use it, seems to illustrate the point.
- Some philosophers speak of "ontological commitments" of a
- theory, mentioning that no theory can ever be free of metaphysics. In
- a sense this is correct, every theory refers to catalog of objects, as
- it were. These objects are taken to *exist*, as with animals and
- ancestral relationships with a bush-topology in evolutionary theory,
- or animals and a actively interfering creative agency in creationism.
- However, this usage of ontology or metaphysics is impossibly broad,
- and fails to recognize the content in an objection to a theory that
- points out a reliance on metaphysical preconceptions.
- I am inclined to see this content as relating to the reasons
- for acceptance or rejection of a theory, *not* in the sense that
- theories in general are separable into more or less metaphysical
- classes. (The "supernatural" remains a meaningful term in this
- context, but as I've proposed before, I see this as understandable in
- a historical context, not an independent logical one.) In other
- words, the relevant issue is whether acts of faith that distort the
- inferential process is necessary to assign a high probability to
- evolutionary or creationist theories, not a non-issue of what
- metaphysics is contained in the structure of the theory itself.
- Ruse, in his statement about "a priori assumptions" suggests
- that evolutionary theory involves untestable propositions. Provided
- that we do not have a case of abysmally bad selection of words here,
- this is a serious accusation. It would seem to imply that there are
- aspects of the theory that have to be taken on faith, beyond the
- trivial sense of metaphysics described above; and that are derived
- from the logical aspects of the theory, not mere practical
- difficulties. It suggests that there are important statements of the
- theory that are not even approachable empirically. I see no reason to
- agree with such a position.
- If such an argument is to succeed, it must rest on history:
- demonstrating that acceptance of evolution is explainable primarily on
- grounds extraneous to evidence, such as the very real cultural factor
- of eroding traditional religious beliefs among segments of society.
- This is not my reading of events.
- I have also remarked some time ago that I am no great fan of
- the Ruse brand of philosophy of science, with its reliance on the
- centrality of vague "natural law" concepts. It is, in effect, staking
- out an article of faith in Laws, not seeing them as products of an
- inferential process. Perhaps, from this point of view, it is natural
- enough to see any degree confidence in evolution as involving an
- irreducible component of faith. In this case, I'm curious as to why
- Ruse has made a name for himself as a defender of evolution; with
- friends like this, who needs the ICR?
- Regarding Ruse (see his piece in "Science and Creationism,"
- ed. A. Montagu, 1984), I see as problematic any attempt to rule
- creationism unscientific purely on logical grounds, be it
- unfalsifiability, nonreliance on lawfulness, whatever. Simply put,
- forms of creationism can be presented that are perfectly all right as
- scientific explanation proposals. "Pseudoscience" must be thought of
- a description of an institutional process that distorts inference,
- *not* as a property of an isolated theory. Demarcation criteria
- cannot be applied to bare theories, also a problem of Popperian
- philosophies of science.
-
- Taner Edis
-
- "There should be no room for question, no possibility of
- doubt, no opportunity for debate, no rationale whatsoever for
- the existence of the Institute for Creation Research"
-
- Duane T. Gish
- (deliberately quoted out of context by
- P. Kitcher in "Abusing Science," 1982)
-
-
-