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nmjr9402.txt
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1997-09-22
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Note: PMA = Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association
NoMajors.EXE designs one-, two-, and three-stage "trinomial" acceptance
sampling plans for detecting MINOR defects, assuming that observance of
a single MAJOR defect also results in lot rejection. For example, the
USP Capsule sampling plan calls deviations from target of between 25%
and 35% minor nonconformances, while deviations greater than 35% are
major. Highly portable C-language source code is included; no graphics.
TABLE-OF-CONTENTS
=================
NoMajors.EXE.................................Executable Module
NoMajors.IN............................ASCII Batch Input Files
NoMajors.CSV................................ASCII Output Files
PROMPTS and DEFAULTS..................Minimum & Maximum Values
NUMERICAL EXAMPLES..............Schilling, Acceptance Sampling
NoMajors.C..............................C-language Source Code
*********************************************************************
NoMajors.EXE
NoMajors calculates the expected percentage of acceptable lots
in single, double, or triple stage TRINOMIAL sampling in which
acceptance implies that NO MAJOR Nonconformances were observed.
Testing of each unit sampled is assumed to yield one of three
possible results...
Observance of a Conformance to Specification
(say, within 25% of a target value), or
Observance of a Minor Nonconformance
(say, deviation from target by 25% to 35%), or
Observance of a Major Nonconformance
(say, deviation from target by more than 35%).
Furthermore, NoMajors assumes that...
the observance of a single MAJOR Nonconformance implies
rejection of the lot, and
NoMajors.EXE, ver 9402 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 2 of 5
a one, two, or three stage acceptance sampling plan for MINOR
Nonconformances will be specified.
NoMajors.EXE is an executable module for IBM-compatible personal
computers. It was compiled using Microsoft C, version 6.00AX
NoMajors.EXE thus provides automatic detection (and use or
emulation) of an 8087/80287/80387 numeric math coprocessor. If
your PC has a math chip, NoMajors should run much faster. If
your PC does NOT have a math chip, NoMajors will still run and
should yield identical numerical results.
For each Total (Major+Minor) Nonconformance Percentage input by
the user, NoMajor calculates the 5 expectated First-Pass Yield
Percentages that would be expected in random sampling from a large
population (trinomial model) when the split between Major and
Minor Nonconformances is...
0% Major vs. 100% Minor,
10% Major vs. 90% Minor,
25% Major vs. 75% Minor,
50% Major vs. 50% Minor and
100% Major vs. 0% Minor.
NoMajors.IN
NoMajors prompts the user to choose between Keyboard (K) and ACSII
Batch file (B) input of sample sizes and accept/reject numbers as
well as input of alternative true values for the underlying
percentage nonconforming in the process.
The format for a NoMajors batch input file is similar to that of
its output (.CSV) files. Each line of the file (except for the
first line giving the output filename) must start with a number,
and only the first number on each line of the batch input file is
actually read. This number may be either an integer or a floating
point number - but must be separated from other information on the
same line by at least one comma or "white" space (blank or tab.)
The example input file distributed with NoMajors is NOMAJORS.IN.
NoMajors.CSV
This is the default filename for the ASCII summary file of inputs
and outputs from NoMajors.EXE. You may specify an alternative
filename for this file when prompted. The filename extension of
.CSV stands for "Comma Separated Values," which puts the output
in a format convenient for importing into a spreadsheet system,
such as Excel, to graph the calculated Operating Characteristic
curve. Each row of the .CSV file is separated into 6 columns by
5 commas. In the expected yields table at the bottom of the file,
NoMajors.EXE, ver 9402 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 3 of 5
Column 1 contains the Total Percentage (Major+Minor) of
nonconforming units in lots incoming for inspection,
Column 2 contains the Expected Yield when those incoming
nonconformances are 0% Majors and 100% Minors.
Column 3 contains the Expected Yield when those incoming
nonconformances are 10% Majors and 90% Minors.
Column 4 contains the Expected Yield when those incoming
nonconformances are 25% Majors and 75% Minors.
Column 5 contains the Expected Yield when those incoming
nonconformances are 50% Majors and 50% Minors.
Column 6 contains the Expected Yield when those incoming
nonconformances are 100% Majors and 0% Minors.
You can read/print this file after the program terminates, so you
do not need to make hand-written notes during NoMajors execution.
And the easiest way to create a NoMajors .IN file is to edit an
existing .CSV or .IN file to use whatever new sampling parameters
and/or process characteristics you desire.
PROMPTS and DEFAULTS
...Type responses to prompts using the number keys along the
top row of the keyboard, and then press the ENTER key.
...If you press the ENTER key without typing a value, your
response will be assigned to the DEFAULT value.
...The prompts are listed below with minimum, default, and
maximum allowed values.
Enter your First Stage Sample Size: n1
Minimum Sample Size = 2
Default Sample Size = 50
Maximum Sample Size = 5,000
Enter your First Stage MINOR Nonconformance Accept Number: a1
Minimum Acceptance Number = -1
(i.e. lot acceptance impossible at stage 1
even if zero nonconformances are observed.)
Default Acceptance Number = 0
Maximum Acceptance Number = min(n1,999)
Enter your First Stage MINOR Nonconformance Reject Number: r1
Minimum Reject Number = max(a1+1,1)
(i.e. single stage sampling)
Default Reject Number = max(a1+1,1)
Maximum Reject Number = n1
NoMajors.EXE, ver 9402 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 4 of 5
Enter your Second Stage Sample Size: n2
Minimum Sample Size = 1
Default Sample Size = 50
Maximum Sample Size = 5,000
Enter your Second Stage MINOR Nonconformance Accept Number: a2
Minimum Acceptance Number = a1
Default Acceptance Number = a1
Maximum Acceptance Number = min(n1+n2,999)
Enter your Second Stage MINOR Nonconformance Reject Number: r2
Minimum Reject Number = a2+1
(i.e. two stage sampling)
Default Reject Number = a2+1
Maximum Reject Number = n1+n2
Enter your Third Stage Sample Size: n3
Minimum Sample Size = 1
Default Sample Size = 50
Maximum Sample Size = 5,000
Enter your Final MINOR Nonconformance Accept Number: a3
Minimum Acceptance Number = r2 - 1
Default Acceptance Number = r2 - 1
Maximum Acceptance Number = min(n1+n2+n3,999)
Specify Testing Efficiency (Percentage):
Minimum Testing Efficiency = 10%
Default Testing Efficiency = 100%
Maximum Testing Efficiency = 100%
YIELD Calculations...
...The user is repeatedly prompted to specify total (major+
minor) nonconformance percentages of units within lots.
These are the values of quality Total % Nonconforming
incoming to the acceptance sampling inspection.
...Enter values between 0.0% and 100.0%.
...Enter any negative value (say, -1) for % Total
Nonconforming to halt execution of NoMajors.EXE.
...NoMajors.EXE will calculate the "Yield Percentage"
corresponding to 5 splits of this total incoming %
percentage between major and minor nonconformances.
These Yield %s are 100 times the corresponding Probability
of Lot Acceptance, which defines the Operating
Characteristic Curve for the Trinomial Sampling Plan.
NoMajors.EXE, ver 9402 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 5 of 5
NoMajors.C
This is an ASCII file of C-language source code for NoMajors. The
only external functions called by NoMajors are the logarithm and
exponential functions, so the code should be highly portable. For
example, to compile and run the program on a VAX under VMS, upload
NoMajors.C to the VAX in ASCII mode and enter the commands...
VAX Prompt> cc nomajors
VAX Prompt> link nomajors
VAX Prompt> run nomajors
*********************** End of NoMajors.DOC *************************