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dvi(1L) UNIX Programmer's Manual dvi(1L) NAME dvieps - TeX DVI to Epson translator SYNOPSIS dvieps [-a] [-b] [-c#] [-d#] [-e_V_A_R=_v_a_l_u_e]... [-f_f_o_n_t_s_u_b_f_i_l_e] [-l] [-m#] [-o#]... [-o#:#]... [-o#:#:#]... [-p] [-q] [-r#] [-s#] [-v] [-x#_u_n_i_t_s] [-y#_u_n_i_t_s] [-z] dvifile1 [ dvifile2]... DESCRIPTION Dvieps expects the name of the DVI file on the command line, and the extension ._d_v_i can always be omitted. As illus- trated below, it issues a one-line identifier message and, if no command line arguments are given, types a Unix-style _u_s_a_g_e message. The output file will be given the name of the ._d_v_i file, but with suffix ._e_p_s. As each ._d_v_i file is processed, a list of errors is printed on the standard error unit, _s_t_d_e_r_r; this list is also saved in a file with suffix ._e_r_r. This file is not created if there are no errors. As each page is printed, the physical page number and the TeX page number(s) are printed without a following character return; after the last page, the string ``[OK]'' is printed, followed by a newline. This gives a convenient progress report to the terminal. If it is not wanted, then the error output can be suppressed with the -q (quiet) option. OPTIONS The order of command options and DVI file names is _n_o_t sig- nificant; all switch values apply to all DVI files. DVI files are processed in order from left to right. Letter case is _i_g_n_o_r_e_d in option switches: -A and -a are equivalent. -a Implement virtual font caching, if possible. When a font file is opened, a buffer is allocated to contain the entire file, and the file is then read with one system call. This is important primarily on networked file systems, where the many random-access calls in the font file for small amounts of data entail substantial network overhead. With the entire file cached in local memory, this overhead is removed. The additional memory required for the font file buffers amounts to Printed 12/31/87 21 October 1987 1 dvi(1L) UNIX Programmer's Manual dvi(1L) 100K to 200K bytes (assuming the compact ._p_k font file format), which is not excessive. If memory cannot be allocated for a font file, then normal buffering of small blocks is used. A trace option (-d64) is pro- vided to monitor the font caching; see below. -b Backwards order printing from the default. For exam- ple, laser printers using the Canon LBP-CX print engine normally receive pages in reverse order because they stack printed side up. Some have page handling mechanisms that stack them face down, and in such a case -b will ensure that they come out in order 1, 2, ... instead of n, n-1, n-2, ... -c# Print # copies of each output page. Page copies are printed consecutively; this does _n_o_t give multiple col- lated copies of the entire job. -d# Produce debugging output on _s_t_d_e_r_r if a non-zero value is given. Multiple -d switches may be specified, and one may also add values of the following possible options to obtain the switch value: _2 display page coordinates and metrics of each out- put character, and print each character bitmap in hexadecimal; _8 print filename and open mode of each _s_u_c_c_e_s_s_f_u_l file opening; _1_6 print filename and open mode of each _u_n_s_u_c_c_e_s_s_f_u_l file opening; _3_2 show discarded off-page text; _6_4 trace virtual font caching; _1_2_8 trace character setting (_l_o_t_s of output). For example, either -d8 -d16 or -d24 will trace all attempted file openings. -eVAR=value Define an environment variable on the command line (see the later section ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES). The accept- able values for _V_A_R are _D_V_I_H_E_L_P, _F_O_N_T_L_I_S_T, _T_E_X_F_O_N_T_S, and _T_E_X_I_N_P_U_T_S. Under normal use of the translators, these can be set by MS-DOS set VAR=value commands. -f_f_o_n_t_s_u_b_f_i_l_e Define an alternate font substitution file which is to be used instead of the default ones (see below). Printed 12/31/87 21 October 1987 2 dvi(1L) UNIX Programmer's Manual dvi(1L) -l Inhibit logging. -m# Reset magnification to #. The default for low resolu- tion printers is -m603, corresponding to 1/1.2^5 mag- nification of 300-dot/inch fonts. By TeX conventions, magnification 1000 corresponds to a 200-dot/inch output device. The default magnification is always adjusted according to the output device resolution in order to give a normal page size, so this parameter should rarely be required. Legal values are int((1000 or 1440 or 1500) x 1.2^(k/2) [k = -16 ... 16]; other values will be set to the nearest in this family. Not all fonts will be available in this wide range, and most installations will probably have only a half dozen or so magnifications. Magnification values less than 25 are taken to be a TeX magstep parameter which is applied to the standard mag- nification for that device. For example, -m-0.5 selects a smaller size, and -m2 selects a size 1.44 times larger than normal. -o# _o_r -o#:# _o_r -o#:#:# Specify a page number, or range of page numbers, to be selected for output. In the third form, the last number is the page number step size; it is normally 1. This option may be specified any number of times. If it is not specified, then all pages will be printed. Pages are numbered in order 1, 2, 3, ... in the file, but any page number recorded by TeX on the printed page will in general be different. Negative page numbers count backward; -1 is the last page in the document, -2 the second last page, and so on. As pages are selected for printing, [#{#} will be printed on _s_t_d_e_r_r, where the first # is the sequential page number in the file, and the second # is a string of values of the TeX counters, \count0 through \count9, separated by dots, with trailing zero counters dropped. \count0 usually records the printed page number. When the page is completely output, a closing ] will be printed on _s_t_d_e_r_r. Any error messages from processing of that page will therefore occur between the square brackets. For example, -o1:3 -o12 -o17:23 -o-3:-1 would select pages 1, 2, 3, 12, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23, plus the last three pages. Pages are processed in the order found in the DVI file; there is intentionally no attempt made to sort them according to the \count0 values, since different macro packages may use this counter for different purposes, and in the case of floating tables and figures, the Printed 12/31/87 21 October 1987 3 dvi(1L) UNIX Programmer's Manual dvi(1L) pages may not be in order anyway. Pages will always be printed in an order appropriate for the device so that the first document page occurs first face up in the document stack; the -b option can be used to reverse this order. For example, some Hewlett-Packard LaserJet Plus printers are equipped with a page flipper which stacks output face down; for these, the -b option will ensure that the pages come out in the expected order. Specification of a page number step size is useful for producing duplex (two-sided) printing. For example, with laser printers using the Canon LBP-CX engine, the first run could specify -o1:9999:2, which would stack output face up, beginning with the last page, and end- ing with page 1 on top. The printed pages can then be reinserted in the input tray _f_a_c_e _u_p, page 1 on the top, exactly as they were found in the output tray, with the top of the page in the tray closest to the end which is inserted first into the printer. A second run with -b -o2:9999:2 would then print pages 2, 4, ..., on the backs of pages 1, 3, ...; note the -b option to get backwards order on the second run. -p Inhibit font preloading. This may produce output a few seconds earlier when all pages are output, but should have negligible effect on the execution time, and con- sequently, should normally not be specified. When individual pages are being printed with the -o# option, preloading is necessary (and will be forced) to ensure that all fonts are defined before they are referenced. -q Quiet mode. Status displays to _s_t_d_e_r_r are suppressed, unless warning or error messages are issued. For interactive devices (_d_v_i_b_i_t), warning messages are suppressed. -x#_u_n_i_t_s The -x options specify the left margin of the TeX page on the output page in any of the indicated units. Letter case is not significant in the units field, which must _n_o_t be separated from the number by any space. # may be fractional. For example, -x1.0in, -x2.54cm, -x72.27pt, and -x6.0225pc all specify a one- inch left margin. Negative values are permissible, and may be used to shift the output page left (possibly truncating it on the left) in order to display a wide Printed 12/31/87 21 October 1987 4 dvi(1L) UNIX Programmer's Manual dvi(1L) TeX page. The _u_n_i_t_s field is mandatory, and may be one of bp big point (1in = 72bp) cc cicero (1cc = 12dd) cm centimeter (1in = 2.54cm) dd didot point (1157dd = 1238pt) in inch mm millimeter (10mm = 1cm) pc pica (1pc = 12pt) pt point (72.27pt = 1in) sp scaled point (65536sp = 1pt) -y#_u_n_i_t_s The -y options specify the top margin of the TeX page on the output page. Letter case is not significant in the units field, which must _n_o_t be separated from the number by any space. # may be fractional. For exam- ple, -y1.0in, -y2.54cm, -y72.27pt, and -y6.0225pc all specify a one-inch top margin. Negative values are permissible, and may be used to shift the output page up (possibly truncating it on the top) in order to display a long TeX page. By decree of the Stanford TeX Project, the default TeX page origin is always 1 inch over and down from the top-left page corner, even when non-American paper sizes are used. This corresponds to the switch set- tings -x1in -y1in; these values are assumed unless overridden. If no -f_f_o_n_t_s_u_b_f_i_l_e option is given, and font substitution is required, if the current DVI file is _f_o_o._d_v_i, then the files _f_o_o._s_u_b, _t_e_x_f_o_n_t_s._s_u_b, and _t_e_x_i_n_p_u_t_s:_t_e_x_f_o_n_t_s._s_u_b will be tried in order. The first two will be found on the current directory, and the last is the system default. This gives the option of document-specific, user-specific, and system-specific substitutions, and the -f option allows all of these to be overridden. Font substitution lines have the form: % comment Printed 12/31/87 21 October 1987 5 dvi(1L) UNIX Programmer's Manual dvi(1L) oldname.oldmag -> subname.submag % comment oldname oldmag -> subname submag % comment oldname -> subname % comment Examples are: % These provide replacements for some LaTeX invisible fonts: iamr10 1500 -> amr10 1500 % comment iamr10.1500 -> amr10.1500 % comment iamssb8 -> amssb8 % comment The first two forms request substitution of a particu- lar font and magnification. The third form substitutes an entire font family; the closest available magnification to the required one will be used. Any dots in the non- comment portion will be converted to spaces, and therefore, cannot be part of a name field. The first matching substitution will be selected, so magnification-specific substitutions should be given first, before family substitutions. Comments are introduced by percent and continue to end-of- line, just as for TeX. One whitespace character is equivalent to any amount of whitespace. Whitespace and com- ments are optional. SPECIALS The TeX \special{} command is intended to allow the specifi- cation in a ._t_e_x file of a request to the DVI driver, usu- ally for the insertion of graphical material at that point in the document. It is currently not implemented for dvieps. ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES The behavior of the DVI translators can be influenced by definition of environment variables in MS DOS. Compiled-in internal defaults will be provided for any of these which are not defined. They _m_u_s_t be entirely in upper-case, since that is conventional on Unix systems. The names currently recognized are as follows: DVIHELP This variable defines an alternate help string which is typed when the user makes an input error. It should direct the user to addi- tional documentation. For example, it might be ``type d:\tex\dvi.hlp''. FONTLIST Normally, the drivers are prepared to search Printed 12/31/87 21 October 1987 6 dvi(1L) UNIX Programmer's Manual dvi(1L) first for ._p_k, then ._g_f, then ._p_x_l font files. This variable can be used to change this search order, or remove one or more of the possibili- ties. It is expected to contain at least one of the strings ``PK'', ``GF'', or ``PXL'', possibly separated by arbitrary punctuation and other text. This flexibility is necessary because some operating systems expect environment variables to conform to some syntax, such as that of a file name. Letter case is _n_o_t significant. Some acceptable strings are ``PXL-then-PK-then-GF'', ``pk.gf'', ``use-only-PXL-fonts'', and ``PXL/GF/PK''. FONTDIR This defines the directory path for finding font files. Its value is _p_r_e_p_e_n_d_e_d to the name of a TeX font to get a full file specification. A typical value in for _F_O_N_T_D_I_R would be _d:\_t_e_x\_f_o_n_t_s\_p_k\. TEXINPUTS This defines the directory path for finding files which are not in the current working directory. It is _p_r_e_p_e_n_d_e_d to file names. A typical value would be _d:\_t_e_x\_i_n_p_u_t_s\. IBM PC CAVEATS PC DOS by default has only a small number of available open files, and this number is not adequate for the drivers with the value of five for _M_A_X_O_P_E_N set in _m_a_c_h_d_e_f_s._h. You need to increase the limits by entering the lines FILES=10 BUFFERS=10 in the _c_o_n_f_i_g._s_y_s file in the boot directory, then reboot the system to have the new values take effect. Larger values are of course possible, though _F_I_L_E_S=_2_0 is the limit with current versions of PC DOS. Run-time performance can be quite sensitive to these settings, so you may wish to experiment. If there is no _c_o_n_f_i_g._s_y_s file, or the settings of _F_I_L_E_S and _B_U_F_F_E_R_S are too small, you will find the disk whirring madly while the driver attempts to open font files with neighbor- ing magnifications, and then it will finally die with a mes- sage _u_n_a_b_l_e _t_o _o_p_e_n ._e_r_r _f_i_l_e. Use of the -d24 option may be useful in tracking how many files can successfully be opened. The drivers have been loaded with the default Datalight floating-point library; the compiler generates calls to Printed 12/31/87 21 October 1987 7 dvi(1L) UNIX Programmer's Manual dvi(1L) library routines which test a flag initialized at startup time which indicates the presence or absence of the floating-point coprocessor chip. If it is available, the library routines will automatically use it. FILES The values of _t_e_x_i_n_p_u_t_s: and _t_e_x_f_o_n_t_s: below are system- dependent. On MSDOS systems, typical values are _d:\_t_e_x\_i_n_p_u_t_s\ and _d:\_t_e_x\_f_o_n_t_s\_p_k\. *._d_v_i TeX DeVice Independent output file *._e_r_r TeX DVIEPS translator error log *._e_p_s TeX DVIEPS translator output file *._s_u_b DVI file-specific font substitution file _t_e_x_f_o_n_t_s._s_u_b Job-wide font substitution file _t_e_x_f_o_n_t_s:*.*_p_x_l TeX default font rasters _t_e_x_f_o_n_t_s:*.*_g_f TeX default font rasters _t_e_x_f_o_n_t_s:*.*_p_k TeX default font rasters _t_e_x_i_n_p_u_t_s:_t_e_x_f_o_n_t_s._s_u_b System-wide font substitution file ORIGIN This version of DVIEPS was modified from Nelson Beebe's DVI Driver Family version 2.10. Since the bitmap for a full page at 240dpi by 216 dpi requires more memory than avail- able on a 640k system, two passes are made over each page using a half-size bitmap. This gives twice the perform- ance of the swapping scheme previously used. AUTHORS The original author of the DVI driver family is Printed 12/31/87 21 October 1987 8 dvi(1L) UNIX Programmer's Manual dvi(1L) Nelson H.F. Beebe Center for Scientific Computation 220 South Physics Building University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA Tel: (801) 581-5254 EMAIL: Beebe@Science.Utah.Edu (Internet) An active electronic mailing list for news about the DVI driver family development is maintained by the author at the above net address. Send requests there if you wish to be on it. David Fuchs at Stanford University wrote _d_v_i_t_y_p_e in _w_e_b and defined the DVI file format. Mark Senn at Purdue University wrote a preliminary version of the BBN BitGraph driver in C, using _d_v_i_t_y_p_e as a model. Stephan v. Bechtolsheim and Bob Brown at Purdue, Robert Wells at BBN, and Jim Schaad and Richard Furuta at the University of Washington, improved it. Contributions for PostScript devices came from Neal Holtz at Carleton University. Simon Barnes of Schlumberger Cambridge Research Ltd., and Robin Rohlicek at BBN provided useful additions to the BBN BitGraph driver which have been gen- eralized and incorporated in Version 2.07. The transformation to about a dozen other device drivers, the massive code rearrangement for many new features and easy identification of host- and device-dependent sections, plus support for ._p_k and ._g_f compact font files, was carried out at the University of Utah by Nelson H.F. Beebe. He also wrote the documents _A _T_e_X _D_V_I _D_r_i_v_e_r _F_a_m_i_l_y and _U_s_i_n_g _L_a_T_e_X _a_t _t_h_e _U_n_i_v_e_r_s_i_t_y _o_f _U_t_a_h _C_o_l_l_e_g_e _o_f _S_c_i_e_n_c_e _D_E_C-_2_0. The first describes all of these drivers in detail, and the second is the _L_o_c_a_l _L_a_T_e_X _G_u_i_d_e. Lon Willett at Utah adapted _d_v_i_j_e_p to make _d_v_i_i_m_p for the Imagen laser printer family. John Sauter adapted one of the low-resolution printer drivers to produce _d_v_i_l_7_5 for the DEC LA75 printer, and _d_v_i_l_3_p for the DEC LN03 Plus laser printer. Norman Naugle and colleagues at Texas A&M implemented the family on several new systems. Printed 12/31/87 21 October 1987 9