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- SIY5.TXT Topographic Maps and Aerial Photographs 29
-
- Chapter 5
-
- Topographic Maps and Aerial Photographs
-
- The first survey which you should do on any piece of land is to simply to look
- at the topographic map. Topo maps at a scale of 2000 feet per inch are
- available for most of the United States for less than five bux [$5] delivered.
-
- See USGS or Timely Discount Topos in Chapter 14 for instructions on where to
- order a topo map in the USA.
-
- In other parts of the world, write the Geological Survey in your capital.
-
- Having taught topo map reading at the University of Kentucky, I know that I
- cannot teach you to read a topo map by mail. The only way for you to learn to
- read topo maps is to compare a topo map and the real ground. Order the topo
- map for a familiar area, like around your home. Be sure that you get the
- pamphlet "Topographic Map Symbols" too. Then walk around with the map,
- compass, and symbol sheet. Orient the map so that the North Arrow points the
- same way as the compass needle. Compare the map with reality.
-
- The only really different feature of the topo map is the topographic contour
- lines, those random brown squiggles doodled all over the map. If these contour
- lines still seem like random brown squiggles to you, try this.
-
- Imagine the Second Great Flood. As The Sea rises, the new shoreline will move
- up into the land. At any given rise in The Sea level above today's Mean Sea
- Level (MSL), the new shoreline will be represented by the contour line at that
- level. You can see [hopefully] that in level land, a large area will be
- flooded by a small rise in The Sea. On steep ground, the new land flooded
- would be only a narrow strip. Bays will reach up into the valleys, and ridges
- will extend out into The Sea. High ground will eventually become a chain of
- islands.
-
- The contour lines do all these things, without the necessity of all that water.
-
- Be sure to ask for the free pamphlet "Topographic Map Symbols" when you order
- your first topos. Every house, barn, creek, river, rapids, dam, highway, road,
- jeep trail, government boundary, school, cemetery, church, pond, lake, picnic
- grounds, railroad, high tension line, pipeline, mine, strip mine, wood lot,
- swamp, spring, windmill, &c, etc, et cetera is marked with a special symbol.
- In Township and Range country, the section corners and lines are marked.
- Sometimes fence lines are on the map too.
-
- Once you have learned to read a topo map on familiar ground, you can read a map
- of any place of interest. Map Reference Libraries are located at most college
- Geology and Geography Departments, and at major city libraries. The addresses
- of these Map Reference Libraries are listed on the Index Map for that state.
- SIY5.TXT Topographic Maps and Aerial Photographs 30
-
- Many public libraries have topographic maps of the local area.
-
- Topos are so quick and cheap from Timely Discount Topos that you can order them
- for an area of interest and then use them for impressive wallpaper.
-
- Each state has an index map or a "green book" which you can use to determine
- the proper map to order.
-
- Each topo covers about 7 miles across for the standard 7.5 minute map. It is
- named for some prominent feature, generally the largest city, village, or
- hamlet, but sometimes for some other landmark. Each map tells which maps join
- on the sides and corners. You can make three guesses of the proper map and get
- the index map or "green book" and a "Topographic Map Symbols" pamphlet all for
- less than ten bux [$10] delivered. This will make you an instant expert on
- local land use.
-
- Aerial photographs for agricultural areas are available in your county ASCS
- office. See Chapter 14. Visit them with the area of interest marked on your
- topo map. Use the office photo mosaic index to locate the aerial photo
- covering your land. It may help if you know the name of a nearby farmer so
- that the clerk can look up the photo of his farm.
-
- County ASCS offices usually have photos of all agricultural land at a scale of
- 660 or 1000 feet per inch. Fields, trees, buildings, roads, cow paths, streams,
- fences, etc., etc. can be easily seen on the photos. ASCS may have their
- version of the property boundaries and ownership marked on the photos. Where
- the property boundaries are field boundaries, the ASCS version is usually quite
- accurate. In woodland, they are guaranteed incorrect.
-
- You may also be interested in using a stereoscope. With this instrument, two
- aerial photos are combined to create a 3-D image of the land. This is one of
- those things which you just must see to believe!
-
- In non agricultural areas, the BLM, National Forest, Corpse [sick] of
- Engineers, or other agency may have aerial photography. Sometimes in color. I
- doubt that there is any part of the United States for which aerial photography
- is not available.
-
- I can't teach you to read topo maps or aerial photos by mail. But if you have
- trouble finding the proper item, I might be able to help. And if you have any
- interesting scientific or engineering applications, I'd be glad to consult.
- Agriculture, geology, hydrology, botany, forestry, wildlife management,
- archaeology, land use planning, flood management, historical research,
- construction engineering, and law enforcement come quickly to mind.
-
-
-
-
- SIY5.TXT Topographic Maps and Aerial Photographs 31
-
- The Silva Ranger is especially handy for determining your location on a topo
- map. First, find some recognizable landmark both on the ground and on the
- map. Then measure the direction to it with the Ranger. Next, place the Ranger
- on the map with the edge passing thru your landmark and the meridian lines
- inside of the compass dial aligned with the north-south lines on your topo
- map. Your location is along this line. If you shoot and plot the direction to
- another landmark, your location will be where the two plotted lines cross. You
- can get a feel for the amount of error involved by plotting directions from
- several landmarks.
-
- With the Ranger this is so fast and easy that it can be easier done than said,
- once you find your landmark. If you have ever tried this with a Brunton pocket
- transit, protractor, ruler, and pencil, then you will really appreciate having
- everything in one instrument and the protractor already set to the proper
- reading too. Geologists' Heaven!
-
-
-
- Dave Beiter
- CAVE Inc
- 1/2 Fast Road
- Ritner KY 42639
-
-
- 606/376-3137
-
-