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- $Unique_ID{BRK04328}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Werner Syndrome}
- $Subject{Werner Syndrome Progeria of Adulthood progeria Werner's mesomelic
- dwarfism }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 135:
- Werner Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Werner Syndrome) is
- not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Progeria of Adulthood
-
- Please note: Werner syndrome also refers to a form of dwarfism that is
- unrelated to progeria. It is known as Werner's mesomelic dwarfism.
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section.
-
-
- Werner syndrome is a rare form of premature ageing which begins in early
- adulthood. It affects both males and females.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Werner syndrome progresses steadily. Affected individuals appear normal
- until adolescence, when developmental retardation begins. Stature remains
- short, and sexual organs fail to complete normal enlargement and development.
- Secondary sex characteristics such as pubic, axillary, and facial hair are
- absent or regress.
-
- Other abnormalities of Werner syndrome also appear during adolescence or
- young adulthood. The limbs are thin and weak, with small hands and feet, and
- short, deformed fingers. Typical facial characteristics include a beaked
- nose, prominent eyes, thinned eyebrows and lashes, grey hair, and,
- eventually, baldness. The torso tends to be stocky, but elsewhere, muscular
- mass and subcutaneous fat are lost, allowing the skeleton to become
- prominent.
-
- The skin becomes shiny and taut, with sclerodermatoid changes; these
- consist of a chronic hardening and shrinking of the connective tissues, so
- that the skin becomes hard, thickened, and rigid. Sometimes the disorder
- resembles scleroderma, but it can be differentiated by the fact that mainly
- males are affected, its early onset and clinical course (premature ageing
- changes).
-
- Other features include arteriosclerosis, the frequent development of
- cataracts before the age of forty years, a susceptibility to ulcerations on
- the legs, and diabetes mellitus. Soft tissues atrophy, while the bones
- become thin, fragile, and often painful and deformed due to osteoporosis, or
- demineralization. There may be osteoarthritis. Calcification occurs in the
- extremities and the heart, particularly the valves and coronary arteries.
- Other potentially fatal complications include cerebral stroke and cancers.
-
- Werner syndrome can occur in partial forms, exhibiting only a few of the
- symptoms described, and having a milder, slower course.
-
- Causes
-
- Werner syndrome appears to be hereditary, with an autosomal recessive mode of
- transmission. (Human traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the
- product of the interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from
- the father and one from the mother. In recessive disorders, the condition
- does not appear unless a person inherits the same defective gene from each
- parent. If one receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the
- person will be a carrier for the disease, but usually will show no symptoms.
- The risk of transmitting the disease to the children of a couple, both of
- whom are carriers for a recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty
- percent of their children will be carriers, but healthy as described above.
- Twenty-five percent of their children will receive both normal genes, one
- from each parent and will be genetically normal.) Another theory is that
- spontaneous loss, or deletion, of chromosomal (chromosomal instability) is
- responsible for the premature aging that occurs in Werner Syndrome.
-
- The biochemical defect(s) responsible for Werner syndrome are not known.
- Faulty metabolism of steroids, such as certain hormones, bile acids, and
- cholesterol may be involved.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Males and females over the age of about fourteen years are affected with
- Werner's syndrome.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome is a similar syndrome with onset in early
- childhood. In Gottron syndrome, only the extremities are affected. (For
- more information on Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome and Gottron syndrome, choose
- "hutchinson" and "gottron" as your search terms in the Rare Disease
- Database.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Available treatments for Werner syndrome are supportive and symptomatic.
- They include surgery for cataracts, skin grafting for ulcerations, etc.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- January 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Werner Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- The Progeria International Registry (PIR)
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities
- 1050 Forest Hill Road
- Staten Island, NY 10304
- (718) 494-0600
-
- Progeria Foundation
- 3 Styvesant Oval, 9A
- New York, NY 10009
-
- The National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Information
- Clearinghouse
- Box AMS
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 495-4484
-
- References
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 18th ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Eds.: W. B. Saunders Co., 1988. P. 1202.
-
- Dr. Raymond Monnat and Dr. George M. Martin, Department of Pathology,
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
-
-