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- FIRST OPEN DOOR NOTE *
-
- [John Hay to Andrew D. White]
-
- Department of State, Washington, September 6, 1899
-
- At the time when the Government of the United States was informed by that
- of Germany that it had leased from His Majesty the Emperor of China the
- port of Kiao-chao and the adjacent territory in the province of Shantung,
- assurances were given to the ambassador of the United States at Berlin by
- the Imperial German minister for foreign affairs that the rights and
- privileges insured by treaties with China to citizens of the United States
- would not thereby suffer or be in anywise impaired within the area over
- which Germany had thus obtained control.
-
- More recently, however, the British Government recognized by a formal
- agreement with Germany the exclusive right of the latter country to enjoy
- in said leased area and the contiguous "sphere of influence or interest"
- certain privileges, more especially those relating to railroads and mining
- enterprises; but as the exact nature and extent of the rights thus
- recognized have not been clearly defined, it is possible that serious
- conflicts of interest may at any time arise not only between British and
- German subjects within said area, but that the interests of our citizens
- may also be jeopardized thereby.
-
- Earnestly desirous to remove any cause of irritation and to insure at the
- same time to the commerce of all nations in China the undoubted benefits
- which should accrue from a formal recognition by the various powers
- claiming "spheres of interest" that they shall enjoy perfect equality of
- treatment for their commerce and navigation within such "spheres," the
- Government of the United States would be pleased to see His German
- Majesty's Government give formal assurances, and lend its cooperation in
- securing like assurances from the other interested powers, that each,
- within its respective sphere of whatever influence--
-
- First. Will in no way interfere with any treaty port or any vested interest
- within any so-called "sphere of interest" or leased territory it may have
- in China.
-
- Second. That the Chinese treaty tariff of the time being shall apply to all
- merchandise landed or shipped to all such ports as are within said "sphere
- of interest" (unless they be "free ports"), no matter to what nationality
- it may belong, and that duties so leviable shall be collected by the
- Chinese Government.
-
- Third. That it will levy no higher harbor dues on vessels of another
- nationality frequenting any port in such "sphere" than shall be levied on
- vessels of its own nationality, and no higher railroad charges over lines
- built, controlled, or operated within its "sphere" on merchandise belonging
- to citizens or subjects of other nationalities transported through such
- "sphere" than shall be levied on similar merchandise belonging to its own
- nationals transported over equal distances.
-
- The liberal policy pursued by His Imperial German Majesty in declaring
- Kiao-chao a free port and in aiding the Chinese Government in the
- establishment there of a customhouse are so clearly in line with the
- proposition which this Government is anxious to see recognized that it
- entertains the strongest hope that Germany will give its acceptance and
- hearty support. The recent ukase of His Majesty the Emperor of Russia
- declaring the port of Ta-lien-wan open during the whole of the lease under
- which it is held from China to the merchant ships of all nations, coupled
- with the categorical assurances made to this Government by His Imperial
- Majesty's representative at this capital at the time and since repeated to
- me by the present Russian ambassador, seem to insure the support of the
- Emperor to the proposed measure. Our ambassador at the Court of St.
- Petersburg has in consequence, been instructed to submit it to the Russian
- Government and to request their early consideration of it. A copy of my
- instruction on the subject to Mr. Tower is herewith inclosed for your
- confidential information.
-
- The commercial interests of Great Britain and Japan will be so clearly
- observed by the desired declaration of intentions, and the views of the
- Governments of these countries as to the desirability of the adoption of
- measures insuring the benefits of equality of treatment of all foreign
- trade throughout China are so similar to those entertained by the United
- States, that their acceptance of the propositions herein outlined and their
- cooperation in advocating their adoption by the other powers can be
- confidently expected. I inclose herewith copy of the instruction which I
- have sent to Mr. Choate on the subject.
-
- In view of the present favorable conditions, you are instructed to submit
- the above considerations to His Imperial German Majesty's Minister for L
- Foreign Affairs, and to request his early consideration of the subject.
-
- -----------------------
-
- * Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1899,
- pp. 129-30. Identical notes, with the necessary changes, were sent on
- the same day to Germany, Russia, and England. Similar notes were sent
- later to Japan, Italy, and France.
-
-
-