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- SAPTrack Version 1.0
-
- By Justin Jones
- (C) 1993 RealTech Systems Corporation
- Network Analysis Utilities
-
-
- INTRODUCTION
-
- SAPTrack is a network analysis utility that provides
- continuous monitoring of Novell SAP (Service Advertisement
- Protocol) and RIP (Routing Information Protocol) broadcasts,
- with the following features:
-
- Identifies all advertised services and networks.
-
- SAP and RIP broadcast packets decoded, analyzed, and
- displayed in real time.
-
- Quick identification of warning and alarm conditions by
- color code.
-
- Fast and friendly text-based windowing user interface.
-
- Sorting of statistics tables by hop count, address,
- service name, service type, and other fields.
-
- Does not rely on file server binderies - all information
- and statistics are collected directly from broadcasts.
-
- Completely passive - SAPTrack does not transmit packets
- and does not effect the network.
-
- SAPTrack was developed to trouble shoot a problem with
- disappearing services and routes on a large internetwork.
- It is a useful tool for network administrators, engineers,
- and programmers. Use it to monitor, debug, and better
- understand your network.
-
- You are free to copy and distribute SAPTrack v1.0 by any
- means you can think of.
-
- UNDERSTANDING SAPs and RIPs
-
- Novell file servers, print servers, and other network
- resources normally advertise their presence every 60 seconds
- via a SAP broadcast packet. The packet contains the name
- and address of the service, as well as the number of router
- hops between the service and the current network.
-
- Novell file servers and routers keep track of all known
- services and periodically advertise them to other networks.
- On a NetWare 386 File Server, the information is maintained
- in the bindery. It can be viewed by typing "DISPLAY
- SERVERS" at the console. It can also be inspected on Cisco
- Systems router by entering the command "SHOW NOVELL SERVERS"
- at the console.
-
- As servers and routers learn about services on one segment
- they will advertise them on the other segments they are
- directly attached to. A service advertised on any segment
- of an internetwork will eventually be advertised by all
- servers and routers across the internetwork.
-
- RIP broadcasts also occur in 60 second intervals and
- propagate though an internetwork in the same fashion. There
- purpose is to advertise network addresses. Routing tables
- are built from the broadcasts.
-
- Every time a SAP or RIP is forwarded by a router the hop
- count is incremented by 1. Services are only forwarded a
- maximum of 15 hops. A hop count of 16 serves a special
- purpose. It is used to "unadvertise" a service or network
- that has become unavailable. A NetWare 386 file server will
- unadvertise services and routes when the "RESET ROUTER"
- command is given at he console, after which it will re-learn
- them.
-
- Type "TRACK ON" at a NetWare console to view the view SAP
- and RIP packets received and transmitted by the file server.
- Note that a NetWare servers will transmit one SAP for each
- frame type.
-
- USING SAPTrack
-
- SAPTrack consists of a single executable. The only
- requirement is for IPX to be loaded (IPX.COM or IPXODI.EXE).
- Neither SPX or NETX is necessary, but it is a good idea to
- have a mouse driver loaded. There are no command line
- parameters - just type "SAPTRACK" and go. The interface is
- very intuitive and all options are available from the pull
- down menus.
-
- When SAPTrack starts, the statistics windows are open.
- Updating the packet and log windows steal mucho CPU cycles,
- so keeping them open on a slow machine or very busy network
- may result in packets being dropped. It is therefore
- recommended that these windows remain closed when not being
- viewed.
-
- Statistics Window
-
- The SAP and RIP statistics windows are open when the
- application starts. One entry appears in each table for
- each service and each network. The tables are updated every
- time a SAP or RIP broadcast is received, even when the
- window is closed. Following is an explanation of the
- various columns in the statistics window:
-
- COUNT - Indicates the position of the entry in the
- table.
-
- AGE - Indicates how many seconds have passed since
- a service or network has been advertised. Stable
- entries are green, but turn yellow when the age
- passes 65 seconds, and red after 125 seconds.
- Unadvertised services will turn gray.
-
- INT - The time interval, in seconds, between the
- previous two updates received.
-
- TYPE - Indicates the service type. Values between
- 0000h and 8000h are reserved. The following well-
- known types have been defined by Novell:
-
- Wild FFFFh
- Unknown 0000h
- Print queue 0003h
- NetWare Server 0004h
- Job Server 0005h
- Print Server 0007h
- Archive Server 0009h
- Remote Bridge Server 0024h
- Advertising Print Server 0047h
-
- HOPS - The number of router hops away the service
- or network is.
-
- INTERNETWORK ADDRESS - The service address.
-
- NAME - The service name.
-
- TICKS - The number of clock ticks away the network
- is.
-
- Log Window
-
- The log windows displays SAP and RIP advertisements as they
- arrive. The newest arrival are added at the end. The logs
- scrolls upward when maximum number of entries is reached.
- Entries with hop counts greater than 15 are automatically
- grayed.
-
- Packet Window
-
- The packet windows displays the contents of the most recent
- SAP and RIP packets. Notice that each packet contains
- multiple entries.
-
- ABOUT REALTECH
-
- RealTech Systems Corporation is a systems integrator
- providing LAN and WAN solutions to the North East. For
- information call 800-800-0210.
-
- DISCLAIMER
-
- This software is provided "as is" with no express or implied
- warrantees. Neither RealTech Systems Corporation or the
- author is responsible for any damage resulting from the use
- of SAPTrack. However, we take all credit for any success
- achieved with this software.
-
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