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- $Unique_ID{BRK04039}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Nelson Syndrome}
- $Subject{Nelson Syndrome Pituitary Tumor after Adrenalectomy }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 484:
- Nelson Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Nelson Syndrome) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next page
- to find alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Pituitary Tumor after Adrenalectomy
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Nelson Syndrome is a disorder characterized by abnormal hormone secretion
- and enlargement of the pituitary gland (hypophysis). It occurs in 5 to 10
- percent of patients following surgical removal of the adrenal glands for
- Cushing Disease (for more information on this disorder, choose "Cushing" as
- your search term in the Rare Disease Database). Symptoms include intense
- skin discoloration (hyperpigmentation), headaches, visual field disturbances
- and the cessation of menstrual periods in women.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Symptoms of Nelson Syndrome include intense skin pigmentation, headaches,
- visual field disturbances and the cessation of menstrual periods in females.
- Blood levels of the pituitary hormones adrenocorticotrope hormone (ACTH) and
- beta-melanocyte stimulating hormone (beta-MSH) are abnormally high. The
- pituitary gland gets abnormally large in Nelson Syndrome, causing headaches
- and visceral symptoms.
-
- Causes
-
- Nelson Syndrome can be caused by surgical removal of the adrenal glands on
- both sides of the body. Removal of the adrenal glands is a treatment for
- Cushing Syndrome. Following removal of these glands 5 to 10% of cases will
- develop Nelson Syndrome. Growth of a pre-existing or a concealed (occult)
- tumor of the pituitary gland may also cause this disorder.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Nelson Syndrome affects approximately 5 to 10% of people who have undergone
- surgical removal of their adrenal glands. It affects males and females in
- equal numbers. Cases caused by tumors are very rare.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment for Nelson Syndrome consists of radiation to limit abnormal growth
- of the pituitary gland. If the pituitary gland increases so much in size
- that it encroaches on surrounding brain structures, it may be surgically
- removed.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Microsurgical removal of Nelson Syndrome's ACTH adenomas through the bone at
- the base of the skull (transsphenoidal) is an experimental treatment for
- Nelson Syndrome. More research is needed before this procedure will be
- deemed acceptable for general use.
-
- In another study it was found that treatment with the drugs bromocriptine
- (a dopamine agonist) and cyproheptadine (a serotonin antagonist) caused a
- marked drop in plasma ACTH levels stimulated by corticotropin-releasing
- factor (CRF). However, after a longer period of treatment with
- cyproheptadine, plasma ACTH levels rose again. Thus the usefulness of the
- drug appears limited. More research is necessary to determine the safety and
- effectiveness of these drugs for Nelson Syndrome.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- June 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Nelson Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- References
-
- TRANS-SPHENOIDAL MICROSURGICAL TREATMENT OF NELSON'S SYNDROME: T.
- Fukushima; Neurosurg Rev (1985: issue 8(3-4)). Pp. 185-194.
-
- EFFECTS OF BROMOCRIPTINE AND CYPROHEPTADINE ON BASAL AND CORTICOTROPIN-
- RELEASING FACTOR (CRF)-INDUCED ACTH RELEASE IN A PATIENT WITH NELSON'S
- SYNDROME: Y. Hirata, et al.; Endocrinol Jpn (October 1984: issue 31(5)).
- Pp. 619-626.
-
-