Simtel MSDOS 1992 June/SIMTEL_0692.cdr/msdos/editor/gal210a4.arc/GALCH4.GAL

Text File | 1987-08-11 | 31.0 KB | 1,030 lines

.a  lp=12,js=y,ct=n bo=51 te=12 to=90 pn=1 nm=1
.st3,14,1
&dChapter%Four:%%The%Function%Keys .jc
&d[%Chapter%Four%]  .hc
.t36 4 - .zl





            &d4.1%INTRODUCTION  .jr
.st3,11,1 .x-5

     In the first three chapters you used several of the function keys at the
top of the keyboard.  This chapter describes these keys briefly.  Others that
you learn here will give you faster and better editing capabilities.  You can
use these keys in both the Edit and Command modes, but it is probably best to
watch the screen when you edit.

     The function key locations are shown in Figure 1.1 for two typical IBM
compatible computers.  Refer to these if you have any question of what keys are
called the function and special keys.  On the older style keyboard, the numeric
keypad combines the special and numeric keys.

     In Galahad, the function and special keys enable you to edit your text
quickly and easily.  A quick reference to these keys is provided by the cutouts
in Appendix A.  If you have not yet taped the cutouts to your computer, do so
before reading further.



.st3,14,1
        &d4.2%SCREEN%EDITING    .jr
.st3,11,1 .x-5

     Function Keys <%F1%>, <%F2%>, <%F3%>, <%F4%>, <%SHIFT%> <%F1%>, <%SHIFT%>
<%F2%>, and <%SHIFT%> <%F7%>, and Special Keys  <%HOME%> and <%END%> help you
locate the parts of the text you wish to edit and help you make editing
changes.  This section explains the use of these keys.


.st3,12,1
&dBottom/Top:%%%<%END%>%and%<%HOME%>
.st3,11,1
     To move the cursor to the bottom of a text file simply press the <%END%>
key (a special or numeric keypad key).  You can do this no matter where the
cursor is located.  This function is especially useful for adding text to the
end of a long file.


     To get to the top of a text file, simply press the <%HOME%> key.
.g
.rh1,78
.i10

     &p&d1&nabsence
    balance
    calendar
    %....
    %....
    %....
    %....
    wombat
    xylophone
     &p&d2&nzebra   .i

.rh1,78

Figure 4.1: Cursor Location -- <%END%> BOTTOM and <%HOME%> TOP .jc
.i5
&p&d1&nCursor TOP -- <%HOME%>
&p&d2&nCursor BOTTOM -- <%END%>
.i


.st3,12,1
&dReplace:%%%<%F1%>
.st3,11,1

     The REPLACE function searches for occurrences of a word or phrase, called
a "string," and replaces  that "string" with any other string that you specify.

Simply press <%F1%> and the computer responds on the command line at the bottom
of the screen:

.t10 Search:


You respond by typing in the word or phrase you want to replace.  For example

%%Search: airplane  %%%%<%RETURN%>

.t10 Galahad responds with

%%Replace:


You type in the word or phrase you want to replace "airplane" with

%%Replace:  Boeing 747  %%%%<%RETURN%>


.t10 Galahad moves to the first occurrence of the string and responds with

%%Yes, No, Change every match, Quit replace?


     If you enter Y for Yes, Galahad replaces the "search" string (here
"airplane") with the "replace" value (here "Boeing 747") that you typed in, and
moves to the next occurrence of the "search" string.

     If you enter N for No, Galahad leaves the "search" string as it is and
moves to the next occurrence.

     If you enter C for "Change every match," Galahad replaces every occurrence
of the "search" string with the "replace" string.

     If you enter Q for "Quit" the search is terminated.



     The next time you use the search functions F1 through F4, the computer
will remember the last value that you entered.  Thus, in our example, the
computer will say:


.t30 Search [Airplane]:


Type in a new string to search for.




.st3,12,1
&dCenter:%%%<%SHIFT%>%<%F1%>
.st3,11,1
     Often it is convenient to have the line you are working on in the middle
of the screen.  To place it there, put the cursor on the line and press
<%SHIFT%>%<%F1%>.  This allows you to see the lines directly above and below
the one that you are editing.



.st3,12,1
&dFormat:%%%<%SHIFT%>%<%F2%>
.st3,11,1
     The format function formats a paragraph in the edit mode by taking out all
the half lines from a paragraph of text.  It can be used to make the text you
are editing have a more uniform appearance.
.sto3,11,1
It is actually required to have any given paragraph completely formatted
(filled out).  The fact that a paragraph is a single unit of text is how
Galahad is able to know that it should print a uniform paragraph.
.st3,11,1
     To use this function, simply place the cursor somewhere in the paragraph
and press <%SHIFT%> <%F2%>.  Any text falling between blank lines or indented
lines will be arranged in paragraph form (See Figure 4.2)

.g
.rh1,78
.a ll=75 js=n
.i2
Before Format:

.i5
     The coals were reddening.

     Another slice of bread and butter:
three, four:  right. She didn't like
her plate full.  Right.  He turned from
the tray, lifted the kettle off the
hob and set it sideways on the fire.  It sat there, dull and squat, its spout
stuck out.
Cup of tea soon.
Good. Mouth dry.

     The cat walked stiffly round a leg of the table with tail on high.

.i

After Format:

.I3
     The coals were reddening.

     Another slice of bread and butter: three, four:  right. She didn't like .b
her plate full.  Right.  He turned from the tray, lifted the kettle off the hob
.b and set it sideways on the fire.  It sat there, dull and squat, its spout
stuck .b out.  Cup of tea soon.  Good. Mouth dry. .b

     The cat walked stiffly round a leg of the table with tail on high.
.a ll=d js=y; .i
.rh1,78

Figure 4.2:  Before and After Format -- <%SHIFT%> <%F2%>  .JC


.st3,12,1
&dSearch%Previous:%%%<%F2%>
.st3,11,1
     This function moves the cursor up the file to the previous occurrence of a
given string.  For instance, suppose you were about to use the word "coals" in
a file and wanted to see where you had used it above.  The Search Previous
function, <%F2%>, will move the cursor up the file to your last use of "coals."
Repeated use of <%F2%> will move the cursor up the file through use of "coals."


     When you press <%F2%> the computer responds

.t20 Next []:


Type in the string you are looking for.  Press <%RETURN%>


Galahad starts from the line the cursor is on and searches for the last
occurrence of the string.  It moves the cursor to the first character of that
string.  Press <%F2%> <%RETURN%> repeatedly to move up through all occurrences
the string.

     If the computer fails to find a next occurrence of the string, it displays
the message "SSSSS not found," where SSSSS is the string you entered.  Once you
have used the <%F1%> through <%F4%> functions on a text, the string searched
will remain to be searched again until you enter a new string.

.sto3,11,1
NOTE:  In searching for a string, the computer distinguishes among upper case,
lower case, and blanks, so be precise in typing in the string that you want
searched.



.st3,12,1
&dSearch%Next%%%<%F3%>
.st3,11,1
     This function moves the cursor from the line it is on down to the next
occurrence of the word you search for.


     When you press <%F3%> the computer responds

.t20 Next []:


Type in the string you are looking for.  Press <%RETURN%>


Galahad starts from the line the cursor is on and searches down through the
text for the next occurrence of the string you typed in.  It moves the cursor
to the first character of that string.

     If the computer fails to find a next occurrence of the string, it displays
the message "SSSSS not found," where SSSSS is the string you entered.  Once you
have used the <%F1%> through <%F4%> functions on a text, the string searched
will remain to be searched again until you enter a new string.  When you press
<%F3%> you will see something like


.t20 Next [last string entered]:


At this point you can either press <%RETURN%> to search again for "last string
entered" or enter a new string.
.g
.st3,12,1
&dSearch%Top:%%%<%F4%>
.st3,11,1
     The <%F4%> function works in the same way as Search Next, except that the
search begins at the top of the file and moves the cursor to the first
occurrence of the string that you want searched.



.st3,12,1
&dShow%Blanks:%%%<%SHIFT%>%<%F7%>
.st3,11,1
     The <%SHIFT%> <%F7%> function shows any blank spaces existing to the right
of the last character on a line.  This feature is sometimes useful when you are
attempting to align columns in a table or indent a given number of spaces.
<%SHIFT%> <%F7%> is a toggle; to eliminate the space display, simply press
<%SHIFT%> <%F7%> again.  You will see two different marks -- one is for a
'space' and the other for a 'tab'.




.st3,14,1
                    &d4.3%DELETING%FROM%THE%TEXT .JR

.st3,12,1
&dWord%Del%Left:%%%<%F5%>
.st3,11,1 .x-5
     This function deletes the word immediately to the left of the cursor (See
Figure 4.3).   If the cursor is in the middle of a word, any letters to the
left of the cursor will disappear.  A string of blanks immediately to the left
of the cursor is treated as a word.  To delete a word and a blank, you must
depress <%F5%> twice.  In Figure 4.3 (and the rest of the figures in this
chapter) _&h] represents the cursor.

.rh1,78

  Before <%F5%>

       Delete all of_&h]&nthe extra words.
                    &d1
  After <%F5%> (once)

       Delete all _&h]&nthe extra words.
                  &d2
  After <%F5%> (twice)

       Delete all the extra words.
.rh1,78

Figure 4.3:  Using <%F5%> to Delete a Word to the Left of the Cursor .jc

.i5
&p&d1&nAt this cursor position, the word "of" will be deleted.

&p&d2&nAt this cursor position, one blank will be deleted.
.i



.st3,12,1
&dChar%Del:%%%<%F6%>%and%<%DEL%>
.st3,11,1
     This function deletes whatever character or space the cursor is sitting
on.  When the deletion occurs, the line of text to the right of the cursor
moves left one space.  The function key <%F6%> and the Special/Numeric key
<%DEL%> both delete the character under the cursor.



.st3,12,1
&dWord%Del%Right:%%<%F7%>
.st3,11,1
     This function removes the word or space to the immediate right of the
cursor.  If the cursor is in the middle of a word, everything from the cursor
to the end of the word will disappear.




.st3,12,1
&dErase%to%End%Line:%%%<%F8%>
.st3,11,1
     This function removes everything from the cursor to the end of the line,
including the character at the cursor location (See Figure%4.4).

.rh1,78
.i2
.a ll=75
Before <%F8%>
.I6

Sometimes _&h]&nsentences just don't quite work out right the first time that
.b0 you cast them, so it is best to just start over again.  This rule  of
thumb%.%.%.
.i2

After <%F8%>
.i6

Sometimes _&h]&n
you cast them, so it is best to just start over again.  This rule of
thumb%.%.%.   .i
.a ll=d
.rh1,78

Figure 4.4:  Use of <%F8%>, Erase to End Line  .jc
.g
.st3,12,1
&dDeleting%Lines:
.t10 &d<%SHIFT%>%<%DEL%>
.st3,11,1
To delete an entire line of text press <%DEL% while holding down the <%SHIFT%>
key (See Figure 4.5).  The <%DEL%> key is found with the Special/Numeric keys.

.rh1,78
.i3
  Before pressing <%SHIFT%> <%DEL%>

    &p&d1&n&d_S&nimilarly, Sancho, as regards my need of Dulcinea del Toboso,
    she is worth as much to me as any highborn princess on this
    earth.  Not all the poets who praised their ladies under names
    of their own choosing actually had such mistresses.


  After pressing <%SHIFT%> <%DEL%> (once)


    &p&d2&n&d_s&nhe is worth as much to me as any highborn princess on this
    earth.  Not all the poets who praised their ladies under names
    of their own choosing actually had such mistresses.



  After pressing <%SHIFT%> <%DEL%> (twice)

    &d_e&narth.  Not all the poets who praised their ladies under names
    of their own choosing actually had such mistresses.  .i

.rh1,78

Figure 4.5:  Deleting Lines  .jc
.i5
&p&d1&nPlace the cursor at the beginning of the line you wish to delete and
hold down <%SHIFT%> while pressing <%DEL%>.

&p&d2&nThe line disappears and the next line moves up to take its place.  The
entire text moves up.   .i



.st3,12,1
&dDeleting%Blocks%of%Text:%%MARK%BLOCK%%%<%SHIFT%>%<%F9%>
.st3,11,1
     Use this function to delete entire blocks of text, including sentences,
paragraphs, and entire pages.  Place the cursor on the first letter or space
you wish to delete and press <%SHIFT%> <%F9%>.  This marks one end of the block
you wish to delete.  Then move the cursor to a second location in your file and
press <%SHIFT%> <%F9%> again.  All the text between the first and second
locations will be deleted (See Figure%4.6).  To move the cursor from the first
to the second location you can use the arrows and the cursor movement keys,
such as <%HOME%>, <%F3%>, and <%F4%>.

.rh1,78

.i2 Before <%SHIFT%> <%F9%>    .i6
.a ll=73

     It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of
a good fortune must be in want of a wife.  &d1_&h]&nHowever little known the
feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighborhood,
this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he
is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters.
.i2

After first <%SHIFT%> <%F9%>   .I6

First mark

     It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of
a good fortune must be in want of a wife.  &d2_&h]&nHowever little known the
feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighborhood,
this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he
is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters.
_&h]&n&b&d2  .I2


After second <%SHIFT%> <%F9%>
 .i6

     It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of
a good fortune must be in want of a wife. _&h]&n&b&d3  .i

.a ll=d
.rh1,78

Figure 4.6  Deleting a Block of Text  .jc
.i5


&p&d1&nPlace the cursor at the beginning of the block to be deleted.

&p&d2&nThe beginning of the block is indicated by a mark.  Move the cursor to
the end of the block that you wish to delete.

&p&d3&nAfter you press <%SHIFT%> <%F9%> a second time, all the text between the
two marks will be deleted.
.i
.g
.st3,14,1
                    &d4.4%WINDOWS  .jr
.st3,11,1 .x-5




     Chapter Three explains the use of windows.  This section of Chapter Four
simply reviews the function keys used with windows.



.st3,12,1
&dOne%Window--TwoWindows:
.t10 &d<%SHIFT%>%<%F3%>%and%<%SHIFT%>%<%F4%>
.st3,11,1
     To create two windows press <%SHIFT%>%<%F4%>.  If only one file is loaded
in the load buffer then the same file will appear in both windows.  If more
than one file is in the load buffer, then use <%SHIFT%>%<%BACKSPACE%> to change
the file in either window.

     To return to the single window moved press <%SHIFT%>%<%F3%>.




.st3,12,1
&dMoving%Between%Windows:%%%<%SHIFT%>%<%F5%>
.st3,11,1
     When the screen is in the two window mode, you can move the cursor from
the window it is in to the other window by pressing <%SHIFT%>%<%F5%>.  To
return to the original window press <%SHIFT%>%<%F5%> again.  When the cursor
appears in the window, that window becomes active.  This means that all Galahad
editing and command mode functions can be performed on the file displayed in
that window.




.st3,12,1
&dMaking%the%Window%Larger%and%Smaller:%%%<%SHIFT%>%<%F6%>
.st3,11,1
     When the screen is in the two window mode you can make a window larger
(add more screen lines) by pressing <%SHIFT%>%<%F6%>.


     As one window grows the other becomes smaller.  Therefore, you can make
window smaller by
.i5
.u3 1. .t5 Pressing <%SHIFT%>%<%F5%> to move to the other window and then

.u3 2. .t5 Pressing <%SHIFT%>%<%F6%> to make the other window grow.
.i




.st3,14,1
                    &d4.5%ALTERING%THE%TEXT .JR


.st3,12,1
&dMoving%Blocks%of%Text:
.t10 &d<%SHIFT%>%<%F9%>%and%<%SHIFT%>%<F10> .B2
.st3,11,1
     In the previous section we saw how to delete an entire block of text by
using <%SHIFT%> <%F9%>.  Text deleted in this way is held in a temporary
buffer, until the <%SHIFT%> <%F9%> function is invoked again.  This means that
anything deleted can be put back into a file as long as <%SHIFT%> <%F9%> has
not been reused nor the Galahad program restarted.  To put the buffer contents
back into a file simply place the cursor where you want the contents to be
placed and press <%SHIFT%> <F10> (See Figure 4.7).


.rh1,78 .i2
.a ll=75
Before deleting middle sentence with <%SHIFT%> <%F9%>: .i5

     He has refused his assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary
for the public good.
     He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large
districts of people%.%.%.%.
     He has forbidden his Governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing
importance%.%.%.%.   .i2


After deleting middle sentence with <%SHIFT%> <%F9%>:
 .i5
     He has refused his assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary
for the public good.
     He has forbidden his Governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing
importance%.%.%.%.    .i2


After inserting middle sentence with <%SHIFT%> <F10>:  .i5

     He has refused his assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary
for the public good.

      He has forbidden his Governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing
importance%.%.%.%.
     He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large
districts of people%.%.%.%.   .i
.a ll=d
.rh1,78

Figure 4.7:  Moving a Block of Text  .jc
.g
.std3,12,1
PROCEDURE FOR MOVING BLOCKS OF TEXT .JC
.st3,11,1
.i7

.u3 1. Move the cursor to the beginning of the block of text and press
<%SHIFT%> <%F9%>.  (Galahad will put a little symbol in your text there, and
say at the top of the screen "First mark.").

.u3 2. Move the cursor to the end of the text block and press SHIFT <%F9%>
again.  The entire block will disappear from the screen.

.u3 3. Move the cursor elsewhere and insert the text with <%SHIFT%> <%F10%>,
INSERT BLOCK.  .i



.st3,12,1
&dTransposing:%%EXCHANGE%CHAR:%%%<%F9%>
.st3,11,1
     This function is handy for correcting transposition errors, which are
commonly made during typing.  To use this feature place the cursor on a
character.  Press <%F9%> and the character will be exchanged with the character
to its immediate right (See Figure 4.8).


.rh1,78
.i2
Before <%F9%>  .b2 .i6

                    &d1
    The tribes sent th&d_i&ner cheifs. .b2 .i2

After <%F9%>  .b2 .i7
                   &d2
    The tribes sent th&d_e&nir cheifs. .b2  .i2

Before <%F9%> .b2 .i7

    The tribes sent their ch&d_e&nifs. .b2 .i2

After <%F9%> .b2 .i7

    The tribes sent their ch&d_i&nefs.  .i

.rh1,78

Figure 4.8: Using <%F9%> to Exchange Characters  .jc

.i5
&p&d1&nPlace the cursor on the first letter to be transposed.

&p&d2&nThe cursor keeps its original screen position, but the letter under it
is changed.  .i




.st3,12,1
&dCHANGE%CASE:%%%<%F10%>
.st3,11,1
     This function changes the character beneath the cursor to the opposite
case (upper or lower).  If you hold down <%F10%>, it will repeat, moving to the
right (See Figure 4.9).

.rh1,78
.i2
Before <%F10%>:
                                                   &d1
    Common Business Oriented Language is called &d_c&nobol.


After <%F10%> (once):
                                                    &d2
    Common Business Oriented Language is called C&d_o&nbol.


After <%F10%> (twice):

    Common Business Oriented Language is called CO&d_b&nol.


After <%F10%> (five times):

    Common Business Oriented Language is called COBOL._&h]   .i

.rh1,78

Figure 4.9:  Changing Case  .jc

.i5
&p&d1&nPlace the cursor on the letter to be changed and press <%F10%>.

&p&d2&nAfter the case has been changed the cursor moves to the right one
letter.
.i
.sto3,11,1
NOTE:  Use the same procedure to change upper case back to lower.


.n6
.st3,12,1
&dUN-DO%EDIT:%%%<%ALT%>%<%F10%>
.st3,11,1
     If you make a mistake while using keys <%F5%>, <%F6%>, <%F7%>, <%F8%>,
<%F9%>, and <%F10%> to edit a single line of text, then  you can restore your
original text simply by pressing <%ALT%>%<%F10%>.  This feature works only
while the cursor remains on the line that you are editing.  When you move to
another line then the UN-DO EDIT function is reset for the new line.   If you
change several things, all on one line and then, without moving the cursor to a
new line, press <%ALT%>%<%F10%>, all the changes you just made to the line will
be undone simultaneously.

.sto3,11,1
NOTE:  If you use <%ALT%>%<%F10%> when entering a line of text for the first
time, then you will eliminate the entire line that you just entered.





.st3,14,1
                &d4.6%SPECIAL%PRINTING%CHARACTERS .JR
.st3,11,1 .x-5


     Various printers offer special features that are activated by special
control characters inserted  in a text.  A control character is generally
considered to be a non-printing character -- one that does not display on the
keyboard.  However, most printers respond to a mixture of control characters
and ordinary keyboard character to print in special ways under special
circumstances.  The <%CTRL%>%<%F10%> key enables you to enter these characters
in such a way that your printer can interpret them.  Refer to the documentation
that came with your printer to determine what special features it uses, and
what control characters activate these features.

     Examples of control characters are special coding of all the capital
letters on the keyboard.  This means that for each capital letter on the
keyboard there is an associated control character.  If your printer book
mentions Control A, it is discussing the character you get when you press the
<%CTRL%> and <%A%> keys together.  To enter these characters into your text, to
be sent to a printer, Galahad needs to know that you want Control A in the
text, rather than have Galahad act on the <%CTRL%> <%A%>.



.st3,12,1
&dInserting%Special%Printing%Characters%%%<%CTRL%>%<%F10%>
.st3,11,1

     To enter special print characters into your text use the following:

.st3,12,1
         PROCEDURE FOR ENTERING CONTROL CHARACTERS .jc
.st3,11,1
.i10
.u3 1. .t10 Move the cursor to desired position for character.
.u3 2. .t10 Press <%SHIFT%> <%F10%>.
.u3 3. .t10 Enter the desired special character.
.i

EXAMPLE: Shadow Printing on a Juki Printer

     To give just one instance of the use of a special character, let's
consider the Juki printer's shadow printing capability.  Shadow printing is a
fancier way of achieving boldface print.  In shadow printing the Juki prints a
character and then backs up to print it again, shifted just 1/120" the right of
the original.

     To do this for the Juki you must enter <%ESC%> <%W%> into your text.
Everything following these characters will be printed in shadow print in until
the <%ESC%> <=&> is encountered.  The <%ESC%> <=&> sequence ends the shadow
print (See Figure 4.10).  (<%ESC%> is a very much used control character so it
has its own key -- <%ESC%> is actually <%CTRL%> <%[%> (.

.rh1,78



%%In Edit Mode:

    Watch out for the ESCW CAUTION ESC=& sign.


%%Printed on a Juki:

    Watch out for the &dCAUTION sign.

.rh1,78

Figure 4.11: Shadow Print with and with INSERT CHAR (Juki Printer)  .jc

.sto3,11,1
NOTE: For more information on escape codes see the appropriate places in your
printer manual.





.st3,14,1
            &d4.7%INSERTING%TEXT%IN%THE%INSERT%MODE  .jr
.st3,11,1 .x-5

     With Galahad you can insert text anywhere, simply by moving the cursor to
the place where you want the insertion made and typing in your new text.  As
you type, your old text moves ahead making room for new text.  In this section
we will see how to make insertions in another way, one that allows you to write
over old text.  In fact, some word processors always use this format of writing
over any text that appears to the right of the cursor.  If you prefer such a
procedure you can convert Galahad to it simply by pressing the <%INS%> key.
.n6
.st3,12,1
&dThe%Replace%Mode%%%<%INS%>
.st3,11,1
     By pressing the <%INS%> key, you can change Galahad from a word processor
which allows you to insert text anywhere to one which writes over existing text
(See Figure 4.11).  This REPLACE feature is especially useful for replacing
lines that require major revision.  Once you have completed such a revision,
you can restore the INSERT mode by again pressing <%INS%>, which acts as a
two-way (toggle) switch.   You can tell you are in the REPLACE mode by noting
the RC in the lower right of the screen.  When in the INSERT mode the RC is not
shown.

.rh1,78


  Lines before editing:

         It is plain those perceptions are produced in us by interior&p&d1
effects infecting our noses%.%.%.%.


  Lines after editing:

         It is plain those perceptions are produced in us by exterior&p&d2
causes affecting our senses%.%.%.%.

.rh1,78

Figure 4.11:  Using the REPLACE Function to Write Over Words  .jc

.i5

&p&d1&nOur writer, John Locke, wishes to replace the words "interior effects
infecting our noses" with the words "exterior causes affecting our senses." He
simply moves the cursor over the "i" of "infecting," presses <%INS%>, and
writes the replacement phrase over the old text.

&p&d2&nWhen he is through, the writer can again press <%INS%> to return to the
INSERT mode.
.i


.st3,12,1
&dInserting%Lines:%%%<%SHIFT%>%<%INS%>
.st3,11,1
Press the <%SHIFT%>%<%INS%> key to create a new line between two lines of text
(Figure 4.12).  (This function is frequently useful to users who like to edit
in the REPLACE mode.)
.g
.rh1,78

Before pressing <%SHIFT%>%<%INS%>
.i7
    Similarly, Sancho, as regards my need of Dulcinea del Toboso,
    she is worth as much to me as any highborn princess on this
    earth.  Not all the poets who praised their ladies under names
    of their own choosing actually had such mistresses.
.i

After pressing <%SHIFT%>%<%INS%> (once)
.i7
    Similarly, Sancho, as regards my need of Dulcinea del Toboso,
    she is worth as much to me as any highborn princess on this

    earth.  Not all the poets who praised their ladies under names
    of their own choosing actually had such mistresses.
.i

After pressing <%SHIFT%>%<%INS%> (twice)

.i7
    Similarly, Sancho, as regards my need of Dulcinea del Toboso,
    she is worth as much to me as any highborn princess on this


    earth.  Not all the poets who praised their ladies under names
    of their own choosing actually had such mistresses.
.i
.rh1,78

Figure 4.12:  Inserting Lines.  .jc
.i5

&p&d1&nPlace the cursor anywhere on a line and press <%SHIFT%>%<%INS%>.

&p&d2&nThe text will move down opening up one blank line.  The cursor will be
moved to the beginning of the line.

&p&d3&nPress <%SHIFT%>%<%INS%> again and the text moves down a second line.
.i


.st3,14,1
                &d4.8%NO-SPLIT%MODE  .jr
.st3,11,1 .x-5

     Frequently, Galahad is used as an editor for writing programs in computer
languages such as FORTRAN and PASCAL.  In these languages, it is sometimes
necessary to extend the length of your line beyond the 80 characters shown on
the screen.  Ordinarily, Galahad splits long lines; this occurs whenever the
cursor returns automatically to start a new line (without the use of the RETURN
key).  This automatic return (sometimes called wrap-around) can be turned off
with the <%SHIFT%>%<%F8%> key.  You probably will not want to use this key for
word processing.


.st3,12,1
&dTurning%Off%the%Wrap-Around%Feature%%%<%SHIFT%>%<%F8%>
.sto3,11,1

NOTE:  Wrap-around is necessary for ordinary word processing.
.st3,11,1

     To enter more than 80 characters on a line, press <%SHIFT%>%<%F8%>,
SPLIT/NO-SPLIT.  This will allow you to enter as many as 64K characters on one
line.  The line can be viewed in the edit mode as the screen will scroll
horizontally as you move the cursor.  To restore  the wrap-around (automatic
return) mode, press <%SHIFT%>%<%F8%> again; it acts as a 2-way (toggle) switch.

     When in NO-SPLIT mode, Galahad displays the letters NS at the lower right
of the screen.  When in SPLIT mode (wrap-around), no NS message is displayed.

.rh1,78

.rbb6,50
.i13
PRINT, 'THIS FORTRAN LINE EXCEEDS%.%.%.%EIGHTY CHARACTERS'
.u2 C THIS IS A SAMPLE
READ *, VAL1
READ *, VAL2
DIST == VAL1 * VAL2






.reb6,50
.i
.rh1,78

Figure 4.13:  A Line of FORTRAN in NO-SPLIT  .jc

.sto3,11,1
NOTE:  You will find the Shifted Right and Left Arrows helpful to get to the
beginning and end of long lines fast.
.g
.st3,12,1
&dReview%4.1
.st3,11,1

     Review the keys and commands that you learned in this chapter.

.t2,19,40
The function keys:

.t  _Command  .t21 _Key .t44 _Comment

.t MoveToBottom .t <%END%> .t Moves cursor to bottom of file

.t MoveToTop .t <%HOME%> .t Moves cursor to top of file

.t ReplaceQuery .t <%F1%>  .t Searches string; replaces with new
 .t .t .t  string

.t Center .t <%SHIFT>%<%F1%> .t Puts cursor line at center of screen
 .t .t .t or screen window

.t SearchForPrev .t <%F2%> .t Searches up through file for last
 .t .t .t previous use of a string

.t FormatPara .t <SHIFT><%F2%> .t Formats paragraph from indent or
 .t .t .t space to indent or space

.t SearchForNext .t <%F3%> .t Searches for next occurrence of a
 .t .t .t string--starts at cursor position

.t SearchFromTop .t <%F4%> .t Search for a string from top of file

.t DelWordLeft .t <%F5%> .t Deletes the word to left of cursor

.t DeleteUnder .t <%F6%> .t Deletes the letter under the cursor
 .t .t <%DEL%>

.t DelWordRight .t <%F7%> .t Deletes the word to right of cursor

.t ToggleShowBlanks .t <SHIFT><%F7%> .t Shows any spaces to right of last
 .t .t .t character on a line

.t DelToEnd .t <%F8%> .t Deletes from cursor to end of line

.t TransPoseChar .t <%F9%> .t Exchanges character with
 .t .t .t next character to the right

.t ChangeCase .t <%F10%> .t Changes letter case: capitals to
 .t .t .t lower case and lower to capitals

.t SelectText .t <SHIFT><%F9%> .t Deletes a block of text that remains
 .t .t .t in a buffer until next <%F9%> use

.t InsertText .t <SHIFT><%F10%> .t Inserts <%F9%> buffer text at cursor
 .t .t .t location

.t  _Command  .t21 _Key .t44 _Comment

.t UndoChange .t <%F10%> .t Restores line to condition before
 .t .t .t editing

.t InsertControl .t <CTRL><%F10%> .t Inserts control characters
 .t .t .t into text

.t ToggleSplit .t <%SHIFT%>%<%F8%> .t Changes from line split (wraparound)
 .t .t .t to full line for programming (toggle)

.t ToggleReplace .t <INS> .t Changes word processor to one which
 .t .t .t writes over letters -- Toggles back
 .t .t .t to one which pushes old text ahead

.t .t <SHIFT><INS> .t Inserts a blank line above the one
 .t .t .t the cursor is on


.t .t <SHIFT><DEL> .t Deletes from cursor to end of line;
 .t .t .t brings up next line


.t OneWindow .t <SHIFT><%F3%> .t Returns screen from two window to
 .t .t .t one window mode

.t TwoWindow .t <SHIFT><%F4%> .t Splits screen into two windows

.t OtherWindow .t <SHIFT><%F5%> .t Moves cursor from one wind to other

.t GrowWindow .t <SHIFT><%F6%> .t Causes window containing cursor to
.t .t .t grow one line at a time