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- $Unique_ID{BRK04139}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Progressive Supranuclear Palsy}
- $Subject{Progressive Supranuclear Palsy PSP Steele-Richardson-Olszewski
- syndrome Nuchal Dystonia Dementia syndrome}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1987, 1988, 1990, 1992 National Organization for Rare
- Disorders, Inc.
-
- 287:
- Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Progressive Supranuclear
- Palsy) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to
- find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- PSP
- Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome
- Nuchal Dystonia Dementia syndrome
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is a neurologic disorder associated
- with spastic weakness of muscles affected by the cranial nerves; i.e.,
- muscles of the face, throat and tongue. Onset of this disorder occurs
- usually during middle age.
-
- Symptoms
-
- The first noticeable symptom of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is
- usually loss of balance while walking. Patients may have unexplained falls
- or a stiff awkwardness in the walk. Other symptoms may resemble Parkinson's
- disease. (For more information on Parkinson's Disease, please choose
- "Parkinson" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.) Other common
- early symptoms include forgetfulness and personality changes such as loss of
- interest in formerly pleasurable activities or increased irritability. Less
- common symptoms are vision disturbances, slurred speech and mild shaking in
- the hands. New symptoms can develop during the course of PSP, and
- previously mild problems tend to become more severe with time.
-
- Blurred vision usually develops three to five years after the walking
- problems, and is characterized as an inability to aim the eyes properly or to
- move them up or down. This is caused by a weakness or paralysis (palsy) of
- the muscles that move the eyeballs. Eventually, reading, driving, or even
- maintaining eye contact becomes difficult because the eyes may not aim or
- focus properly. Additionally, abnormal eyelid control can develop. Eyes may
- close involuntarily (blepharospasm) for seconds or minutes. Some patients
- may not be able to open their eyes at times, and others may have trouble
- closing their eyes or may blink much less than normal. This can cause the
- eyes to become dry and red.
-
- Movements of the mouth, tongue and throat are also affected in PSP.
- Speech usually becomes slurred three or four years after symptoms first
- begin. Similarly, swallowing some foods can become difficult because of
- throat muscle weakness. This tends to occur after the walking, vision, and
- speech problems appear. Slight forgetfulness, personality changes and poor
- eye contact during conversations can give an incorrect impression of
- senility. Although mental confusion in patients with PSP is mostly only an
- impression, a mild or moderate degree of mental impairment eventually occurs
- which may be misdiagnosed as Alzheimer's Disease (AD). (For more information
- on Alzheimer's Disease, please choose "Alzheimer" as your search term in the
- Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Causes
-
- The cause of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy is unknown. It is possibly a
- long-term degenerative process caused by an unknown slow virus. Slow viruses
- tend to stay dormant in humans for extended periods of time, then for reasons
- yet unknown, become activated. Some scientists believe that viruses are not
- involved , and that exposure to some unknown chemical may cause PSP by slowly
- damaging certain areas of the brain. The poor control of vertical gaze and
- oral-pharyngeal movement is indicative of damage to corticobulbar regulatory
- pathways of the brain.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Progressive Supranuclear Palsy affects approximately 20,000 people in the
- United States. It usually begins during middle age and predominantly affects
- males.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Lacunar State is a similar neurologic disorder which is differentiated from
- Progressive Supranuclear Palsy by the history of a step-wise progression of
- symptoms that seems characteristic of strokes.
-
- Pseudobulbar Palsy is a disorder characterized by an inability to control
- movements such as chewing, swallowing and talking. The term "bulbar palsy"
- means a paralysis of the part of the brain (the bulb) which controls these
- movements. Pseudobulbar Palsy is usually the result of multiple strokes.
- The patient often smiles, laughs or cries uncontrollably, but his ability to
- move his eyes is normal.
-
- Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive neurologic disorder
- characterized by tremor, muscular rigidity, slowness in initiating movements
- and difficulty in maintaining balance. (For more information on this
- disorder, choose "Parkinson" as your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy is symptomatic and supportive.
- Tricyclic antidepressant drugs such as amitriptyline (Elavil) and imipramine
- (Tofranil) help relieve some of the symptoms of PSP. Some other drugs that
- can improve the muscle rigidity and slow voluntary movements (extrapyramidal
- symptoms) temporarily when used in the early stages of the disorder, are the
- drugs bromocriptine (Parlodel), carbidopalevodopa (Sinemet), amantadine
- hydrochloride (Symmetrel), trihexyphenidyl (Artane) and benztropine
- (Cogentin). The dopamine agonist and ergot alkaloid levodopa may improve
- symptoms in some patients; others may show temporary improvement with
- pergolide (Permax). The use of these drugs should be monitored carefully by
- a neurologist experienced in their use.
-
- Walking aids such as a walker weighted in front, and wearing shoes with
- built-up heels may help in preventing patients from falling backwards.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) is
- seeking certain individuals affected by Progressive Supranuclear Palsy for
- participation in a clinical research study. For complete information, those
- interested should have their physicians contact:
-
- Dr. Irene Litvan
- NINCDS Experimental Therapeutics Branch
- Bldg. 10, Room 5C106
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-7993
-
- Idazoxan, a British drug developed as an antidepressant, is now being
- studied as a treatment for PSP. Dr. John H. Growdon of Harvard Medical
- School is investigating its benefits in treating PSP patients. The drug was
- not effective as an antidepressant and is no longer being manufactured in
- Britain. It has shown promising results in Dr. Growdon's study.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- April 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Society for Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (SPSP)
- 2904-B Marnat Rd.
- Baltimore, MD 21209
- (301) 484-8771
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- International Tremor Foundation
- 360 West Superior Street
- Chicago, IL 60610
- (312) 664-2344
-
- PSP Research Fund
- Dept. of Neurology
- UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
- CN19
- New Brunswick, NJ 08903
-
- References
-
- PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY: HL Klawans; United Parkinson Foundation,
- 1981.
-
-