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1996-06-05
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360 lines
=============================================================^15
: :^15
: :^15
: Example problem #1 :^15
: :^15
: :^15
=============================================================^15
1. A used car dealer sells an automobile for $5200 and makes^14
a 30% markup on the deal. What did he pay for the car?^14
(a) $4000^14
(b) $5000^14
(c) $6000^14
The first thing to do is to remember the formulas that deal with
markups and markdowns that are based on cost:
MARKUP:^15
ORIGINAL COST + MARKUP AMOUNT = NEW PRICE^15
MARKDOWN:^15
ORIGINAL COST - MARKDOWN AMOUNT = NEW PRICE^15
These formulas can be further broken down into:
MARKUP:^15
ORIGINAL COST + (MARKUP% * ORIGINAL COST) = NEW PRICE^15
MARKDOWN:^15
ORIGINAL COST - (MARKDOWN% * ORIGINAL COST) = NEW PRICE^15
Now that you have the formulas to work with, solving for the
ORIGINAL COST, MARKUP/DOWN%, MARKUP/DOWN AMOUNT, or the NEW PRICE
is possible. Let's look at the first part of the problem now:
A used car dealer sells an automobile for $5200 and makes^14
a 30% markup on the deal.^14
From that first sentence, you know that the NEW PRICE (usually
called the sale price) is $5200.00. The NEW PRICE is what the
item sells for after the markup amount has been added.
Similarly, the NEW PRICE is what an item sells for after the
markdown amount has been subtracted. You are also able to
determine that the markup percentage is 30%. Let's fill in the
parts of the markup formula that we know:
ORIGINAL COST + (MARKUP% * ORIGINAL COST) = NEW PRICE^15
ORIGINAL COST + ( 30% * ORIGINAL COST) = 5200
If you notice from the formula, there is only one unknown left:
the original cost of the item. To calculate the original cost,
solve the equation for the original cost.
ORIGINAL COST + (30% * ORIGINAL COST) = 5200
Remember that ORIGINAL COST is 100% of itself:^3
(100% * ORIGINAL COST) + (30% * ORIGINAL COST) = 5200
Factor out the common factor ORIGINAL COST:^3
(ORIGINAL COST) * (100% + 30%) = 5200
ORIGINAL COST * (130%) = 5200
Divide both sides by 130%:^3
5200 5200
ORIGINAL COST = ---- = ----
130% 1.30
ORIGINAL COST = 4000
The original cost that the dealer paid for the car is $4,000.00.
=============================================================^15
: :^15
: :^15
: Example problem #2 :^15
: :^15
: :^15
=============================================================^15
2. A store sells a television set for $625. If the store^14
makes a markup of 25% of its cost on the sale, what is^14
the cost of the television set to the store?^14
(a) $600^14
(b) $500^14
(c) $550^14
The first thing to do is to remember the formula that deals with
markups based on cost:
ORIGINAL COST + MARKUP AMOUNT = NEW PRICE^15
This formula can be broken down into:
ORIGINAL COST + (MARKUP% * ORIGINAL COST) = NEW PRICE^15
Now that you have the formulas to work with, solving for the
ORIGINAL COST, MARKUP%, MARKUP AMOUNT, or the NEW PRICE is
possible. Let's look at the first part of the problem now:
A store sells a television set for $625. If the store^14
makes a markup of 25% of its cost on the sale^14
From that first sentence, you know that the NEW PRICE (usually
called the sale price) is $625.00. The NEW PRICE is what the
item sells for after the markup amount has been added.
Similarly, the NEW PRICE is what an item sells for after the
markdown amount has been subtracted. You are also able to
determine that the markup percentage is 25%. Let's fill in the
parts of the markup formula that we know:
ORIGINAL COST + (MARKUP% * ORIGINAL COST) = NEW PRICE^15
ORIGINAL COST + ( 25% * ORIGINAL COST) = 625
If you notice from the formula, there is only one unknown left:
the original cost of the item. To calculate the original cost,
solve the equation for the original cost.
ORIGINAL COST + (25% * ORIGINAL COST) = 625
Remember that ORIGINAL COST is 100% of itself:^3
(100% * ORIGINAL COST) + (25% * ORIGINAL COST) = 625
Factor out the common factor ORIGINAL COST:^3
(ORIGINAL COST) * (100% + 25%) = 625
ORIGINAL COST * (125%) = 625
Divide both sides by 125%:^3
625 625
ORIGINAL COST = ---- = ----
125% 1.25
ORIGINAL COST = 500
The original cost that the store paid for the TV is $500.00.
=============================================================^15
: :^15
: :^15
: Example problem #3 :^15
: :^15
: :^15
=============================================================^15
3. A book is marked down 15% and now costs $68. What was^14
the original price of the book?^14
(a) $90^14
(b) $70^14
(c) $80^14
The first thing to do is to remember the formulas that deal with
markups and markdowns that are based on cost:
MARKUP:^15
ORIGINAL COST + MARKUP AMOUNT = NEW PRICE^15
MARKDOWN:^15
ORIGINAL COST - MARKDOWN AMOUNT = NEW PRICE^15
These formulas can be further broken down into:
MARKUP:^15
ORIGINAL COST + (MARKUP% * ORIGINAL COST) = NEW PRICE^15
MARKDOWN:^15
ORIGINAL COST - (MARKDOWN% * ORIGINAL COST) = NEW PRICE^15
Now that you have the formulas to work with, solving for the
ORIGINAL COST, MARKUP/DOWN%, MARKUP/DOWN AMOUNT, or the NEW PRICE
is possible. Let's look at the first part of the problem now:
A book is marked down 15% and now costs $68.^14
From that first sentence, you know that the NEW PRICE (usually
called the sale price) is $68.00. The NEW PRICE is what the item
sells for after the markdown amount has been subtracted. You are
also able to determine that the markdown percentage is 15%.
Let's fill in the parts of the markdown formula that we know:
ORIGINAL COST - (MARKDOWN% * ORIGINAL COST) = NEW PRICE^15
ORIGINAL COST - ( 15% * ORIGINAL COST) = 68
If you notice from the formula, there is only one unknown left:
the original cost of the item. To calculate the original cost,
solve the equation for the original cost.
ORIGINAL COST - (15% * ORIGINAL COST) = 68
Remember that ORIGINAL COST is 100% of itself:^3
(100% * ORIGINAL COST) - (15% * ORIGINAL COST) = 68
Factor out the common factor ORIGINAL COST:^3
(ORIGINAL COST) * (100% - 15%) = 68
ORIGINAL COST * (85%) = 68
Divide both sides by 85%:^3
68 68
ORIGINAL COST = ---- = ----
85% .85
ORIGINAL COST = 80
The original cost of the book is $80.00.
=============================================================^15
: :^15
: :^15
: Example problem #4 :^15
: :^15
: :^15
=============================================================^15
4. A silver chain is marked down 5% and now costs $15.20.^14
What was the original price?^14
(a) $16.00^14
(b) $18.00^14
(c) $14.48^14
The first thing to do is to remember the formula that deals with
markdowns based on cost:
ORIGINAL COST - MARKDOWN AMOUNT = NEW PRICE^15
This formula can be broken down into:
ORIGINAL COST - (MARKDOWN% * ORIGINAL COST) = NEW PRICE^15
Now that you have the formulas to work with, solving for the
ORIGINAL COST, MARKDOWN%, MARKDOWN AMOUNT, or the NEW PRICE is
possible. Let's look at the first part of the problem now:
A silver chain is marked down 5% and now costs $15.20.^14
From that first sentence, you know that the NEW PRICE (usually
called the sale price) is $15.20. The NEW PRICE is what the item
sells for after the markdown amount has been subtracted. You are
also able to determine that the markdown percentage is 5%. Let's
fill in the parts of the markdown formula that we know:
ORIGINAL COST - (MARKDOWN% * ORIGINAL COST) = NEW PRICE^15
ORIGINAL COST - ( 5% * ORIGINAL COST) = 15.20
If you notice from the formula, there is only one unknown left:
the original cost of the item. To calculate the original cost,
solve the equation for the original cost.
ORIGINAL COST - (5% * ORIGINAL COST) = 15.20
Remember that ORIGINAL COST is 100% of itself:^3
(100% * ORIGINAL COST) - (5% * ORIGINAL COST) = 15.20
Factor out the common factor ORIGINAL COST:^3
(ORIGINAL COST) * (100% - 5%) = 15.20
ORIGINAL COST * (95%) = 15.20
Divide both sides by 95%:^3
15.20 15.20
ORIGINAL COST = ----- = -----
95% .95
ORIGINAL COST = 16
The original cost of the silver chain is $16.00.
=============================================================^15
: :^15
: :^15
: Example problem #5 :^15
: :^15
: :^15
=============================================================^15
5. A clothing store advertised a suit for $150. If this price
represented a 40% discount from the original price, find
the original price.
(a) $140
(b) $250
(c) $200
The first thing to do is to remember the formula that deals with
markdowns based on cost:
ORIGINAL COST - MARKDOWN AMOUNT = NEW PRICE^15
This formula can be broken down into:
ORIGINAL COST - (MARKDOWN% * ORIGINAL COST) = NEW PRICE^15
Now that you have the formulas to work with, solving for the
ORIGINAL COST, MARKDOWN%, MARKDOWN AMOUNT, or the NEW PRICE is
possible. Let's look at the first part of the problem now:
A clothing store advertised a suit for $150. If this price^14
represented a 40% discount from the original price^14
From that first sentence, you know that the NEW PRICE (usually
called the sale price) is $150. The NEW PRICE is what the item
sells for after the markdown amount has been subtracted. You are
also able to determine that the markdown percentage is 40%.
Let's fill in the parts of the markdown formula that we know:
ORIGINAL COST - (MARKDOWN% * ORIGINAL COST) = NEW PRICE^15
ORIGINAL COST - ( 40% * ORIGINAL COST) = 150.00
If you notice from the formula, there is only one unknown left:
the original cost of the item. To calculate the original cost,
solve the equation for the original cost.
ORIGINAL COST - (40% * ORIGINAL COST) = 150
Remember that ORIGINAL COST is 100% of itself:^3
(100% * ORIGINAL COST) - (40% * ORIGINAL COST) = 150
Factor out the common factor ORIGINAL COST:^3
(ORIGINAL COST) * (100% - 40%) = 150
ORIGINAL COST * (60%) = 150
Divide both sides by 60%:^3
150 150
ORIGINAL COST = ---- = ----
60% .60
ORIGINAL COST = 250
The original cost that the clothing store paid for the
suit is $250.00.