Simtel MSDOS - Coast to Coast

home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search

/ Simtel MSDOS - Coast to Coast / simteldosarchivecoasttocoast2.iso / flowchrt / atk18ibm.zip / EXERCISE.TXT < prev next >

Wrap

Text File | 1994-02-08 | 28KB | 861 lines

----------------------------------- / A N A L Y S T T O O L K I T / / E X E R C I S E B O O K / ----------------------------------- || || \/ --------------------------------------------------------- / Copyright (C) Chinook Software Group 1994 / / all rights reserved / --------------------------------------------------------- || || || \/ ========================== / Chinook Software Group / / P.O. Box 24536 / / Denver, CO. 80224 / ========================== ======================================================== / This tool suite enables a user to perform top-down / / system specification using the Structured Analysis / / Methodology ( Data Flow Diagrams ). Diagrams are / / entered and manipulated graphically, but stored in / / textual form for easy access by other tools. Support / / is provided for data dictionary generation and / / analysis, as well as for analysis of the DFDs. / ======================================================== *** NOTICE: PLEASE READ *** This document is a companion to the SHAREWARE CHINOOK Software ATK product's tutorial. An attempt has been made to cover most of the day-to-day usage of the tool in this set of exercises, and to give it a step- by-step, cookbook feeling. We welcome feedback as to its organization and usefulness, and hope to improve this workbook in future releases. Exercises do build upon the skills in earlier exercises. We recommend that they be worked in order. When you complete them all, you should have learned enough about the tool to draw your own DFDs. The exercises do not cover all aspects of ATK, or even all of GED. When many ways are available to perform a task, only one is presented. Control flow usage is left out of these exercises, as is user-customization of the CONFIG.GED file, as is the use of ANAL, DDBUILD, DDEVAL, and other tools. Information on these topics, and others, can be found in the Tutorial and in the files in the DOC directory. This document and the attendant software is provided as-is and without warranty as to correctness or suitability for any specific application. The CHINOOK SOFTWARE GROUP disclaims any responsibility for the use or misuse of this software by any individual or entity, for any purpose whatever. If you find ATK instructive and useful, registering your copy with us for $35 will go a long way toward allowing its authors to continue its development. In return, you will be placed on our mailing list to receive information about future releases and other products. In addition, you will be given special consideration with regard to future releases of ATK, and will be sent additional documentation including detailed file formats, evaluation rules, and reference pages for all functions. The asking price of $35 represents more than an order of magnitude price break when compared with similar products currently available. Your support is both needed and appreciated. Please send your contribution to: The Chinook Software Group P.O. Box 24536 Denver, CO. 80224 ATK Exercises Table of Contents Exercise 1: Entering and exiting GED ....................1 Exercise 2: Getting and clearing GED messages ...........2 Exercise 3: Visiting child processes and minispecs ......4 Exercise 4: Modifying a DFD .............................6 Exercise 5: Printing a DFD ..............................9 Exercise 6: Starting from scratch -- a new DFD .........11 Exercise 1: Entering and exiting GED The goal of this exercise is just to ensure you understand the keystrokes necessary to enter and exit the graphics editor. Step 1: Starting GED From the DOS command line, with the current directory set to the place where the ATK executables (.EXE files) are, type GED -psamples1 and press the Enter key You should see a context diagram with the number -1, one process circle, and some other items on the screen. Step 2: Playing in GED You should be able to move your cursor by either moving your mouse (if installed) or by using the arrow keys. To make small adjustments in the cursor position, use the h, j, k, and l keys to move left, down, up, and right respectively. You should be able to press any of the create keys (Alt-E, Alt-P, Alt-S, Alt-F, ") or the move key (F4) and see changes in the diagram. Rather than completing any of these actions, you should press the cancel key (Esc) to leave the diagram alone. Step 3: Exiting GED Press Exit (Alt-X) to exit the diagram. If you did not make any permanent changes, you will be prompted with Sure you want to exit? A return or a "y" response will return you to the DOS prompt. You will find you are back in the same directory you started from. Congratulations! You have entered and exited the graphics editor! GED Exercises 1 Version 1.08 Exercise 2: Getting and clearing GED messages GED displays a number of messages to the user, always at the bottom of the screen, in the last 2 lines of the drawing window. Since these two lines are also used for displaying the number and title of the diagram, the messages must be cleared from time to time. Step 1: Start GED Do this the same way you did it in Exercise 1. Step 2: Get an error message Press the Parent key (shift-F9). You should see the messages Diagram has no parent and (Next action will clear message) in the message area of the screen. Press the space bar to show that any action, even an action that is ignored, will clear the message and restore the diagram name and number to the bottom of the screen. Press the Move key (F4) with the cursor not located near any object in the diagram. You should see the messages No moveable object at current location and (Next action will clear message) in the message area of the screen. Press the Create Process key (Alt-P). You should see the messages Cannot create process on context diagram and (Next action will clear message) in the message area. From now on, we will not mention the (Next action will clear message) notification, since it is common to every message. Step 3: Get an informational message Press the Move key (F4) with the cursor located over an object in the diagram. Note the change in the cursor style as the object and all its connecting flows have disappeared. Press the Cancel key (Esc) to cancel the move process. The informational message Move cancelled should appear in the message area, and the cursor will change back to an arrow. Press the Create Flow key (Alt-F) to begin creating a flow. The informational message Flow from XXX (NEW) will appear in the message area, where XXX is the type of object under the cursor (or Boundary Point if no object is under the cursor), and the cursor will change into a "ground" symbol. Move the cursor over a process or external and press the Flow key (Alt-F) again. The informational message now reads Name GED Exercises 2 Version 1.08 Flow from XXX to YYY (NEW). Press cancel (Esc) to cancel the creation of the new flow. Step 4: Exit GED If you are not going on to exercise 3 at this time, you may exit GED (Alt-X). Congratulations! You have now seen how many of GED's messages are displayed! GED Exercises 3 Version 1.08 Exercise 3: Visiting child processes and minispecs Step 1: Start GED Do this just like step 1 of exercise 1. Step 2: Visit the child of process 0 Move the cursor until it is inside the process 0 circle. Press the Visit Child key (F9 or mouse left button). You should now see diagram 0, whose title is the same as the name of process 0 in the parent diagram. The processes in this diagram are numbered 1, 2, etc. If you got the message Save diagram -1? then you have changed the context diagram in some way, and are being asked whether those changes should be saved or discarded. To be safe, answer "no" to discard the changes. Step 3: Return to the parent and back again Without moving the cursor, press the Visit Parent key (shift- F9 or mouse right button) to return to the context diagram. Press the Visit Child key (F9 or mouse left button) to return to the child diagram (0). Step 4: Continue down the tree Move the cursor over process 2 and press Visit Child (F9 or mouse left button). You should now have diagram 0.2 on the screen. Move the cursor over process 3 and press Visit Child (F9 or mouse left button). You should now have diagram 0.2.3 on the screen. Note that on some diagrams, you may see the text terminate with a diamond or a block shape. This indicates that the text has been truncated to fit in the object. Later, we will see how resizing the object may allow all the text to be visible. Step 5: See a minispec Move the cursor over process 1 and press Visit Minispec (Alt- F9). This will bring up a text editor loaded with the minispec description of process 1 of diagram 0.2.3. The default text editor is EDLIN, which is a primitive line editor delivered with every version of DOS since 2.0. The user can easily change this in the CONFIG.GED configuration file to a screen editor such as EDIT. GED Exercises 4 Version 1.08 For EDLIN, you can use the l command (lowercase ell) to list the file, and the q command to quit editing and return to GED, right where you left off! Also, note that if you press Visit Child on a process that has a minispec, GED will assume you wish to decompose the process into a child DFD. You will be prompted Delete Minispec?. If you do not wish to delete the minispec to create a child diagram, press "n" or cancel (Esc) at this point to cancel creation of the child diagram and deletion of the minispec. Step 6: Exit GED If you are not going on to exercise 4 at this time, you may exit GED (Alt-X). Congratulations! You are now a DFD navigator! GED Exercises 5 Version 1.08 Exercise 4: Modifying a DFD Step 1: Start GED Do this the same way you did it in Exercise 1. Step 2: Get to diagram 0.2.3 Use the techniques you learned in Exercise 3 to accomplish this. Step 3: Enlarging and shrinking objects Sometimes objects are not the proper size for display--we wish to declutter the diagram, or wish a longer name to be visible. Enlarging and shrinking objects in ATK is done with the greater than (>) and less than (<) keys. Enlarge the "Perform Optimization" process by placing the cursor over this process and pressing the less than (<) key a few times. Notice the process get slightly larger and the words rearrange themselves to fit the new space. The process started smaller (like the left end of the <) and became larger (like the right end of the <). Similarly, shrink the process with the long name at the top of the diagram. Notice how the words are rearranged, and how a diamond or block appears at the end of the word when it is truncated. Step 4: Renaming an object That long name on the process at the top of the diagram is unwieldy! Let's fix it! Place the cursor over the process with the long name. Press the Name key (F2). Notice that the prompt at the bottom asks for a new name. You may either type in a new name, or copy parts of the name that is already there. The left arrow key and the F1 key will copy one character of the old name (just like on the DOS command line). To copy a word, I can press F2 and then space (copy up until the next space), just like in DOS. I can even press F3 and copy the whole old name into the new name! For this exercise, let's copy the first 4 words (F2 space F2 space F2 space F2 space). You should see Map parse tree to. Now delete the next word (F4 space). Finally, copy the remaining word (F3). You should see Map parse tree to code. Press return to accept the new name. Notice that the process has resized itself to accomodate the new name. You may wish to adjust it to your liking by enlarging or shrinking the process. GED Exercises 6 Version 1.08 Step 5: Moving things around. Flow names are moved just like any other object. Put the cursor over a flow name, and press the Move key (F4). Move the T cursor to where you wish the name to be, and press Move again (F4). Move the items connected to the flow around to see how the flow name moves relative to the other objects. Now, let's move a Flow! This will create a new route point, effectively bending the line where you want it to go. Place the cursor on a flow, but not too close to a flow name or other object. Press the Move key (F4). Notice that the flow is undrawn, and a "ground" symbol indicates where to put the route point. Press the Move key (F4) again when you have the cursor where you wish the route point to be. Move some items around again, and notice that route points are stationary; they do not move when other objects move. Step 6: Deleting things We will leave creating things for exercise 6; but here we will look a bit at deleting things. Position your cursor over your route point. If your flow name is very nearby, you may wish to move it away first. Press the Delete key (F10). The message Delete flow splitter(1)? appears in the message window. If you press "Y", the flow splitter will be deleted, and the line will straighten. Now try something more substantial--process 3. When you position your cursor over process 3 and press the Delete key (F10), the message Delete process (3)? appears in the message window. If process 3 had any children or a minispec under it, the prompt would be appropriately modified (try this on process 1!). When you press "Y", the process and all the flows in and out of it are deleted. Step 7: Recovering from an error Oops! We really didn't want to delete that process! What can we do? Fortunately, you can recover to the point you last saved the DFD, either when exiting from another session or by pressing the Save key (F6). In this case, press the Abort key (shift-F6), and respond "y" to the prompt Sure you want to abort?, and the diagram will look just like it did at the beginning of the exercise! The moral is, save when you have a pretty stable base to work from! GED Exercises 7 Version 1.08 Step 8: Exit GED If you are not going on to exercise 5 at this time, you may exit GED (Alt-X). Congratulations! You can rearrange DFDs to your liking! GED Exercises 8 Version 1.08 Exercise 5: Printing a DFD This exercise goes through the basic DOS methods of printing a DFD. There are also Windows 3.1 tools available to import ATK DFDs into Word for Windows, Powerpoint, and other programs; using this method, the diagrams can be scaled and printed on any printer that Windows supports. Step 1: Check your configuration You must be in DOS for this step, not in GED. More detailed instructions for configuration are in PRINTING.DOC in the DOC directory under the ATK base directory. If you have an Epson printer or compatible, go to step 1a; if you have an HP printer or compatible, go to step 1b; if you have a Postscript printer, go to step 1c; otherwise, check the notes in PRINTING.DOC and skip to step 2 when you are properly configured. Step 1a: If you have an Epson printer, find out what printer port it is on. This is usually LPT1: (or PRN:). The rest of these instructions assume it is LPT1:; if it is not, substitute the correct device each time you see LPT1:. These lines must be in your CONFIG.GED file: PRINTER TYPE=epson PRINTER MODE=-2 PRINTER PORT=LPT1: Ensure that no other PRINTER lines are farther down in the file! Go to Step 2. Step 1b: If you have an HP printer, find out what printer port it is on. This is usually LPT1: (or PRN:). If your printer is on a COM port (COM2, often), then type the line MODE LPT1:=COM2: at the DOS prompt, and then use LPT1 as the Printer port. These lines must be in your CONFIG.GED file: PRINTER TYPE=hp PRINTER MODE=-2 PRINTER PORT=LPT1: Ensure that no other PRINTER lines are farther down in the file! Go to Step 2. Step 1c: If you have a Postscript printer, you will be printing diagrams using GEDPS. Determine the diagram you wish to print, say 0.2.3, and issue the DOS command GEDPS -f tmp.ps 0.2.3 to place diagram 0.2.3 in Postscript format into the file tmp.ps. You can print the file by using the DOS command COPY tmp.ps LPT1: if your printer is on parallel port 1, or if you've redirected GED Exercises 9 Version 1.08 LPT1 to a serial port (say, COM2) with the DOS command MODE LPT1:=COM2: If your printer is on a serial port, and the previous step does not work properly (nothing prints), use the DOS command PS tmp.ps to print the file. PS supports flow control to serial ports. You are done, so go on to exercise 6! Step 2: Start GED Do this the same way you did it in Exercise 1. Step 3: Select the diagram to print Do this the same way you navigated in Exercise 3. Step 4: Invoke the print routine Use the Print key (control-P) to begin the printing process. Notice that the screen is redrawn and the cursor is made invisible. The cursor will return automatically when the printing process is completed. Check your output for proper sizing and scaling; check PRINTING.DOC to see what adjustments are available to make the printout more to your liking. Step 5: Exit GED If you are not going on to exercise 6 at this time, you may exit GED (Alt-X). Congratulations! You can now make hardcopy of your work! GED Exercises 10 Version 1.08 Exercise 6: Starting from scratch -- a new DFD Step 1: Start GED Do this the same way you did it in Exercise 1. Step 2: Locate to diagram 0.2.3 Do this the same way you did it in Exercise 3. Step 3: Go to the child of process 2 Press the Child key (F9) when the cursor is located over process 2. Press the space bar to clear the message on the message line. Notice that the In and Out flows to the process show up on the otherwise blank diagram as Description objects. Description objects can convey comments or information on your diagrams, but are otherwise not checked or parsed or used in the data dictionary. Step 4: Create some stuff Add 3 processes--one called Encode sequence, one called Map to real registers, and one called Emit machine code. A process is added by moving the cursor to where the center of the process should be, pressing the Create Process key (Alt-P) and typing in the name of each process. The process can be enlarged if necessary by the methods described in Exercise 4. Add 2 stores--one called Code Fragments, and the other called Op Codes. Stores are added by moving the cursor to where the center of the store should be, pressing the Create Store key (Alt-S), and typing in the name of each store. You may wish to move them around later. Add a flow from near the left edge of the diagram to the Encode sequence store, and give it the name Optimized parse trees. A flow is added by moving the cursor to the starting object and pressing the Create Flow key (Alt-F) then moving to the ending object and pressing the Create Flow key again, and finally typing in the name of the flow. The flow can be adjusted in the manner described in Exercise 4. Add a flow from Encode sequence to Map to real registers. Before pressing the final flow, add a route point by pressing the Create Route key (Alt-R or mouse right button). Add several if you wish. Note that the Cancel key (Esc) will remove the most recently created route point. Name the flow sequenced-code. Note that the name is located on the first route point. Add a flow from Code Fragments to Encode sequence. Leave this flow unnamed (flows to or from stores are assumed to be GED Exercises 11 Version 1.08 structured like the store). This is done by pressing return when prompted for a flow name. Add a flow from Emit machine code to Map to real registers. Name it register-mapped code. Oops! It's going in the wrong direction! Let's get that fixed. Place the cursor over the flow, and press the Toggle key (shift-F5) until the flow has a single arrow pointing to Emit machine code. Add a flow from Op Codes to Emit Machine code. Leave it unnamed. Add a flow from Emit Machine code to a point near the right boundary. Name this flow machine code. Step 5: Save your work Press the Save key (F6) to put your work on this diagram on disk. Step 6: Exit GED Exit GED (Alt-X). Congratulations, graduate! You can use all of GED's basic functions!