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GLOSSARY.DD
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1989-12-16
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------------------------------------------------------------------
| |
| GLOSSARY |
| |
------------------------------------------------------------------
| Issue #9: December 17, 1989 |
| Revision Stage: C |
| |
| Maintained by Eric Newhouse |
| |
| This glossary is for the beginning to intermediate level |
| user. Experienced users can skip this with confidence. All |
| users should use this as a reference since this material makes |
| for exceptionally dull reading. |
------------------------------------------------------------------
Term Definition
------------ --------------------------------------------------
?Q? -> ('?' represents any character) File extension for
SQueezed files. Squeezed files are unusable until
unsqueezed by a utility such as NUSQ.COM or
USQ.COM. The advantage of a SQueezed file is that
it is smaller than a regular UnSQueezed file,
thus saving disk space and download time.
ARChives are more efficient than Squeezed files;
that's why there are so many more ARChives on
BBS's these days. Example of the extensions of
SQueezed files: .EQE, .CQM, .LQR, .TQT, .DQC,
etc.
ARC -> File extension for an ARChive file -> many files
combined together to save space and download time
that require ARC.EXE, PKXARC.COM, ARCE.COM, or
ARCLS.EXE to separate the files in to runnable and
readable (in the case of text) form.
ARQ -> Hardware Error Checking (see MNP)
BAS -> "BASIC," as in the programming language
BBS -> "Bulletin Board System"
BOARD -> Also "Bulletin Board System"
BOGUSWARE -> Software that is damaging to one or more parties
BOOT or -> To boot a computer is to restart it from scratch,
REBOOT erasing all TSR programs. One reboots by either
powering off and then back on, or pressing
Ctrl-Alt-Del at the same time.
BYTES -> Bytes measure the length of a file, with one byte
equaling one character in a file.
CACHE [disk] -> Area of memory set aside to hold recent data. All
programs then read recent data from that memory
rather than from disk.
CLUSTER -> A phyical block on all [hard] disks, composed of
sectors, that holds data.
COM -> File extension for a file that is executable from
DOS level
COMMERCIAL -> Software Distributed through retail outlets
DD -> "Dirty Dozen"
DEBUG -> Either (V) to remove glitches in a program or (N)
the assembly language editor/compiler/disassembler
provided with DOS
DOC -> "Documentation"
DSZ -> External protocol driver, X/Y/Zmodem, -G.
EMS -> Expanded Memory Specification. An EMS card holds 2
MB extra mem. Many programs, like PC-Tools and
Lotus 1-2-3 can use EMS memory.
EXE -> File extension for a file that is executable from
DOS level
EXT -> Extended Memory Specification. Ramdisks and Print
Spoolers can generally use EXTended memory.
FAT -> File Allocation Tables - First sectors of [hard]
disks where file sizes and physical locations
are stored.
FRAGMENT -> DOS physically saves files all over disks-not
continously this slows down drives and cause
problems for recovering deleted files or formatted
disks.
GB -> Gigabyte, 1GB = 1024 MB = 1,048,576 kilobytes
GRASP -> GRaphical Animation System Program
HACKED -> See "definitions" section
HIDDEN -> A "hidden" file will not show up in a 'dir'ectory
HIGH LEVEL
FORMAT -> This type of format is what most computer users
view as a regular DOS-format. That is, formatting
a disk using FORMAT.COM (included with DOS) is a
high level format.
IBM -> International Business Machines
IBMBIO.COM -> Hidden, System, Readonly file used by DOS
IBMSYS.COM -> Hidden, System, Readonly file used by DOS
JMODEM -> Error Checking Protocol like Xmodem-1k which
dynamically optimizes block size from .1k to 8k
according to phone line conditions.
K, KB -> "KiloBytes," one K equals 1024 bytes
LBR -> Extension on Library files. Library files are
really many combined files like ARChives, but they
require different utilities to extract the
individual files. Some examples of such utilities
are LUU.EXE, LUE.EXE, LAR.EXE, AND ZIP.EXE. See
"ARC"
LHARC/.LZH -> Another archiving system, requires LHARC.EXE
LOW LEVEL
FORMAT -> This type of format is only executed on a hard
disk, therefore most hard disk low-level format
programs come only with a hard disk controller
card. There are a few PD low-level formatting
packages, though. Most manufacturers low-level
format their hard drives at the factory. Low
level formatting is the first step in the three
part formatting process; the second step is to use
FDISK, and the third is to execute a high level
format.
MB -> "Megabytes," or "millions of bytes."
MNP -> Microcom's PD hardware based protocol which
insures data integrity during all times of a
connection.
OPTIMIZE -> To make all files on a disk "contiguous," or
physically linked together on a [hard] drive.
PAK -> A file compression utility incompatible with ARC
PATCH -> A file that is patched (combined) into another
file to change the original file in some way
PD -> "Public Domain"
PKXARC -> Phil Katz's ARChive extracter, v. 1.0 to 3.6
PKUNPAK -> Phil Katz's ARChive extracter, v. 3.61
PKZIP -> Phil Katz's ZIP file extracter
PIRATED -> See DEFINITIONS section in this issue.
PUBLICDOMAIN -> Software distributed for free
RAM -> "Random Access Memory." (memory used by software)
RBBS -> A type of BBS (Remote Bulletin Board System)
READONLY -> One can NOT write to "readonly" files (ie erasing)
ROM -> "Read Only Memory." (memory used by hardware to
boot)
ROOT (DIR) -> The Root Directory is the Lowest Sub Directory on
any disk (ie. the \ directory, A:\, B:\, C:\, etc)
SHAREWARE -> Software distribution method: user tries evaluates
software and pays author if he/she uses it.
SQUASHING -> File compression technique used by PKXARC but not
by SEA's ARC.EXE
SYSOP -> SYStem OPerator of a BBS
SYSTEM -> DOS reserves a "System" file for its own use
TROJAN -> See DEFINITIONS section in this issue.
TROJAN HORSE -> See DEFINITIONS section in this issue.
TSR -> "Terminate, Stay Resident" - Synonym: "Memory
Resident"
TXT -> "Text"
UNP -> "Unprotect"
UNPROTECT -> An "unprotect file" is a patch file that results
in the breaking of copy protection (no doubt for
back up purposes).
UTIL -> "Utility"
V -> "Version"
VIRUS -> See definition section
WORM -> Trojan Horse or Virus
WWIV -> A BBS System
WXMODEM -> Windowed Xmodem, Zmodem is better.
XMODEM -> Protocol used to insure data integrity for file
transfers over noisy phone lines. 128 byte blocks
are sent, one at a time, and after each "block" is
sent the receiving party compares checksums to
determine if the data is error free. 99.6%
accurate, and outdated.
XMODEM/CRC -> Xmodem that uses CRC instead of Checksum to check
block integrity. 99.9% accurate.
XMODEM-1K -> Xmodem with 1,024 byte blocks, previously called
XMODEM-1K -> Xmodem-1k w/o error checking for MNP/ARQ modems
YMODEM -> Like Xmodem/CRC, except uses 1k blocks and has the
YMODEM-G -> Ymodem without error checking for MNP/ARQ modems
capability to send more than one file per session.
ZIP -> A file compression utility used by most BBS's
ZMODEM -> File transfer protocol which dynamically optimizes
block sizes, between .1k to 1k, according to phone
line conditions, with batch capability. Superior.
Available in DSZ by Chuck Forsberg.
ZOO -> A file compression utility incompatible with ARC