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SPC PROFESSIONAL
Statistical Process Control Software
Version 1.1
Quality Concepts
P.O. Box 88106
Sioux Falls, SD 57105
(C) Copyright 1986 by Quality Concepts, All rights reserved.
i
SPC Professional is the copyrighted property of Quality Concepts.
You may use, copy and distribute this program under the following
conditions:
1. No fee may be charged for copies and distribution of SPC
Professional.
2. SPC Professional may only be distributed in its original un-
modified form.
3. Printed material may not be copied or reproduced in any form.
You may not use this product without paying a registration fee of
$89. A program disk with the latest update, printed manual and
an extensive tutorial will provided upon receipt of the registra-
tion fee. Site licenses, commercial distribution licenses, and
discounts for educational institutions are also available. See
the order form in the back of this manual for more details.
User Supported Software
SPC Professional is user supported software (also known as
Shareware). The disk may be freely copied and shared. This ap-
proach to marketing allows us to provide you with a quality
product at low cost. You are given the opportunity to test the
program thoroughly before purchasing it. If you decide to con-
tinue using the program, you are required to pay the $89
registration fee.
By registering your software you will be supporting the Shareware
concept. Only through user support can we continue to improve
SPC Professional and develop other products.
Quality Concepts makes no representations or warranties with
respect to the contents hereof and specifically disclaims any im-
plied warranties of fitness for any particular purpose.
ii
1. GETTING STARTED
1.1. Required Hardware
SPC Professional requires a minimum of 256 K of memory. The com-
puter must be equipped with either two floppy disk drives or one
floppy and one hard disk drive. A color graphics card or enhanced
graphics card is required. An IBM graphics printer or compatible
printer is optional but recommended.
1.2. Making A Backup Copy
The SPC Professional distribution disk is labeled with the
product name and release number. We strongly recommend that you
make a backup copy of this disk before proceeding. See your DOS
manual for instructions.
1.3. SPC Professional Files
The following files should be present on your distribution disk:
SPCPRO.EXE The SPC Professional program.
SPCPRO.HLP The SPC Professional help file.
SPCPRO.INF Contains required information.
Several files with the extensions "SPC" and "NOT" are also on the
disk. The SPC files contain sample data. NOT files contain
notes for those files.
1.4. Installing SPC Professional On a Two Disk Syst
1. Insert you backup copy of DOS in drive A: and place a
blank disk in the B: drive. Type:
"A:FORMAT B:"
(Do not type the quotation marks.)
The message:
"Insert new diskette for drive B:
and strike any key when ready"
will appear. Press any key. When formatting is complete
answer "N" to the prompt "Format Another (Y/N)?"
1
GETTING STARTED
------------------------------------------------------
2. Copy the DOS system files to B: by typing, "A:SYS B:".
When the files are transferred, the message, "System
transferred" will appear.
3. Place your backup copy of SPC Professional in drive A:
and type the following:
"B:"
"Copy a:*.*/v"
Label the disk in drive B: "SPC Professional, Working Copy".
1.5. Running SPC Professional On a Two Disk System
To run SPC Professional on a two disk system, place your working
copy in drive A: and a blank, formatted disk in the B: drive. If
you plan on performing the lessons in the Tutorial type:
"COPY A:*.SPC B:/V"
"COPY A:*.NOT B:/V"
At the A> prompt, type "SPCPRO".
1.6. Installing SPC Professional on a Hard Disk
1. From the root directory type "MD SPCPRO".
2. Place your backup copy of SPC Professional in drive A:
and type "COPY A:*.* C:\SPCPRO/V"1
3: Check to see if a file called "CONFIG.SYS" exists in
your root directory. If not type, "COPY A:CONFIG.SYS/V".
If this file does exist, list it using the TYPE command.
Check for two lines setting the FILES and BUFFERS. If these
don't exist, add the following line to this file using EDLIN
or an editor of your choice:
FILES=15
BUFFERS=20
--------------------
1. Replace "C" with your hard drive specification if it is other
than "C".
2 SPC Professional
GETTING STARTED
------------------------------------------------------
1.7. Running SPC Professional on a Hard Drive System
To run SPC Professional on a hard drive system, enter the
following:
CD SPCPRO
SPCPRO
<Ctrl><F7>
At the prompt: "ENTER PATH NAME -->"
Type: C:\SPCPRO
SPC Professional 3
GETTING AROUND
------------------------------------------------------
2. GETTING AROUND
SPC Professional offers two methods for accessing the its various
functions. The primary system provides the beginner and in-
frequent user with a cascading system of menus. The second
method of access consists of a series of quick commands which are
often preferred by advanced users.
2.1. The Menu System
All functions can be accessed through the Main Menu, either
directly, or via secondary menus. The function keys <F1> through
<F10> control navigation through the menus.
Outline of Menu System
MAIN MENU
<F1> HELP
<F2> DATA ENTRY
<F1> HELP
<F2> ENTER VARIABLES DATA
<F4> ENTER ATTRIBUTES DATA
<F9> DISPLAY SPC FILES
<F10> RETURN TO MAIN MENU
<F3> DATA ANALYSIS
<F1> HELP
<F2> X, XBAR, R CHARTS
<F3> PROCESS CAPABILITY STUDIES
<F4> CHARTS FOR ATTRIBUTES
<F5> PARETO ANALYSIS
<F9> DISPLAY SPC FILES
<F10> RETURN TO MAIN MENU
<F4> PRINT DATA
<F1> HELP
<F2> PRINT VARIABLES DATA
<F3> PRINT ATTRIBUTES DATA
<F9> DISPLAY SPC FILES
<F10> RETURN TO MAIN MENU
4 SPC Professional
GETTING AROUND
------------------------------------------------------
<F5> PRINT CHARTS
<F1> HELP
<F2> X, XBAR, R CHARTS
<F3> PROCESS CAPABILITY STUDIES
<F4> CHARTS FOR ATTRIBUTES
<F5> PARETO ANALYSIS
<F9> DISPLAY SPC FILES
<F10> RETURN TO MAIN MENU
<F7> FILE MAINTENANCE
<F1> HELP
<F2> PACK A FILE
<F3> DELETE FILES
<F4> CREATE ASCII FILES
<F9> DISPLAY SPC FILES
<F10> RETURN TO MAIN MENU
<F8> INSTALL SPC-PRO
<F1> HELP
<F2> SET SCREEN COLORS
<F3> SET SCREEN ATTRIBUTES
<F4> SET COMPANY NAME AND ADDRESS
<F5> SET FILE HEADER INFORMATION
<F7> SET DRIVE AND DIRECTORY
<F8> SAVE CHANGES TO DISK
<F9> DISPLAY SPC FILES
<F10> RETURN TO MAIN MENU
<F9> DISPLAY SPC FILES
<F10> QUIT TO DOS
SPC Professional 5
GETTING AROUND
------------------------------------------------------
2.2. Quick Commands
Most of SPC Professional's functions can be accessed using Quick
Commands. These commands use the function keys in conjunction
with either the <Ctrl> or <Alt> keys. Quick Commands can be
issued from any menu.
Quick Commands
<Alt><F1> Displays the quick commands
<Alt><F2> Enter Variables Data
<Alt><F3> Enter Attributes Data
<Alt><F4> Display Variables Charts
<Alt><F5> Display Attributes Charts
<Alt><F6> Display Pareto Analysis
<Alt><F7> Print Variables Charts
<Alt><F8> Print Attributes Charts
<Alt><F9> Print Pareto Analysis
<Alt><F10> Display Process Capability Study and Histogram
<Ctrl><F1> Print Process Capability Study and Histogram
<Ctrl><F2> Print Variables Data
<Ctrl><F3> Print Attributes Data
<Ctrl><F4> Set Screen Attributes
<Ctrl><F5> Set Screen Colors
<Ctrl><F6> Set File Header Information
<Ctrl><F7> Change Drive and Directory
<Ctrl><F8> Delete Files
<Ctrl><F9> Pack a File
<Ctrl><F10> Quit to DOS
6 SPC Professional
INSTALLATION
------------------------------------------------------
3. INSTALLATION
3.1. Set Screen Colors
Quick Command <Ctrl><F5>
Menu Access <F2> from Installation Menu.
Purpose Change colors of data entry screens and windows.
Function The name of the various screens are listed on the
top line. To select a screen to change, place the
cursor at the name using the left and right arrows
and press <ENTER>.
To display a background color press <PgDn> or
<PgUp>. Use the up arrow and down arrow keys to
display foreground colors. Press <ENTER> to
select the present color combination.
Use the up and down arrow keys to display the bor-
der color. Press <ENTER> to select present bor-
der.
Press <F10> to exit the function.
Notes Changes will exist for the present session only.
(See Save Changes.) Set screen attributes before
setting color.
3.2. Set Screen Attributes
Quick Command <Ctrl><F4>
Menu Access <F3> from the Installation Menu.
Purpose Changes various screen display settings.
Function Place the cursor at the desired setting and press
<ENTER>.
High Resolution -- Graphs will be displayed in
black and white, 640 X 200 pixel resolution.
Medium Resolution -- Graphs will be displayed in
color, 320 X 200 pixel resolution.
SPC Professional 7
INSTALLATION
------------------------------------------------------
Color Monitor -- For RGB and composite color
monitors. May also be used for monitors which
display colors as shades of gray.
Black & White -- For composite monitors which dis-
play only one color.
Low Density -- Displays and prints half the number
of points on each page of a chart as does High
Density.
High Density -- Displays and prints twice the num-
ber of points on each page of a chart as does Low
Density.
Notes Changes will exist for the present session only.
3.3. Set Company Information
Quick Command None.
Menu Access <F4> from the Installation Menu
Purpose Allows the user to change the company name and
address. This information is printed at the top
of each report.
Function Use the arrow keys to locate the cursor over the
line to be changed and type in new line.
Use <F10> to exit.
Notes Changes will exist for the present session only.
(See Save Changes.)
3.4. Set Header Information
Quick Command <Ctrl><F6>
Menu Access <F5> from the Installation Menu.
Purpose Allows the user to change the prompts which appear
on the Attributes and Variables Chart Information
Screen.
Function Locate the cursor at the prompt to be changed and
type the new prompt. Press <F10> to quit.
8 SPC Professional
INSTALLATION
------------------------------------------------------
3.5. Change Drive Specification for Data Files
Quick Command <Ctrl><F7>
Menu Access <F7> from the Installation Menu.
Purpose Changes the drive and directory in which SPC data
files are located.
Function SPC Professional will search for SPC data files on
the drive and directory specified. Valid path
name examples:
B:
C:\SPCFILES
C:\SPCPRO\DEPT1
Notes Directories must exist on the disk.
3.6. Save Changes to Disk
Quick Command None
File Access <F8> from the Installation Menu.
Purpose The above changes will be in effect for the
present session only. This function saves the
changes to disk and makes them permanent.
Function Press <F8> at the Installation Menu.
SPC Professional 9
ENTER VARIABLES DATA
------------------------------------------------------
4. ENTER VARIABLES DATA
Quick Command <Alt><F2>
Menu Access <F2> from the Data Entry Menu.
Purpose This function is used to establish a variables
file, add data to a file, and edit data in exist-
ing variables files.
Function Enter the name of either a new file or an existing
file at the "ENTER FILE NAME -->" prompt. Do not
add an extension to the file name. SPC Profes-
sional adds the extension "SPC" to all data files.
Press <ENTER> to accept the default file.
Notes Use <F9> to view existing files.
4.1. Variables Information Screen
Purpose Allows the user to enter general information con-
cerning the file.
Prompt Description of Entry
Dept-Variable These entries are optional. They are used to
identify the file. These prompts may be altered
through the Installation Menu.
Nominal Enter the nominal specification. This entry is
mandatory. The nominal must be greater than or
equal to the LSL and less than or equal to the
USL.
Prompt Description of Entry
Lower Spec. Enter the lower specification. This entry is man-
datory. If the specifications are single sided on
the high side, enter the nominal.
Upper Spec. Enter the upper specification. This entry is man-
datory. If the specifications are single sided on
the low side, enter the nominal.
Units. Enter the units of measurement such as inches, mm,
degrees etc. This entry is optional.
10 SPC Professional
ENTER VARIABLES DATA
------------------------------------------------------
Prompt Description of Entry
Base SPC Professional allows the user to enter data in
two different formats. To enter raw data, enter
zero for the base. To enter only the decimal por-
tion of the data, enter a the constant integer
portion of the data here. For example, if the
specifications are 3.025 +/- .005, the data will
consist of measurements which has a constant base
of three and a variable decimal portion. This
entry is mandatory and cannot be changed once data
is entered in the file.
Decimals To enter raw data, enter zero for the number of
decimals. To enter only the decimal portion of
the data, enter the number of decimals to be en-
tered. In the example above, enter three. SPC
Professional will recombine the base and decimals
for all reports using the following formula:
Data = Base + Data Entry/10Decimals
This entry is mandatory and cannot be changed once
data is entered in the file.
Sample Size The sample size can vary between one and ten. SPC
Professional will assume the data is for a moving
average and moving range chart if a sample size of
one is entered. This entry is mandatory and can-
not be changed once data is entered in the file.
Interval Enter the interval in minutes between samples.
Enter zero if samples are not taken at regular in-
tervals. This entry is mandatory and cannot be
changed once data is entered in the file.
Moving Size Enter the number of samples to be used in cal-
culating the moving average and moving range.
This entry is mandatory if the sample size was set
to one and cannot be changed once data is entered
in the file.
SPC Professional 11
ENTER VARIABLES DATA
------------------------------------------------------
Command Function
Arrow Keys Use the arrow keys to navigate around the screen.
<PgDn> This command exits the information screen.
Answering "Y" to the prompt "Is this information
correct <Y/N>" saves all the information and dis-
plays the data input screen.
<F1> Displays the help window for any entry.
<F9> Lists the SPC data files in the present directory.
<F10> Exit from the information screen, discarding all
changes. <PgUp> will perform the same function.
4.2. Variables Data Entry Screen
Purpose Allows entry of variables data.
Function Top of screen (highlighted) -- displays the file
name, page number, and optional information pre-
viously entered.
Center of screen -- area for entering variables
data.
Prompt lines -- display prompts for navigational
commands and function keys.
The last page of data appears first on the screen.
Enter "Y" to the prompt:
"Will you be entering any negative numbers? "
only if the base is set to zero and negative num-
bers are expected.
Prompt Description of Entry
Sample Present sample number. This is provided by the
computer. A highlighted sample number indicates
the presence of a note.
Time The time is entered as hh:mm in military time.
The colon will be inserted by SPC Professional.
Precede single digits with a zero. Example: 2:05
PM is entered as 14:05.
12 SPC Professional
ENTER VARIABLES DATA
------------------------------------------------------
Date The date is entered as mm/dd/yy. The slash marks
will be inserted by SPC Professional. Precede
single digits with zero. Example: 01/07/84.
Observation Enter the entire number if both the base and
decimals are set to zero. Otherwise, enter the
decimal portion of the number.
Command Function
Arrow Keys The left and right arrow keys move between samples
on a page. The up and down arrows move the cursor
within a sample.
<PgUp> Moves the cursor to a previous page.
<PgDn> Moves the cursor to the next page.
<F1> Opens the help window.
<F2> Toggles between automatic and manual entry of
dates and times. In the auto mode SPC Profes-
sional will update each sample using the interval.
<F3> This command is used to either add a note to a
sample or edit an existing note.
<F4> Copies the screen to the printer.
<F5> Marks a sample for deletion. If pressed within a
deleted group it "un-deletes" the group. The
sample number for groups which are marked for
deletion is replaced by a series of asterisks.
See File Maintenance for instructions on how to
remove marked records from the file.
<F6> Inserts a sample between two existing samples.
<F8> Displays the File Information window. (See Below)
<F9> Lists SPC data files in present directory.
<F10> Exit data entry. All changes are saved.
SPC Professional 13
ENTER VARIABLES DATA
------------------------------------------------------
4.2.File Information Window
Path The drive and directory on which the present file
is located.
File The present SPC file.
Dept. - Unit Optional file information.
Base The base number.
Decimals The number of decimal places in the data.
Nominal The nominal dimension.
LSL The lower specification limit.
USL The upper specification limit.
Mean Xbar The grand mean. This will be zero unless a con-
trol chart has been plotted.
LCL Xbar The lower control limit for averages. This will
be zero unless a control chart has been plotted.
UCl Xbar The upper control limit for averages. This will
be zero unless a control chart has been plotted.
R bar The average range. This will be zero unless a
control chart has been plotted.
UCL Range The upper control limit for the range. This will
be zero unless a control chart has been plotted.
Group Size The present group size.
Observations The number of observations entered so far.
14 SPC Professional
DISPLAY VARIABLES CHARTS
------------------------------------------------------
5. DISPLAY VARIABLES CHARTS
Quick Command <Alt><F4>
Menu Access <F2> from the Data Analysis Menu.
Purpose Displays variables charts.
Function Enter the name of an existing variables file at
the "ENTER FILE NAME -->" prompt. Do not add an
extension to the file name. SPC Professional adds
the extension "SPC" to all data files. Press
<ENTER> to accept the default file.
Notes Use <F9> to view existing files.
5.1. Variables Chart Information Screen
Purpose Allows the user to enter general information con-
cerning the variables chart.
Prompt Description of Entry
Mean Xbar This is also referred to as the grand mean. SPC
Professional allows the user to either enter this
value or have it calculated from the data. To en-
ter a historical mean, enter the entire number
(ie. 1.345), even if the data was entered using
only the decimal portion. Enter zero to calculate
the grand mean.
Mean Range This is also referred to as Rbar. SPC Profes-
sional allows the user to either enter this value
or have it calculated from the data. Enter zero
to calculate the average range using the data.
Chart Type To choose a chart type, locate the cursor over the
desired type and press <ENTER>. The chosen type
will be highlighted.
Groups Chart statistics will be based only on the samples
listed if zeros were entered for the Mean Xbar and
Range.
SPC Professional 15
DISPLAY VARIABLES CHARTS
------------------------------------------------------
Command Function
Arrow Keys Use the arrow keys to navigate around the screen.
<PgDn> This command exits the information screen.
Answering "Y" to the prompt "Is this information
correct <Y/N>" saves all the information and dis-
plays the data input screen.
<F1> Displays the help window for any entry.
<F9> Lists the SPC data files in the present directory.
<F10> Exit from the information screen, discarding all
changes. <PgUp> will perform the same function.
5.2. Variables Chart Display
Three types of variables charts are available:
Individuals This is a chart of each individual observation in
the sample. Horizontal dotted lines represent the
upper specification limit (USL) and the lower
specification limit (LSL). A horizontal solid
line represents the nominal dimension (NOM). Each
observation is represented by an individual dot.
Xbar & R Both charts are simultaneously displayed. The
Xbar chart has two horizontal dotted lines which
represent the upper control limit for Xbar (UCL)
and the lower control limit for Xbar (LCL). A
solid horizontal line in the center of the chart
represents the grand mean. Each sample average is
represented by an individual dot. These are con-
nected by solid lines.
The R chart appears below the Xbar chart. The
single, horizontal dotted line represents the up-
per control limit for R (UCL). Each sample range
is represented by an individual dot. These are
connected by solid lines.
Tests for This chart performs six tests for control. The
Xbar
Control chart chart is displayed. Data points which fail
any one of the tests are displayed as diamonds. A
number which represents the failure mode appears
directly below the chart.
16 SPC Professional
DISPLAY VARIABLES CHARTS
------------------------------------------------------
SPC Professional 17
DISPLAY VARIABLES CHARTS
------------------------------------------------------
Test Modes:
1. Xbar is below the lower control limit or
above the upper control limit.
2. Two out of three sample means are greater
than the grand mean plus two standard devia-
tions.
3. Two out of three sample means are less than
the grand mean minus two standard deviations.
4. Four out of five sample means are greater
than the grand mean plus one standard devia-
tion.
5. Four out of five sample means are less than
the grand mean minus one standard deviation.
6. Eight averages in a row on the same side of
the grand mean.
The type of chart and present page number is displayed on the top
line of each chart. The cursor (an upward pointing arrow) ap-
pears below the chart. The next line displays the sample number.
The first number on this line identifies the sample pointed to by
the cursor. The prompt line occupies the bottom line of the
screen.
Command Function
Arrow Keys Use the left and right arrow keys to move the cur-
sor directly beneath a sample average. The sample
number of the selected group will appear on the
far left of the sample number line.
<PgUp> Moves the cursor to a previous page.
<PgDn> Moves the cursor to the next page.
<F1> Displays the help window for any entry.
<F2> Displays the data for the present sample.
<F3> Displays a note for the present sample if one ex-
its.
<F8> Displays the file information window. (See below)
18 SPC Professional
DISPLAY VARIABLES CHARTS
------------------------------------------------------
Command Function
<F9> Lists the SPC data files in the present directory.
<F10> Exit from the information screen, discarding all
changes. <PgUp> will perform the same function.
5.2.File Information Window
Path The present drive and directory on which the
present file is located.
File The present SPC file.
Dept. - Unit Optional file information.
Base The base number.
Decimals The number of decimal places in the data.
Nominal The nominal dimension.
LSL The lower specification limit.
USL The upper specification limit.
Mean Xbar The grand mean. This will be zero unless a con-
trol chart has been plotted.
LCL Xbar The lower control limit for averages. This will
be zero unless a control chart has been plotted.
UCl Xbar The upper control limit for averages. This will
be zero unless a control chart has been plotted.
R bar The average range. This will be zero unless a
control chart has been plotted.
UCL Range The upper control limit for the range. This will
be zero unless a control chart has been plotted.
Group Size The present group size.
Observations The number of observations entered so far.
SPC Professional 19
PRINT VARIABLES CHARTS
------------------------------------------------------
6. PRINT VARIABLES CHARTS
Quick Command <Alt><F7>
Menu Access <F2> from the Chart Printing Menu.
Purpose Prints variables charts.
Function Enter the name of an existing variables file at
the "ENTER FILE NAME -->" prompt. Do not add an
extension to the file name. SPC Professional adds
the extension "SPC" to all data files. Press
<ENTER> to accept the default file.
Notes Use <F9> to view existing files.
6.1. Variables Chart Information Screen
Purpose Allows the user to enter general information con-
cerning the variables chart.
Function This screen is identical to the Information Screen
used for displaying variables charts with the fol-
lowing exception:
Only those samples falling between the first and
last group will be charted.
20 SPC Professional
PRINT VARIABLES DATA
------------------------------------------------------
7. PRINT VARIABLES DATA
Quick Command <Ctrl><F2>
Menu Access <F2> from the Data Printing Menu.
Purpose Prints variables data.
Function Enter the name of an existing variables file at
the "ENTER FILE NAME -->" prompt. Do not add an
extension to the file name. SPC Professional adds
the extension "SPC" to all data files. Press
<ENTER> to accept the default file.
The following information will be printed for each
sample in the file:
Sample number
Time
Date
Individual Observations
Xbar
Range
Notes Use <F9> to view existing files.
SPC Professional 21
ENTER ATTRIBUTES DATA
------------------------------------------------------
8. ENTER ATTRIBUTES DATA
Quick Command <Alt><F3>
Menu Access <F4> from the Data Entry Menu.
Purpose This function is used to establish a attributes
file, add data to a file, and edit data in exist-
ing attributes files.
Function Enter the name of either a new file or an existing
file at the "ENTER FILE NAME -->" prompt. Do not
add an extension to the file name. SPC Profes-
sional adds the extension "SPC" to all data files.
Press <ENTER> to accept the default file.
Notes Use <F9> to view existing files.
8.1. Attributes Information Screen
Purpose Allows the user to enter general information con-
cerning the file.
Prompt Description of Entry
Dept-Variable These entries are optional. They are used to
identify the file. These prompts may be altered
through the Installation Menu.
Chart Type The chart type is selected by placing the cursor
at the desired type and pressing <ENTER>.
Interval Enter the interval in minutes between samples.
Enter zero if samples are not taken at regular in-
tervals.
Defect Name The names or defect codes of up to ten defects may
be listed. SPC Professional will request the num-
ber of defects for each defect during data entry.
22 SPC Professional
ENTER ATTRIBUTES DATA
------------------------------------------------------
Command Function
Arrow Keys Use the arrow keys to navigate around the screen.
<PgDn> This command exits the information screen.
Answering "Y" to the prompt "Is this information
correct <Y/N>" saves all the information and dis-
plays the data input screen.
<F1> Displays the help window for any entry.
<F9> Lists the SPC data files in the present directory.
<F10> Exit from the information screen, discarding all
changes. <PgUp> will perform the same function.
8.2. Attributes Data Entry Screen
Purpose Allows entry of attributes data.
Function Top of screen (highlighted) -- displays the file
name, page number, and optional information pre-
viously entered.
Center of screen -- area for entering attributes
data.
Prompt lines -- display prompts for navigational
commands and function keys.
Prompt Description of Entry
Sample Present sample number. This is provided by the
computer. A highlighted sample number indicates
the presence of a note.
Time The time is entered as hh:mm in military time.
The colon will be inserted by SPC Professional.
Precede single digits with a zero. Example: 2:05
PM is entered as 14:05.
Date The date is entered as mm/dd/yy. The slash marks
will be inserted by SPC Professional. Precede
single digits with zero. Example: 01/07/84.
Sample Size The sample size must be entered for p and u
charts.
SPC Professional 23
ENTER ATTRIBUTES DATA
------------------------------------------------------
Defectives The number of defectives must be entered for p and
np charts.
Defects The number of defects must be entered for c and u
charts if no defects are listed. If defects are
listed, SPC Professional will sum the individual
defects and enter the total in this space.
Defect Name: The number of defects of each type must be entered
if defect names were listed.
Command Function
Arrow Keys The left and right arrow keys move between samples
on a page. The up and down arrows move the cursor
within a sample.
<PgUp> Moves the cursor to a previous page.
<PgDn> Moves the cursor to the next page.
<F1> Opens the help window.
<F2> Toggles between automatic and manual entry of
dates and times. In the auto mode SPC Profes-
sional will update each sample using the interval.
<F3> This command is used to either add a note to a
sample or edit an existing note.
<F4> Copies the screen to the printer.
<F5> Marks a sample for deletion. If pressed within a
deleted group it "un-deletes" the group. The
sample number for groups which are marked for
deletion is replaced by a series of asterisks.
See File Maintenance for instructions on how to
remove marked records from the file.
<F6> Inserts a sample between two existing samples.
<F7> Toggles between a constant (Const.) and variable
(Varbl.) sample size. The sample size need be en-
tered only once when toggled to Const.
<F8> Displays the File Information window. (See Below)
<F9> Lists SPC data files in present directory.
<F10> Exit data entry. All changes are saved.
24 SPC Professional
ENTER ATTRIBUTES DATA
------------------------------------------------------
8.2.File Information Window
Path The present drive and directory on which the
present file is located.
File The present SPC file.
Dept-Variable Optional file information.
Avg. p,np,c,u The average for the fraction defective, number
defective, number of defects per sample, and num-
ber of defects per unit. These values will be
zero unless a chart of the appropriate type has
been plotted.
Defect Avg. The average c and u for each individual defect.
These values will be zero unless a chart of the
appropriate type has been plotted.
SPC Professional 25
DISPLAY ATTRIBUTES CHARTS
------------------------------------------------------
9. DISPLAY ATTRIBUTES CHARTS
Quick Command <Alt><F5>
Menu Access <F4> from the Data Analysis Menu.
Purpose Displays attributes charts.
Function Enter the name of an existing attributes file at
the "ENTER FILE NAME -->" prompt. Do not add an
extension to the file name. SPC Professional adds
the extension "SPC" to all data files. Press
<ENTER> to accept the default file.
Notes Use <F9> to view existing files.
9.1. Attributes Information Screen
Purpose Allows the user to enter general information con-
cerning the file.
Prompt Description of Entry
Chart Type The chart type is selected by placing the cursor
at the desired type and pressing <ENTER>.
Groups Chart statistics will be based only on the samples
listed if zeros are entered for the averages.
Average Value The average value for the type of chart chosen is
displayed. SPC Professional allows the user to
either enter this value or have it calculated from
the data. Enter zero to calculate the average
value using the data.
Defect Name The defect names, which were entered when the data
file was established, are listed. A single defect
may be charted for either defects per sample (c)
or defects per unit (u). To choose a single
defect, select either a c or u chart. Place the
cursor at the desired defect and press <ENTER>.
The selected defect will be highlighted.
Avg. c or u The average value of either c or u for each defect
is displayed. SPC Professional allows the user to
either enter this value or have it calculated from
the data. Enter zero to calculate the average
value using the data.
26 SPC Professional
DISPLAY ATTRIBUTES CHARTS
------------------------------------------------------
Command Function
Arrow Keys Use the arrow keys to navigate around the screen.
<PgDn> This command exits the information screen.
Answering "Y" to the prompt "Is this information
correct <Y/N>" saves all the information and dis-
plays the data input screen.
<F1> Displays the help window for any entry.
<F9> Lists the SPC data files in the present directory.
<F10> Exit from the information screen, discarding all
changes. <PgUp> will perform the same function.
9.2. Attributes Chart Display
Three types of attributes charts are available:
p Charts This chart displays the fraction defectives for
each sample as a dot. These are connected by
solid lines. The upper control limit, lower con-
trol limit and average fraction defective are
drawn on the chart. If the sample size varies the
control limits will also vary, becoming wider for
smaller sample sizes and narrower for larger
sizes.
np Charts This chart displays the number of defectives for
each sample as a dot. These are connected by
solid lines. The upper and lower control limits
are displayed as solid horizontal lines above and
below the average number defective.
c Charts The chart for the number of defects may be plotted
for either all defects combined or an individual
defect. The upper and lower control limits are
displayed as solid horizontal lines above and
below the average number of defects.
u Charts The chart for defects per unit may be plotted for
either all defects combined or an individual
defect. The upper and lower control limits are
displayed as solid lines above and below the
average. If the sample size varies the control
limits will also vary, becoming wider for smaller
sample sizes and narrower for larger sizes.
SPC Professional 27
DISPLAY ATTRIBUTES CHARTS
------------------------------------------------------
The type of chart and present page number is displayed on the top
line of each chart. If the chart is a c or u chart for a single
defect, the defect name is also displayed. The cursor (an upward
pointing arrow) appears below the charts. The next line displays
the sample number. The first number on this line identifies the
sample pointed to by the cursor. The prompt line occupies the
bottom line of the screen.
Arrow Keys Use the left and right arrow keys to move the cur-
sor directly beneath a sample. The sample number
of the selected group will appear on the far left
of the sample number line.
<PgUp> Moves the cursor to a previous page.
<PgDn> Moves the cursor to the next page.
<F1> Displays the help window for any entry.
<F2> Displays the data for the present sample.
<F3> Displays a note for the present sample if one ex-
its.
<F8> Displays the file information window.
<F9> Lists the SPC data files in the present directory.
<F10> Exit from the information screen, discarding all
changes. <PgUp> will perform the same function.
9.2.File Information Window
Path The drive and directory on which the present file
is located.
File The present SPC file.
Dept-Variable Optional file information.
Avg. p,np,c,u The average for the fraction defective, number
defective, number of defects per sample, and num-
ber of defects per unit. These values will be
zero unless a chart of the appropriate type has
been plotted.
Defect Avg. The average c and u for each individual defect.
These values will be zero unless a chart of the
appropriate type has been plotted.
28 SPC Professional
DISPLAY ATTRIBUTES CHARTS
------------------------------------------------------
SPC Professional 29
PRINT ATTRIBUTES CHARTS
------------------------------------------------------
10. PRINT ATTRIBUTES CHARTS
Quick Command <Alt><F8>
Menu Access <F4> from the Chart Printing Menu.
Purpose Prints attributes charts.
Function Enter the name of an existing attributes file at
the "ENTER FILE NAME -->" prompt. Do not add an
extension to the file name. SPC Professional adds
the extension "SPC" to all data files. Press
<ENTER> to accept the default file.
Notes Use <F9> to view existing files.
10.1. Attributes Information Screen
Purpose Allows the user to enter general information con-
cerning the file.
Function This screen is identical to the Information Screen
used for displaying attributes charts with one
major exception:
Only those samples falling between the first and
last group will be charted.
30 SPC Professional
PRINT ATTRIBUTES DATA
------------------------------------------------------
11. PRINT ATTRIBUTES DATA
Quick Command <Ctrl><F3>
Menu Access <F4> from the Chart Printing Menu.
Purpose Prints attributes data.
Function Enter the name of an existing attributes file at
the "ENTER FILE NAME -->" prompt. Do not add an
extension to the file name. SPC Professional adds
the extension "SPC" to all data files. Press
<ENTER> to accept the default file.
Notes Use <F9> to view existing files.
11.1. Attributes Information Screen
Purpose Allows the user to enter general information con-
cerning the file.
Function This screen is identical to the Information Screen
used for displaying attributes charts. The data
which is printed depends on the type of chart
selected:
p Chart np Chart c Chart u Chart
Sample # Sample # Sample # Sample #
Time Time Time Time
Date Date Date Date
Sample Size Sample Size Sample Size Sample Size
Defectives Defectives Defects Defects
p np c (all defects) u (all defects)
LCL p LCL np LCL c LCL u
UCL p UCL np UCL c UCL u
For each defect: Qty UCL LCL Qty u UCL LCL
Only data for those samples between the first and last group will
be printed. Control limits will be printed only if charts have
been plotted and these limits calculated. Otherwise they will be
zero.
SPC Professional 31
DISPLAY PROCESS CAPABILITY STUDY
------------------------------------------------------
12. DISPLAY PROCESS CAPABILITY STUDY
Quick Command <Alt><F10>
Menu Access <F3> from the Data Analysis Menu.
Purpose Displays a histogram and process capability study
for existing variables data.
Function Enter the name of an existing variables file at
the "ENTER FILE NAME -->" prompt. Do not add an
extension to the file name. SPC Professional add
the extension "SPC" to all data files. Press
<ENTER> to accept the default file.
Notes Use <F9> to view existing files.
12.1. Capability Study Information Screen
Purpose Allows the user to enter general information con-
cerning the variables chart.
Prompt Description of Entry
Nominal Enter the nominal specification. This entry is
mandatory. The nominal must be greater than or
equal to the Lower Spec. and less than or equal to
the Upper Spec.
Lower Spec. Enter the lower specification. This entry is man-
datory. If the specifications are single sided on
the high side, enter the nominal.
Prompt Description of Entry
Upper Spec. Enter the upper specification. This entry is man-
datory. If the specifications are single sided on
the low side, enter the nominal.
Sigma Source The standard deviation may be calculated using
ether the individual data or it may be estimated
using the average range from the control chart.
Cells The number of cells in the histogram may vary from
one to twenty.
Groups The histogram and study will be based only on the
samples between the starting and ending groups.
32 SPC Professional
DISPLAY PROCESS CAPABILITY STUDY
------------------------------------------------------
Command Function
Arrow Keys Use the arrow keys to navigate around the screen.
<PgDn> This command exits the information screen.
Answering "Y" to the prompt "Is this information
correct <Y/N>" saves all the information and dis-
plays the histogram.
<F1> Displays the help window for any entry.
<F9> Lists the SPC data files in the present directory.
<F10> Exit from the information screen, discarding all
changes. <PgUp> will perform the same function.
12.2. Histogram and Process Capability Study Screen
The file name is located at the upper left of the screen. The
numbers on the left of the histogram denote the number of obser-
vations in the cell. Those on the right represent the percent of
the total observations in the cell. Two vertical lines are drawn
on the histogram which represent the lower and upper specifica-
tion limits. A plot of the normal curve, with a mean and stand-
ard deviation equal to that of the sample, is overlaid on the
histogram.
Function Description
<F1> Displays the help window for any entry.
<F2> Displays the data for the histogram cells.
<F3> Displays the process capability statistics.
<F8> Displays the file information window.
<F9> Lists the SPC data files in the present directory.
<F10> Exit from the histogram. <PgUp> will perform the
same function.
SPC Professional 33
DISPLAY PROCESS CAPABILITY STUDY
------------------------------------------------------
12.2.Histogram Data Window
Cell The cell number.
Lower Boundary The lower boundary of the cell. All data
with the cell is greater or equal to the
lower boundary.
Frequency The cell count.
Relative Frequency The relative frequency is the proportion of
the cell count to the total count.
Cumulative Frequency This is the sum of the relative
frequencies of all cells, up to and including
the present cell.
12.2.Process Capability Study Window
Mean The grand mean of all the observations is dis-
played.
Sigma The standard deviation and its source, either in-
dividuals or chart, is displayed.
Skewness Skewness is a measure of the symmetry of a dis-
tribution. A positive value indicates a tendency
to tail to the the right, and a negative value in-
dicates a left tendency.
Kurtosis This is a measure of the shape of the distribu-
tion. A positive value indicates longer tails
than the normal distribution. A negative value
indicates shorter tails.
Chi Square This is the Chi Square Goodness of Fit statistic.
This figure is compared to the upper tail of the
Chi Square distribution with c-3 degrees of
freedom.
(c = number of cells)
Probability This is the critical value of the above statistic.
Compare this with a predetermined alpha risk
(usually 0.05). A value less than alpha indicates
a non-normal distribution.
Percent < LSL This is an estimation of the percent of the
population that can be expected to fall below the
lower specification limit.
34 SPC Professional
DISPLAY PROCESS CAPABILITY STUDY
------------------------------------------------------
Percent > USL This is an estimation of the percent of the
population that can be expected to fall above the
upper specification limit.
Cpk This is a measure of process capability. A number
less than 1.0 indicates a process which is too
wide when compared to the specification limits.
Cp This is another measure of process capability. A
number less than 1.0 indicates a process which is
too wide when compared to the specification
limits.
1/Cp (Cr) Yet another measure of process capability. A
number > 1.0 indicates a process which is too wide
when compared to the specification limits.
12.2.File Information Window
Path The present drive and directory on which the
present file is located.
File The present SPC file.
Dept. - Unit Optional file information.
Base The base number.
Decimals The number of decimal places in the data.
Nominal The nominal dimension.
LSL The lower specification limit.
USL The upper specification limit.
Mean Xbar The grand mean. This will be zero unless a con-
trol chart has been plotted.
LCL Xbar The lower control limit for averages. This will
be zero unless a control chart has been plotted.
UCl Xbar The upper control limit for averages. This will
be zero unless a control chart has been plotted.
R bar The average range. This will be zero unless a
control chart has been plotted.
SPC Professional 35
DISPLAY PROCESS CAPABILITY STUDY
------------------------------------------------------
UCL Range The upper control limit for the range. This will
be zero unless a control chart has been plotted.
Group Size The present group size.
Observations The number of observations entered so far.
36 SPC Professional
PRINT PROCESS CAPABILITY STUDY
------------------------------------------------------
13. PRINT PROCESS CAPABILITY STUDY
Quick Command <Ctrl><F1>
Menu Access <F3> from the Chart Printing Menu.
Purpose Prints a histogram and process capability study
for existing variables data.
Function Enter the name of an existing variables file at
the "ENTER FILE NAME -->" prompt. Do not add an
extension to the file name. SPC Professional adds
the extension "SPC" to all data files. Press
<ENTER> to accept the default file.
Notes Use <F9> to view existing files.
13.1. Capability Study Information Screen
Purpose Allows the user to enter general information con-
cerning the variables chart.
Function This screen is identical to the information screen
for displaying capability studies.
SPC Professional 37
DISPLAY PARETO ANALYSIS
------------------------------------------------------
14. DISPLAY PARETO ANALYSIS
Quick Command <Alt><F6>
Menu Access <F5> from the Data Analysis Menu.
Purpose Enter Pareto data and display analysis.
Function Enter the name of a new or existing Pareto file at
the "ENTER FILE NAME -->" prompt. Do not add an
extension to the file name. SPC Professional adds
the extension "SPC" to all data files. Press
<ENTER> to accept the default file.
Notes Use <F9> to view existing files.
14.1. Pareto Data Entry Screen
Purpose Allows the user to enter Pareto data.
Prompt Description of Entry
Dates Enter the starting and ending dates of the
analysis. The date is entered as mm/dd/yy. The
slash marks will be inserted by SPC Professional.
Precede single digits with zero. Example:
01/07/84.
Data Source SPC Professional permits two methods of data entry
for Pareto Analysis. You can either enter raw
data from the keyboard or use defect data in ex-
isting Attributes files. To select a data source,
place the cursor at your choice and press <ENTER>.
The prompt "Use defects from [filename] <Y/N>"
will appear if "Attribute Files" was selected as
the source of the data. All defects, contained in
the files selected and which fall between the
starting and ending dates, will be added to the
Pareto analysis.
Defect Keyboard Entry -- Enter the name of the subject of
the study.
Attribute Files -- The names of the defects will
be listed.
Weight Each defect must be given a weight factor. Any
integer between 1 and 9999 may be used.
38 SPC Professional
DISPLAY PARETO ANALYSIS
------------------------------------------------------
Quant. Keyboard Entry -- Enter the quantity of each
defect.
Attribute Files -- The quantity of the listed
defect is the sum of all the defects, which have
the same name, found in the selected attributes
files.
Command Function
Arrow Keys Use the arrow keys to navigate around the screen.
<PgDn> This command exits the data entry screen.
Answering "Y" to the prompt "Is this information
correct <Y/N>" saves all the information and dis-
plays the data input screen.
<F1> Displays the help window for any entry.
<F4> Prints Pareto Data.
<F9> Lists the SPC data files in the present directory.
<F10> Exit from the information screen, discarding all
changes. <PgUp> will perform the same function.
14.2. Pareto Analysis Screen
The Pareto Analysis is displayed as a bar chart. The numbers at
the top of the screen denote the quantity, multiplied by the
weight, for each defect. Those on the bottom represent the per-
cent of the total. The defect names are listed on the left.
Only those defects contributing to a total of 80% of all defects
are listed. The remainder are grouped together under "All
Others".
SPC Professional 39
DISPLAY PARETO ANALYSIS
------------------------------------------------------
14.2.Pareto Data Window
Pressing <F2> displays the Data Window. The following informa-
tion is listed for defects which contribute to 80% of the total:
Defect The defect name.
Total The quantity of defects multiplied by the weight.
Cum-Tot The cumulative total up to and including the
present defect.
Percent The percent of all defects for each individual
defect.
Cum-% The cumulative percent up to including the present
defect.
40 SPC Professional
PRINT PARETO ANALYSIS
------------------------------------------------------
15. PRINT PARETO ANALYSIS
Quick Command <Alt><F9>
Menu Access <F5> from the Chart Printing Menu.
Purpose Enter Pareto data and print analysis.
Function Enter the name of a new or existing Pareto file at
the "ENTER FILE NAME -->" prompt. Do not add an
extension to the file name. SPC Professional adds
the extension "SPC" to all data files. Press
<ENTER> to accept the default file.
Notes Use <F9> to view existing files.
15.1. Pareto Data Entry Screen
Purpose Allows the user to enter Pareto data.
Function This screen is identical to the Data Entry Screen
used for displaying a Pareto Analysis.
SPC Professional 41
FILE MAINTENANCE
------------------------------------------------------
16. FILE MAINTENANCE
16.1. Pack a File
Quick Command <Ctrl><F9>
Menu Access <F2> from the File Maintenance Menu.
Purpose Removes samples which are marked for deletion from
Attributes and Variables files.
Function Enter the name of the file to be packed at the
following prompt:
"ENTER FILE NAME -->"
16.2. Delete a File
Quick Command <Ctrl><F8>
Menu Access <F3> from the File Maintenance Menu.
Purpose Removes a data file and its related note file from
the present directory.
Function Enter the name of the file to be removed at the
following prompt:
"ENTER FILE NAME -->"
SPC Professional will ask you to confirm your
response to assure against accidental erasure.
42 SPC Professional
FILE MAINTENANCE
------------------------------------------------------
16.3. Make an ASCII File
Quick Command None
Menu Access <F4> from the File Maintenance Menu.
Purpose Creates an ASCII (text) file from an Attributes or
Variables file. ASCII files have the extension
"TXT".
Function Enter the name of the file to be converted at the
following prompt:
"ENTER FILE NAME -->"
Only the data in the files are converted. File in-
formation such as specification limits etc. is not
preserved.
SPC Professional 43
REGISTRATION FORM
If you purchased SPC Professional directly from Quality
Concepts then your copy is already registared.
If you received SPC Professional some other way, you may
register your copy by filling out the following form and
mailing it to Quality Concepts along with $89.00 (Shipping
included). You will receive a printed manual and the latest
version of SPC Professional. You will also be placed on our
customer list so that you will automatically be notified of
all updates.
Site license fees are as follows:
1 to 9 copies $89.00 each
10 to 24 copies $75.00 each
25 to 49 copies $55.00 each
50 to 99 copies $35.00 each
Over 99 copies $2500.00 one time charge
Qualified educational institutions may purchase copies for
$25 each.
Send to:
Quality Concepts
P.O. Box 88106
Sioux Falls, SD 57105
(605) 338-1476
__________________________________________________
Name
__________________________________________________
Company
___________________________________ ____________
Phone
__________________________________________________
Address
_______________________________ ______ _________
City State Zip
Number of copies ____________ Payment _________
Check here if educational institution _____
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