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- Date: Thursday, 24 May 1990 15:34-MDT
- From: rti!dg-rtp!rtpsql0.rtp.dg.com!harrism at mcnc.org
- To: INFO-HAMS@WSMR-SIMTEL20.ARMY.MIL
- Re: MININEC3 Primer (LONG)
-
- Here is some help for new mininec3 users who don't have the manual...
-
- Segments - you need to tell it, for each wire, how many pieces to
- break it up into for the computations. In general, the more segments,
- the better the accuracy, the slower the computations. You should
- typically use an even number of segments.
-
- Pulses - pulses are assigned to portions of the wire based upon the
- number of segments. Chose the pulse (for source or load) based upon
- the endpoint coordinates for each pulse. (Look at the geometry
- output). The pulse will be applied to the middle.
-
- Source pulses are how you feed your antenna. the assigned pulse
- number located where you want to feed it is the source pulse number.
- Normally chose a voltage of 1 volt and a phase of zero degrees
-
- Load pulses - these would correspond to loads such as traps, resistors
- (as in a rhombic), etc. You normally don't have theses.
-
- As an example, take the following wire: (remember - dimensions are
- in meters....)
-
- 0 -5.277 10 5.277 0 10
-
-
- This would be (roughly) a 20 meter dipole at 10 meters high. The
- program will compute the connections based upon the coordinates.
-
- chose the frequency (say 14.2 Mhz).
- enter the wire and specify 10 segments
- use a diameter of, say, .002 meters
-
- Note that pulse number 5 cooresponds to the middle of the antenna.
- (obained from the mininec3 geometry report)
-
- specify pulse 5, 1 volt, 0 degrees for the source
- specify zero load pulses
-
- Tell it to compute currents.
-
- I got an impedence of (77+J40) for this run.
-
- Tell it to compute far field patterns,.....
-
-
- The key is to run it once, with output to disk or printer to get
- the antenna geometry and pulses, and then to run it again once you
- know this info (scrolls by much too quickly)...
-
- A handy aid it to use mnpre to pre format input for mininec3 based upon
- file input. Remember that mnpre takes a xxx.NEC file and generates a
- mininec.INP file (you lose the xxx part ), and mininec3 will *not* ask
- you for geometry input if it finds the MININEC.INP file laying
- around.
-
- The format of the mnpre file is:
-
- GW,,pulses,x1,y1,z1,z2,y2,z2,diameter
-
- with a line for each wire.
-
- thus, the TEST.NEC input file for our sample run would contain the
- following line:
-
- GW,,10,0,-5.277,10,5.277,0,10,.002
-
- Now, part two of the series answers some common questions and hopefully
- fills in all the gaps.
-
-
- ------Real questions and answers follow-------------------------------------
-
- > Fantastic, all is approaching elightenment.
-
- I always get worried when that happens.....
- >
- > Only minor problem is that if I have a "bent" wire, such as an
- > inverted-Vee, do I put that in as TWO wires which have a common end - does
-
- yes. Anything that isn't straight has to be broken into discreet straight wires.
-
- > MININEC assume wires with coincident (X,Y,Z) are in fact connected?
- > And if they are in fact insulated, do I just specify slightly different
- > (X,Y,Z)s ??
-
- yes, and yes.
-
- > Doesn't feel right cos it seems too easy! Will try it in a second! ...
-
-
- > I think I am getting my orientation in free space confused ... which only
- > matters when there is ground --- and when I visualise
- > ZENITH AZIMUTH VERTICAL HORIZONTAL
-
- For the coordinate system, imagine you were looking at the antenna.
- X would be a distance along the ground pointing at you; Y would be a distance
- along the ground pointing 90 degrees from X, and to your right; Z is the
- altitude above ground.
-
- For Zenith, imagine your hand pointing straight up at the sky. Then rotate
- your hand towards the horizon, say 10 degrees. This is a zenith angle of
- 10 degrees. Thus, the horizon is at 90 degrees. (I looked at alot of strange
- pattern plots until I figured this out).
-
- For Azimuth, the angle is the angle between the X axis and a ray rotating
- towards the Y axis (looking down from the (0,0,Z) axis, it rotate counter
- clockwise).
-
-
-
- Z
-
- |
- | <phi>/ Q
- | /|
- | / |
- | / |
- | / |
- | / |
- |/ |
- .______|__________________ Y
- / \ |
- / \ |
- / \ |
- / \ |
- / \ |
- / <theta> \|
- /_____________\
- X
-
-
- where theta is the azimuth angle ane phi is the zenith angle.
- Rotating away from Z towards the point Q is positive zenith angle.
- Rotating away from X counter clockwise is a positive azimuth angle.
-
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Part three concerns connections. While mininec3 will automatically
- compute connections for you, you should check it's geometry output
- to ensure that YOU didn't make any mistakes. You can do this by
- checking the connection data of the geometry output.
-
- A connection value of
-
- zero indicates that the end of the wire isn't connected to
- anything (*yet*).
-
- a negative integer with a magnitude equal to the wire number
- indicates a connection to ground
-
- a negative integer with a magnitude less then the wire number
- indicates a wire junction. Specifically, it indicates
- that this end (end1 for example) is connected to the
- same end (end1 again) of another wire. For mininec3
- this number should be the wire number of the previously
- defined wire that this wire connects to.
-
- a positive integer with a magnitude less then the wire number
- indicates a wire junction. Specifically, it indicates
- that this end (end1 for example) is connected to the
- other end (end2 for example) of another wire. For mininec3
- this number should be the wire number of the previously
- defined wire that this wire connects to.
-
-
- I complemented this by writing a script that takes .NEC files and
- display's them with xgraph. Most errors show up right away!
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- The demand for help hasn't been swamping me, so I'd be glad to
- help people get started (I'm not an expert - I just have the
- manual!) I've been having luck with X-beams and V beams, but
- a friend has been having trouble with "parallel" dipoles.
- Play with it!
-
- Hope this gets you started - good luck!
-
-
- Mike Harris - KM4UL harrism@dg-rtp.dg.com
- Data General Corporation {world}!mcnc!rti!dg-rtp!harrism
- Research Triangle Park, NC
-