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- From: sachz@coombs.anu.edu.au (Sacha Shopov)
- Subject: Constitution of the REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
- Message-ID: <1nq00nINNiar@manuel.anu.edu.au>
- Date: 12 Mar 1993 12:34:31 GMT
- Organization: Australian National University
- Lines: 1654
-
-
-
- C O N S T I T U T I O N O F T H E
-
- R E P U B L I C O F M A C E D O N I A
-
-
- Taking as the points of departure the historical, cultural,
- spiritual and statehood heritage of the Macedonian people and their
- struggle over centuries for national and social freedom as well as
- the creation of their own state, and particularly the traditions of
- statehood and legality of the Krushevo Republic and the historic
- decisions of the Anti-Fascist Assembly of the People's Liberation of
- Macedonia, together with the constitutional and legal continuity of
- the Macedonian state as a sovereign republic within Federal
- Yugoslavia and freely manifested will of the citizens of the
- Republic of Macedonia in the referendum of September 8th, 1991, as
- well as the historical fact that Macedonia is established as a
- national state of the Macedonian people, in which full equality as
- citizens and permanent co-existence with the Macedonian people is
- provided for Albanians, Turks, Vlachs, Romanics and other
- nationalities living in the Republic of Macedonia, and intent on:
-
- - the establishment of the Republic of Macedonia as a sovereign
- and independent state, as well as a civil and democratic one;
-
- - the establishment and consolidation of the rule of law as a
- fundamental system of government;
-
- - the guaranteeing of human rights, citizens' freedoms and
- ethnic equality;
-
- - the provision of peace and a common home for the Macedonian
- people with the nationalities living in the Republic of
- Macedonia; and on
-
- - the provision of social justice, economic wellbeing and
- prosperity in the life of the individual and the community,
-
-
- the Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia adopts
-
-
-
- THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
-
-
- I. BASIC PROVISIONS
-
- Article 1
-
- The Republic of Macedonia is a sovereign, independent,
- democratic and social state.
- The sovereignty of the Republic of Macedonia is indivisible,
- inalienable and nontransferable.
-
-
- Article 2
-
- Sovereignty in the Republic of Macedonia derives from the
- citizens and belongs to the citizens.
- The citizens of the Republic of Macedonia exercise their
- authority through democratically elected Representatives through
- referendum and through other forms of direct expression.
-
-
- Article 3
-
- The territory of the Republic of Macedonia is indivisible and
- inviolable.
- The existing borders of the Republic of Macedonia are inviolable.
- The borders of the Republic of Macedonia may be changed only in
- accordance with the constitution.
-
-
- Article 4
-
- Citizens of the Republic of Macedonia have citizenship of the
- Republic of Macedonia.
- A subject of the Republic of Macedonia may either be deprived of
- citizenship, nor expelled or extradited to another state.
- Citizenship of the Republic of Macedonia is regulated by law.
-
-
- Article 5
-
- The state symbols of the Republic of Macedonia are the coat of
- arms, the flag and the national anthem.
- The coat of arms, the flag and the national anthem of the
- Republic of Macedonia are adopted by law by a two-thirds majority
- vote of the total number of Assembly Representatives.
-
-
- Article 6
-
- The Capital of the Republic of Macedonia is Skopje.
-
-
- Article 7
-
- The Macedonian language, written using its Cyrillic alphabet, is
- the official language in the Republic of Macedonia.
- In the units of local self-government where the majority of the
- inhabitants belong to a nationality, in addition to the
- Macedonian language and Cyrillic alphabet, their language and
- alphabet are also in official use, in a manner determined by law.
- In the units of local self-government where there is a
- considerable number of inhabitants belonging to a nationality,
- their language and alphabet are also in official use, in addition
- to the Macedonian language and Cyrillic alphabet, under
- conditions and in a manner determined by law.
-
-
- Article 8
-
- The fundamental values of the constitutional order of the
- Republic of Macedonia are:
-
- - the basic freedoms and rights of the individual and citizen,
- recognised in international law and set down in the
- Constitution;
- - the free expression of national identity;
- - the rule of law;
- - the division of state powers into legislative, executive and
- judicial;
- - the legal protection of property;
- - the freedom of the market and entrepreneurship;
- - humanism, social justice and solidarity;
- - local self-government;
- - proper urban and rural planning to promote a congenial human
- environment, as well as ecological protection and development;
- and
- - respect for the generally accepted norms of international law.
-
- Anything that is not prohibited by the Constitution or by law is
- permitted in the Republic of Macedonia.
-
-
-
- II. BASIC FREEDOMS AND RIGHTS OF THE INDIVIDUAL AND CITIZEN
-
- 1. Civil and political freedoms and rights
-
- Article 9
-
- Citizens of the Republic of Macedonia are equal in their freedoms
- and rights, regardless of sex, race, colour of skin, national and
- social origin, political and religious beliefs, property and
- social status.
- All citizens are equal before the Constitution and law.
-
-
- Article 10
-
- The human right to life is irrevocable.
- The death penalty shall not be imposed on any grounds whatsoever
- in the Republic of Macedonia.
-
-
- Article 11
-
- The human right to physical and moral dignity is irrevocable.
- Any form of torture, or inhuman or humiliating conduct or
- punishment, is prohibited.
- Forced labour is prohibited.
-
-
- Article 12
-
- The human right to freedom is irrevocable.
- No person's freedom can be restricted except by court decision or
- in cases and procedures determined by law.
- Persons summoned, apprehended or detained shall immediately be
- informed of the reasons for the summons, apprehension or
- detention and on their rights. They shall not be forced to make a
- statement. A person has a right to an attorney in police and
- court procedure.
- Persons detained shall be brought before a court as soon as
- possible, within a maximum period of 24 hours from the moment of
- detention, and the legality of their detention shall there be
- decided upon without delay.
- Detention may last, by court decision, for a maximum of 90 days
- from the day of detention.
- Persons detained may, under the conditions determined by law, be
- released from custody to conduct their defence.
-
-
- Article 13
-
- A person indicted for an offence shall be considered innocent
- until his/her guilt is established by a legally valid court verdict.
- A person unlawfully detained, apprehended or convicted has a right
- to legal redress and other rights determined by law.
-
-
- Article 14
-
- No person may be punished for an offence which has not been
- declared an offence punishable by law, or by other acts, prior to
- its being committed, and for which no punishment has been prescribed.
- No person may be tried in a court of law for an offence of which
- he/she has already been tried and for which a legally valid court
- verdict has already been brought.
-
-
- Article 15
-
- The right to appeal against individual legal acts issued in a
- first instance proceedings by a court, administrative body,
- organisation or other institution carrying out public mandates is
- guaranteed.
-
-
- Article 16
-
- The freedom of personal conviction, conscience, thought and
- public expression of thought is guaranteed.
- The freedom of speech, public address, public information and the
- establishment of institutions for public information is
- guaranteed.
- Free access to information and the freedom of reception and
- transmission of information are guaranteed.
- The right of reply via the mass media is guaranteed.
- The right to a correction in the mass media is guaranteed.
- The right to protect a source of information in the mass media is
- guaranteed.
- Censorship is prohibited.
-
-
- Article 17
-
- The freedom and confidentiality of correspondence and other forms
- of communication is guaranteed.
- Only a court decision may authorise non-application of the
- principle of the inviolability of the confidentiality of
- correspondence and other forms of communication, in cases where
- it is indispensable to a criminal investigation or required in
- the interests of the defence of the Republic.
-
-
- Article 18
-
- The security and confidentiality of personal information are
- guaranteed.
- Citizens are guaranteed protection from any violation of their
- personal integrity deriving from the registration of personal
- information through data processing.
-
-
- Article 19
-
- The freedom of religious confession is guaranteed.
- The right to express one's faith freely and publicly,
- individually or with others is guaranteed.
- The Macedonian Orthodox Church and other religious communities
- and groups are free to establish schools and other social and
- charitable institutions, by ways of a procedure regulated by law.
-
-
- Article 20
-
- Citizens are guaranteed freedom of association to exercise and
- protect their political, economic, social, cultural and other
- rights and convictions.
- Citizens may freely establish associations of citizens and
- political parties, join them or resign from them.
- The programmes and activities of political parties and other
- associations of citizens may not be directed at the violent
- destruction of the constitutional order of the Republic, or at
- encouragement or incitement to military aggression or ethnic,
- racial or religious hatred or intolerance.
- Military or paramilitary associations which do not belong to the
- Armed Forces of the Republic of Macedonia are prohibited.
-
-
- Article 21
-
- Citizens have the right to assemble peacefully and to express
- public protest without prior announcement or a special licence.
- The exercise of this right may be restricted only during a state
- of emergency or war.
-
-
- Article 22
-
- Every citizen on reaching 18 years of age acquires the right to vote.
- The right to vote is equal, universal and direct, and is exercised
- at free elections by secret ballot.
- Persons deprived of the right to practise their profession by a
- court verdict do not have the right to vote.
-
-
- Article 23
-
- Every citizen has the right to take part in the performance of
- public office.
-
-
- Article 24
-
- Every citizen has a right to petition state and other public
- bodies, as well as to receive an answer.
- A citizen cannot be called to account or suffer adverse
- consequences for attitudes expressed in petitions, unless they
- entail the committing of a criminal offence.
-
-
- Article 25
-
- Each citizen is guaranteed the respect and protection of the
- privacy of his/her personal and family life and his/her dignity
- and repute.
-
-
- Article 26
-
- The inviolability of the home is guaranteed.
- The right to the inviolability of the home may be restricted only
- by a court decision in cases of the detection or prevention of
- criminal offences or the protection of people's health.
-
-
- Article 27
-
- Every citizen of the Republic of Macedonia has the right of free
- movement on the territory of the Republic and freely to choose
- his/her place of residence.
- Every citizen has the right to leave the territory of the
- Republic and to return to the Republic.
- The exercise of these rights may be restricted by law only in
- cases where it is necessary for the protection of the security of
- the Republic, criminal investigation or protection of people's
- health.
-
-
- Article 28
-
- The defence of the Republic of Macedonia is the right and duty of
- every citizen.
- The exercise of this right and duty of citizens is regulated by law.
-
-
- Article 29
-
- Foreign subjects enjoy freedoms and rights guaranteed by the
- Constitution in the Republic of Macedonia, under conditions
- regulated by law and international agreements.
- The Republic guarantees the right of asylum to foreign subjects
- and stateless persons expelled because of democratic political
- convictions and activities.
- Extradition of a foreign subject can be carried out only on a
- basis of a ratified international agreement and on the principle
- of reciprocity. A foreign subject cannot be extradited for
- political criminal offences. Acts of terrorism are not regarded
- as political criminal offences.
-
-
- 2. Economic, social and cultural rights.
-
- Article 30
-
- The right to ownership of property and the right of inheritance
- are guaranteed.
- Ownership of property creates rights and duties and should serve
- the wellbeing of both the individual and the community.
- No person may be deprived of his/her property or of the rights
- deriving from it, except in cases concerning the public interest
- determined by law.
- If property is expropriated or restricted, rightful compensation
- not lower than its market value is guaranteed.
-
-
- Article 31
-
- Foreign subjects in the Republic of Macedonia may acquire the
- right of ownership of property under conditions determined by
- law.
-
-
- Article 32
-
- Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment,
- protection at work and material assistance during temporary
- unemployment.
- Every job is open to all under equal conditions.
- Every employee has a right to appropriate remuneration.
- Every employee has the right to paid daily, weekly and annual
- leave. Employees cannot waive this right.
- The exercise of the rights of employees and their positions are
- regulated by law and collective agreements.
-
-
- Article 33
-
- Everyone is obliged to pay tax and other public contributions, as
- well as to share in the discharge of public expenditure in a
- manner determined by law.
-
-
- Article 34
-
- Citizens have a right to social security and social insurance,
- determined by law and collective agreement.
-
-
- Article 35
-
- The Republic provides for the social protection and social
- security of citizens in accordance with the principle of social
- justice.
- The Republic guarantees the right of assistance to citizens who
- are infirm or unfit for work.
- The Republic provides particular protection for invalid persons,
- as well as conditions for their involvement in the life of the
- society.
-
-
- Article 36
-
- The Republic guarantees particular social security rights to
- veterans of the Anti-Fascist War and of all Macedonian national
- liberation wars, to war invalids to, to those expelled and
- imprisoned for the ideas of the separate identity of the
- Macedonian people and of Macedonian statehood, as well as to
- members of their families without means of material and social
- subsistence.
- The particular rights are regulated by law.
-
-
- Article 37
-
- In order to exercise their economic and social rights, citizens
- have the right to establish trade unions. Trade unions can
- constitute confederations and become members of international
- trade union organisations.
- The law may restrict the conditions for the exercise of the right
- to trade union organisation in the armed forces, the police and
- administrative bodies.
-
-
- Article 38
-
- The right to strike is guaranteed.
- The law may restrict the conditions for the exercise of the right
- to strike in the armed forces, the police and administrative
- bodies.
-
-
- Article 39
-
- Every citizen is guaranteed the right to health care.
- Citizens have the right and duty to protect and promote their own
- health and the health of others.
-
-
- Article 40
-
- The Republic provides particular care and protection for the family.
- The legal relations in marriage, the family and cohabitation are
- regulated by law.
- Parents have the right and duty to provide for the nurturing and
- education of their children. Children are responsible for the
- care of their old and inform parents.
- The Republic provides particular protection for parentless
- children and children without parental care.
-
-
- Article 41
-
- It is a human right freely to decide on the procreation of
- children.
- The Republic conducts a humane population policy in order to
- provide balanced economic and social development.
-
-
- Article 42
-
- The Republic particularly protects mothers, children and minors.
- A person under 15 years of age cannot be employed.
- Minors and mothers have the right to particular protection at work.
- Minors may not be employed in work which is detrimental to their
- health or morality.
-
-
- Article 43
-
- Everyone has the right to a healthy environment to live in.
- Everyone is obliged to promote and protect the environment.
- The Republic provides conditions for the exercise of the right of
- citizens to a healthy environment.
-
-
- Article 44
-
- Everyone has a right to education.
- Education is accessible to everyone under equal conditions.
- Primary education is compulsory and free.
-
-
- Article 45
-
- Citizens have a right to establish private schools at all levels of
- education, with the exception of primary education, under conditions
- determined by law.
-
-
- Article 46
-
- The autonomy of universities is guaranteed.
- The conditions of establishment, performance and termination of the
- activities of a university are regulated by law.
-
-
- Article 47
-
- The freedom of scholarly, artistic and other forms of creative work
- is guaranteed.
- Rights deriving from scholarly, artistic or other intellectual
- creative work are guaranteed.
- The Republic stimulates, assists and protects the development of
- scholarship, the arts and culture.
- The Republic stimulates and assists scientific and technological
- development.
- The Republic stimulates and assists technical education and sport.
-
-
- Article 48
-
- Members of nationalities have a right freely to express, foster and
- develop their identity and national attributes.
- The Republic guarantees the protection of the ethnic, cultural,
- linguistic and religious identity of the nationalities.
- Members of the nationalities have the right to establish institutions
- for culture and art, as well as scholarly and other associations for
- the expression, fostering and development of their identity.
- Members of the nationalities have the right to instruction in their
- language in primary and secondary education, as determined by law. In
- schools where education is carried out in the language of a
- nationality, the Macedonian language is also studied.
-
-
- Article 49
-
- The Republic cares for the status and rights of those persons
- belonging to the Macedonian people in neighbouring countries, as well
- as Macedonian ex-patriates, assists their cultural development and
- promotes links with them.
- The Republic cares for the cultural, economic and social rights of
- the citizens of the Republic abroad.
-
-
- 3. Guarantees of basic freedoms and rights
-
- Article 50
-
- Every citizen may invoke the protection of freedoms and rights
- determined by the Constitution before the regular courts, as well as
- before the Constitutional Court of Macedonia, through a procedure
- based upon the principles of priority and urgency.
- Judicial protection of the legality of individual acts of state
- administration, as well as of other institutions carrying out public
- mandates, is guaranteed.
- A citizen has the right to be informed on human rights and basic
- freedoms as well as actively to contribute, individually of jointly
- with others, to their promotion and protection.
-
-
- Article 51
-
- In the Republic of Macedonia laws shall be in accordance with the
- Constitution and all other regulations in accordance with the
- Constitution and law.
- Everyone is obliged to respect the Constitution and the laws.
-
-
- Article 52
-
- Laws and other regulations are published before they come into force.
- Laws and other regulations are published in 'The Official Gazette of
- the Republic of Macedonia' at most seven days after the day of their
- adoption.
- Laws come into force on the eighth day after the day of their
- republication at the earliest, or on the day of publication in
- exceptional cases determined by the Assembly.
- Laws and other regulations may not have a retroactive effect, except
- in cases when this is more favourable for the citizens.
-
-
- Article 53
-
- Attorneyship is an autonomous and independent public service,
- providing a legal assistance and carrying out public mandates in
- accordance with the law.
-
-
- Article 54
-
- The freedoms and rights of the individual and citizen can be
- restricted only in cases determined by the Constitution.
- The freedoms and rights of the individual and citizen can be
- restricted during states of war or emergency, in accordance with the
- provisions of the Constitution.
- The restriction of freedoms and rights cannot discriminate on grounds
- of sex, race, colour of skin, language, religion, national or social
- origin, property or social status.
- The restriction of freedoms and rights cannot be applied to the
- right to life, the interdiction of torture, inhuman and humiliating
- conduct and punishment, the legal determination of punishable
- offences and sentences, as well as to the freedom of personal
- conviction, conscience, thought and religious confession.
-
-
- 4. Foundations for economic relations
-
- Article 55
-
- The freedom of the market and entrepreneurship is guaranteed.
- The Republic ensures an equal legal position to all parties in the
- market. The Republic takes measures against monopolistic positions
- and monopolistic conduct on the market.
- The freedom of the market and entrepreneurship can be restricted by
- law only for reasons of the defence of the Republic, protection of
- the natural and living environment or public health.
-
-
- Article 56
-
- All the natural resources of the Republic of Macedonia, the flora and
- fauna, amenities in common use, as well as the objects and buildings
- of particular cultural and historical value determined by law, are
- amenities of common interest for the Republic and enjoy particular
- protection.
- The Republic guarantees the protection, promotion and enhancement of
- the historical and artistic heritage of the Macedonian people and of
- the nationalities and the treasures of which it is composed,
- regardless of their legal status. The law regulates the mode and
- conditions under which specific items of general interest for the
- Republic can be ceded for use.
-
-
- Article 57
-
- The Republic of Macedonia stimulates economic progress and provides
- for a more balanced spatial and regional development, as well as for
- the more rapid development of economically underdeveloped regions.
-
-
- Article 58
-
- Ownership and labour form the basis for management and sharing in
- decision-making.
- Participation in management and decision-making in public
- institutions and services is regulated by law, on the principles of
- expertise and competence.
-
-
- Article 59
-
- Foreign investors are guaranteed the right to the free transfer of
- invested capital and profits.
- The rights obtained on the basis of the capital invested may not be
- reduced by law or other regulations.
-
-
- Article 60
-
- The National Bank of the Republic of Macedonia is a currency-issuing
- bank.
- The National Bank is autonomous and responsible for the stability of
- the currency, monetary policy and for the general liquidity of
- payments in the Republic and abroad.
- The organisation and work of the National Bank are regulated by law.
-
-
-
- III THE ORGANISATION OF STATE AUTHORITY
-
- 1. The Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia
-
- Article 61
-
- The Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia is a representative body of
- the citizens and the legislative power of the Republic is vested in it.
- The organisation and functioning of the Assembly are regulated by the
- Constitution and by the Rules of Procedure.
-
-
- Article 62
-
- The Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia is composed of 120 to 140
- Representatives.
- The Representatives are elected at general, direct and free elections
- and by secret ballot.
- The Representatives represents the citizens and makes decisions in the
- Assembly in accordance with his/her personal convictions.
- A Representative's mandate cannot be revoked.
- The mode and conditions of election of Representatives are regulated
- by a law adopted by a two-thirds majority vote of the total number
- of Representatives.
-
-
- Article 63
-
- The Representatives for the Assembly are elected for a term of four
- years. The mandate of Representatives is verified by the Assembly.
- The length of the mandate is reckoned from the constitutive meeting
- of the Assembly. Each newly-elected Assembly must hold a constitutive
- meeting 20 days at the latest after the election was held. The
- constitutive meeting is called by the President of the Assembly of
- the previous term.
- If a constitutive meeting is not called within the time laid down,
- the Representatives assemble and constitute the Assembly themselves
- on the twenty-first day after the completion of the elections.
- Elections for Representatives to the Assembly are held within the
- last 90 days of the term of the current Assembly, or within 60 days
- from the day the dissolution of the Assembly.
- The term of office of the Representatives to the Assembly can be
- extended only during states of war or emergency.
- Cases where a citizen cannot be elected a Representative, owing to
- the incompatibility of this office with other public offices or
- professions already held, are defined by law. The Assembly is
- dissolved when more than half of the total number of Representatives
- vote for dissolution.
-
-
- Article 64
-
- Representatives enjoy immunity.
- A Representative cannot be held to have committed a criminal offence
- or be detained owing to views he/she has expressed or to the way
- he/she has voted in the Assembly.
- A Representative cannot be detained without the approval of the
- Assembly unless found committing a criminal offence for which a
- prison sentence of at least five years if prescribed.
- The Assembly can decide to invoke immunity for a Representative
- without his/her request, should it be necessary for the performance
- of the Representative's office.
- Representatives may not be called up for duties in the Armed Forces
- during the course of their term of office.
- A Representative is entitled to remuneration determined by law.
-
-
- Article 65
-
- A Representative may resign his/her mandate.
- The Representative submits his/her resignation in person at a session
- of the Assembly.
- The mandate of a Representative terminates if he/she is sentences for
- a criminal offence for which a prison sentence of at least five years
- is prescribed.
- The Representative can have his/her mandate revoked for committing a
- criminal offence making him/her unfit to perform the office of a
- Representative, as well as for absence from the Assembly for longer
- than 6 months for no justifiable reason. Revocation of the mandate is
- determined by the Assembly by a two-thirds majority vote of all
- Representatives.
-
-
- Article 66
-
- The Assembly is in permanent session.
- The Assembly works at meetings.
- The meetings of the Assembly are called by the President of the
- Assembly.
- The Assembly adopts the Rules of Procedure by a two-thirds majority
- vote of the total number of Representatives.
-
-
- Article 67
-
- The Assembly elects a President and one or more Vice-Presidents from
- the ranks of the Representatives by a majority vote of the total
- number of Representatives.
- The President of the Assembly represents the Assembly, ensures the
- application of the Rules of Procedure and carries out other
- responsibilities determined by the Constitution and the Rules of
- Procedure of the Assembly.
- The office of the President of the Assembly is incompatible with the
- performance of other public offices, professions or appointment in a
- political party.
- The President of the Assembly issues notice to the election of
- Representatives and of the President of the Republic.
-
-
- Article 68
-
- The Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia
-
- - adopts and changes the Constitution;
- - adopts laws and gives the authentic interpretation of laws;
- - determines public taxes and fees;
- - adopts the budget and the balance of payments of the Republic;
- - adopts the spatial plan of the Republic;
- - ratifies international agreements;
- - decides on war and peace;
- - makes decisions concerning any changes in the borders of the
- Republic;
- - makes decisions on association in the disassociation from any form
- of union or community with other states;
- - issues notice of a referendum;
- - makes decisions concerning the reserves of the Republic;
- - sets up councils;
- - elects the Government of the Republic of Macedonia;
- - carries out elections and discharges judges;
- - selects, appoints and dismisses other holders of public and other
- offices determined by the Constitution and law;
- - carries out political monitoring and supervision of the Government
- and other holders of public office responsible to the Assembly;
- - proclaims amnesties; and
- - performs other activities determined by the Constitution.
-
- In carrying out the duties within its sphere of competence, the
- Assembly adopts decisions, declarations, resolutions, recommendations
- and conclusions.
-
-
- Article 69
-
- The Assembly may work if its meeting is attended by a majority of the
- total number of Representatives. The Assembly makes decisions by a
- majority vote of the Representatives attending, but no less than
- one-third of the total number of Representatives, in so far as the
- Constitution does not provide for a qualified majority.
-
-
- Article 70
-
- The meetings of the Assembly are open to the public.
- The Assembly may decide to work without the presence of the public by
- a two-thirds majority vote of the total number of Representatives.
-
-
- Article 71
-
- The right to propose adoption of a law is given to every
- Representative of the Assembly, to the Government of the Republic and
- to a group of at least 10,000 voters.
- The initiative for adopting a law may be given to the authorised
- instances by any citizen, group of citizens, institutions or
- associations.
-
-
- Article 72
-
- An interpellation may be made concerning the work of any public
- office-holder, the Government and any ot its members individually, as
- well as on issues concerning the performance of state bodies.
- Interpellations may be made by a minimum of five Representatives.
- All Representatives have the right to ask a Representative's question.
- The mode and procedure for submitting and debating on an
- interpellation and Representative's question are regulated by the
- Rules of Procedure.
-
- Article 73
-
- The Assembly decides on issuing notice of a referendum concerning
- specific matters within its sphere of competence by a majority vote
- of the total number of Representatives.
- The decision of the majority of votes in a referendum is adopted on
- condition that more than half of the total number of voters voted.
- The Assembly is obliged to issue notice of a referendum if one is
- proposed by at least 150,000 voters.
- The decision made in a referendum is binding.
-
-
- Article 74
-
- The Assembly makes decisions on any change in the borders of the
- Republic of Macedonia by a two-thirds majority vote of the total
- number of Representatives.
- The decision on any change in the borders of the Republic is adopted
- by referendum, in so far as it is accepted by the majority of the
- total number of voters.
-
-
- Article 75
-
- Laws are declared by promulgation.
- The promulgation declaring a law is signed by the President of the
- Republic and the President of the Assembly.
- The President of the Republic may decide not to sign the promulgation
- declaring a law. The Assembly considers the President of the Republic
- is then obligated to sign the promulgation in so far as it is adopted
- by a majority vote of the total number of Representatives.
- The President is obligated to sign a promulgation if the law has been
- adopted by a two-thirds majority vote of the total number of
- Representatives in accordance with the Constitution.
-
-
- Article 76
-
- The Assembly sets up permanent and temporary working bodies.
- The Assembly may set up survey commissions for any domain or any
- matter of public interest.
- A proposal for setting up a survey of commission may be submitted by
- a minimum of 20 Representatives.
- The Assembly sets u p a permanent survey commission for the
- protection of the freedoms and rights of citizens.
- The findings of the survey commissions form the basis for the
- initiation of proceedings to ascertain the answerability of public
- office-holders.
-
-
- Article 77
-
- The Assembly elects the Public Attorney.
- The Public Attorney protects the constitutional and legal rights of
- citizens when violated by bodies of state administration and by other
- bodies and organisations with public mandates.
- The Public Attorney is elected for a term of eight years, with the
- right to one reelection.
- The conditions for election and dismissal, the sphere of competence
- and the mode of work of the Public Attorney are regulated by law.
-
-
- Article 78
-
- The Assembly establishes a Council for Inter-Ethnic Relations.
- The Council consists of the President of the Assembly and two members
- each form the ranks of the Macedonians, Albanians, Turks, Vlachs and
- Romanies, as well as two members from the ranks of other
- nationalities in Macedonia.
- The President of the Assembly is President of the Council.
- The Assembly elects the members of the Council.
- The Council considers issues of inter-ethnic relations in the
- Republic and makes appraisals and proposals for their solution.
- The Assembly is obliged to take into consideration the appraisals and
- proposals of the Council and to make decisions regarding them.
-
-
-
- 2. The President of the Republic of Macedonia
-
- Article 79
-
- The President of the Republic of Macedonia represents the Republic.
- The President of the Republic is Commander-in-Chief of the Armed
- Forces of Macedonia.
- The President of the Republic exercises his/her rights and duties on
- the basis and within the framework of the Constitution and laws.
-
-
- Article 80
-
- The President of the Republic of elected is general and directs
- elections, by secret ballot, for a term of five years.
- A person may be elected President of the Republic of Macedonia two
- times at most.
- The President of the Republic shall be a citizen of the Republic of
- Macedonia.
- A person may be elected President of the Republic if over the age of
- 40 on the day of election.
- A person may not be elected President of the Republic if, on the day
- of the election, he/she has not been a resident of the Republic of
- Macedonia for at least ten years within the last fifteen years.
-
-
- Article 81
-
- A candidate for President of the Republic can be nominated by a
- minimum of 10,000 voters or at least 30 Representatives.
- A candidate for President of the Republic is elected if voted by a
- majority of the total number of voters.
- If in the first round of voting no candidate wins the majority
- required, voting in the second round is restricted to the two
- candidates who have won most votes in the first round.
- The second round takes place within 14 days of the termination of
- voting in the first round.
- A candidate is elected President if he/she wins a majority of the
- votes of those who voted, provided more than half of the registered
- voters voted.
- If in the second round of voting no candidate wins the required
- majority of votes, the whole electoral procedure is repeated.
- If only one candidate is nominated for the post of President of the
- Republic and he/she does not obtain the required majority of votes in
- the first round, the whole electoral procedure is repeated.
- The election of the President of the Republic takes place within the
- last 60 days of the term of the previous President. Should the term
- of office of the President of the Republic be terminated for any
- reason, the election of a new President takes place within 40 days
- from the day of termination.
- Before taking up office, the President of the Republic of Macedonia
- makes a solemn declaration before the Assembly of his/her commitment
- to respect the Constitution and laws.
-
-
- Article 82
-
- In case of death, resignation, permanent inability to perform his/her
- duties, or in case of termination of the mandate in accordance with
- the provisions of the Constitution, the office of the President of
- the Republic is carried out by the President of the Assembly until
- the election of the new President.
- Decisions on the applicability of the conditions for the occasion of
- the office of the President of the Republic are the official duty of
- the Constitutional Court.
- Should the President of the Republic be temporarily unable to preform
- his/her duties, the President of the Assembly deputises for him/her.
- While the President of the Assembly is performing the office of
- President of the Republic, he/she takes part in the work of the
- Assembly without the right to vote.
-
-
- Article 83
-
- The duty of the President of the Republic is incompatible with the
- performance of any other public office, profession or appointment in
- a political party.
- The President of the Republic is granted immunity.
- The Constitutional Court decides by a two-thirds majority vote of the
- total number and approving of detention for the President of the
- Republic.
-
-
- Article 84
-
- The President of the Republic of Macedonia
-
- - nominates a mandator to constitute the Government of the Republic
- of Macedonia;
- - appoints and dismisses by decree ambassadors and other diplomatic
- representatives of the Republic of Macedonia abroad;
- - accepts the credentials and letters of recall of foreign diplomatic
- representatives;
- - proposes two judges to sit on the Constitutional Court of the
- Republic of Macedonia;
- - proposes two members of the Republican Judicial Council;
- - appoints three members to the Security Council of the Republic of
- Macedonia;
- - proposes the members of the Council for Inter-Ethnic Relations;
- - appoints and dismisses other holders of state and public office
- determined by the Constitution and the law;
- - grants decorations and honours in accordance with the law;
- - grants pardons in accordance with the law; and
- - performs other duties determined by the Constitution.
-
-
- Article 85
-
- The President of the Republic addresses the Assembly on issues within
- his/her sphere of competence at least once a year.
- The Assembly may request the President of the Republic to state an
- opinion on issues within his/her sphere of competence.
-
-
- Article 86
-
- The President of the republic is President of the Security Council of
- the Republic of Macedonia.
- The Security Council of the Republic is composed of the President of
- the Republic, the President of the Assembly, the Prime Minister, the
- Ministers heading the bodies of state administration in the fields of
- security, defence and foreign affairs and three members appointed by
- the President of the Republic.
- The Council considers issues relating to the security and defence of
- the Republic and makes policy proposals to the Assembly and the
- Government.
-
-
- Article 87
-
- The President is held accountable for any violations of the
- Constitution in exercising his/her rights and duties.
- The procedure for determining the President of the Republic's
- answerability is initiated by the Assembly with a two-thirds majority
- vote of all Representatives.
- It is the Constitutional Court that decides on the answerability of
- the President by a two-thirds majority vote of all judges.
- If the Constitutional Court considers the President answerable for a
- violation, his/her mandate is terminated by the force of the
- Constitution.
-
-
- 3. The Government of the Republic of Macedonia.
-
- Article 88
-
- Executive power is vested in the Government of the Republic of
- Macedonia.
- The Government exercises its rights and competence on the basis and
- within the framework of the Constitution and law.
-
-
- Article 89
-
- The Government is composed of a Prime Minister and Ministers.
- The Prime Minister and the Ministers cannot be Representatives in the
- Assembly.
- The Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Ministers and Ministers are
- guaranteed immunity. The Government decides on their immunity.
- The Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Ministers and Ministers cannot be
- called up for duties in the Armed Forces.
- The office of Prime Minister or Minister is incompatible with any
- other public office or profession.
- The organisation and mode of working of the Government are regulated
- by law.
-
-
- Article 90
-
- The President of the Republic of Macedonia is obliged, within 10 days
- of the constitution of the Assembly, to entrust the mandate for
- constituting the Government to a candidate from the party or parties
- which has/have a majority in the Assembly.
- Within 20 days from the day of being entrusted with the mandate, the
- mandator submits a programme to the Assembly and proposes the
- composition of the Government.
- The Government is elected by the Assembly on the proposal of the
- mandator and on the basis of the programme by a majority vote of the
- total number of Representatives.
-
-
- Article 91
-
- The Government of the Republic of Macedonia
-
- - determines the policy of carrying out the laws and other
- regulations of the Assembly and is responsible for their execution;
- - proposes laws, the budget of the Republic and other regulations
- adopted by the Assembly;
- - proposes a spatial plan of the Republic;
- - proposes decisions concerning the reserves of the Republic and sees
- to their execution;
- - adopts by laws and other acts for the execution of laws;
- - lays down principles on the internal organisation and work of the
- Ministries and other administrative bodies, directing and
- supervising their work;
- - provides appraisals of drafts of laws and other acts submitted to
- the Assembly by other authorised bodies;
- - decides on the recognition of states and governments;
- - establishes diplomatic and consular relations with other states;
- - makes a decision on opening diplomatic and consular offices abroad;
- - proposes the appointment of ambassadors and Representatives of the
- Republic of Macedonia abroad and appoints chiefs of consular
- offices;
- - proposes the Public Prosecutor;
- - appoints and dismisses holders of public and other office
- determined by the Constitution and laws; and
- - performs other duties determined by the Constitution and law.
-
-
- Article 92
-
- The Government and each of its members are accountable to the
- Assembly.
- The Assembly may take a vote of no-confidence in the Government.
- A vote of no-confidence in the Government may be initiate by a
- minimum of 20 Representatives.
- The vote of no-confidence in the Government is taken after three days
- have elapsed since the last vote, unless proposed by a majority of
- all Representatives.
- A vote of no-confidence in the Government is adopted by a majority
- vote of all the Representatives. If a vote of no-confidence in the
- Government is passed, the Government is obliged to submit its
- resignation.
-
-
- Article 93
-
- The Government itself has the right to raise the question of
- confidence before the Assembly.
- The Government has the right to submit its resignation.
- The resignation of the Prime Minister, his/her death or permanent
- inability to perform his/her duties entail the resignation of the
- Government.
- The Government ceases its term of office when the Assembly is
- dissolved.
- When a vote of no-confidence in the Government has been passed, it
- has submitted its resignation, or its term of office has ceased owing
- to the dissolution of the Assembly, the same Government remains on
- duty until the election of a new Government.
-
-
- Article 94
-
- A member of the Government has the right to submit his/her
- resignation.
- The Prime Minister may propose the dismissal of a member of the
- Government.
- The Assembly decides on the proposal for the dismissal of a member of
- the Government at its first meeting following the proposal.
- If the Prime Minister dismisses more than one-third of the initial
- composition of the Government, the Assembly follows the same
- procedure as for the election of a new Government.
-
-
- Article 95
-
- The state administration consists of Ministers and other
- administrative bodies and organisations determined by law.
- Political organisation and activities within bodies of state
- administration are regulated by a law to be adopted by a two-thirds
- majority vote of all Representatives.
-
-
- Article 96
-
- The bodies of state administration perform the duties within their
- sphere of competence autonomously and on the basis and within the
- framework of the Constitution and laws, being accountable for their
- work to the Government.
-
-
- Article 97
-
- The bodies of state administration in the fields of defence and the
- police are to be headed by civilians who have been civilians for at
- least three years before their election to these offices.
-
-
- 4. The Judiciary
-
- Article 98
-
- Judiciary power is exercised by courts.
- Courts are autonomous and independent. Courts judge on the basis of
- the Constitution and laws and international agreements ratified in
- accordance with the Constitution.
- There is one form of organisation for the judiciary.
- Emergency courts are prohibited.
- The types of courts, their spheres of competence, their
- establishment, abrogation, organisation and composition, as well as
- the procedure they follow are regulated by a law adopted by a
- majority vote of two-thirds of the total number of Representatives.
-
-
- Article 99
-
- A judge is elected without restriction of his/her term of office.
- A judge cannot be transferred against his/her will.
- A judge is discharged
-
- - if he/she so requests;
- - if he/she permanently loses the capability of carrying out a
- judge's office, which is determined by the Republican Judicial
- Council;
- - if he/she fulfils the conditions for retirement;
- - if he/she is sentenced for a criminal offence to a prison term of a
- minimum of six months;
- - owing to a serious disciplinary offence defined in law, making
- him/her unsuitable to perform a judge's office as decided by the
- Republican Judicial Council; and
- - owing to unprofessional and unethical performance of a judge's
- office, as decided by the Republican Judicial Council in a
- procedure regulated by law.
-
-
- Article 100
-
- Judges are granted immunity.
- The Assembly decides on the immunity of judges.
- The performance of a judge's office is incompatible with other public
- office, profession or membership in a political party.
- Political organisation and activity in the judiciary is prohibited.
-
-
- Article 101
-
- The Supreme Court of Macedonia is the highest court in the Republic,
- providing uniformity in the implementation of the laws by the courts.
-
-
- Article 102
-
- Court hearings and the passing of verdicts are public.
- The public can be excluded in cases determined by law.
-
-
- Article 103
-
- The court tries cases in council.
- The law determined cases in which a judge can sit alone.
- Jury judges take part in a trial in cases determined by law.
- Jury judges cannot be held answerable for their opinions and
- decisions concerning their verdict.
-
-
- Article 104
-
- The Republican Judicial Council is composed of seven members.
- The Assembly elects the members of the Council.
- The members of the Council are elected from the ranks of outstanding
- members of the legal profession for a term of six years with the
- right to one reelection.
- Members of the Republican Judicial Council are granted immunity. The
- Assembly decides on their immunity.
- The office of a member of the Republican Judicial Council is
- incompatible with the performance of other public offices,
- professions or membership in political parties.
-
-
- Article 105
-
- The Republican Judicial Council
-
- - proposes to the Assembly the election and discharge of judges and
- determines proposals for the discharge of a judge's office in cases
- laid down in the Constitution;
- - decides on the disciplinary answerability of judges;
- - assesses the competence and ethics of judges in the performance of
- their office; and
- - proposes two judges to sit on the Constitutional Court of
- Macedonia.
-
-
- 5. The Public Prosecutor's Office
-
- Article 106
-
- The Public Prosecutor's Office is a single and autonomous state body
- carrying out legal measures against persons who have committed
- criminal and other offences determined by law; it also performs other
- duties determined by law.
- The Public Prosecutor's Office carries out its duties on the basis of
- and within the framework of the Constitution and law.
- The Public Prosecutor is appointed by the Assembly for a term of six
- years and is discharged by the Assembly.
-
-
- Article 107
-
- The Public Prosecutor is granted immunity.
- The Assembly decides on his/her immunity.
- The office of the Public Prosecutor is incompatible with the
- performance of any other public office, profession or membership in a
- political party.
-
-
-
- IV. THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF MACEDONIA
-
- Article 108
-
- The Constitutional Court of Macedonia is a body of the Republic
- protecting constitutionality and legality.
-
-
- Article 109
-
- The Constitutional Court of Macedonia is composed of nine judges.
- The Assembly elects the judges to the Constitutional Court by a
- majority vote of the total number of Representatives. The term of
- office of the judges is nine years without the right to reelection.
- The Constitutional Court elects a President from its own ranks for a
- term of three years without the right to reelection.
- Judges of the Constitutional Court are elected from the ranks of
- outstanding members of the legal profession.
-
-
- Article 110
-
- The Constitutional Court of Macedonia.
-
- - decides on the conformity of laws with the Constitution;
- - decides on the conformity of collective agreements and other
- regulations with the Constitution and laws;
- - protects the freedoms and rights of the individual and citizen
- relating to the freedom of communication, conscience, thought and
- activity as well as to the prohibition of discrimination among
- citizens on the grounds of sex, race, religion or national, social
- or political affiliation;
- - decides on conflicts of competency among holders of legislative,
- executive and judicial offices;
- - decides on conflicts of competency among Republic bodies and units
- of local self-government;
- - decides on the answerability of the programmes and status of
- political parties and associations of citizens; and
- - decides on other issues determined by the Constitution.
-
-
- Article 111
-
- The office of judge of the Constitutional Court is incompatible with
- the performance of other public office, profession or membership in a
- political party.
- Judges of the Constitutional Court are granted immunity. The
- Constitutional Court decides on their immunity.
- Judges of the Constitutional Court cannot be called up for duties in
- the Armed Forces.
- The office of a judge of the Constitutional Court ceases when the
- incumbent resigns. A judge of the Constitutional Court shall be
- discharged from office if sentenced for a criminal offence to
- unconditional imprisonment of a minimum of six months, or if he/she
- permanently loses the capability of performing his/her office, as
- determined by the Constitutional Court.
-
-
- Article 112
-
- The Constitutional Court shall repeal or invalidate a law if it
- determines that the law does not conform to the Constitution.
- The Constitutional Court shall repeal or invalidate a collective
- agreement, other regulation or enactment, statue or programme of a
- political party or association, if it determines that the same does
- not conform to the Constitution or law.
- The decisions of the Constitutional Court are final and executive.
-
-
- Article 113
-
- The mode of work and the procedure of the Constitutional Court are
- regulated by the enactment of the Court.
-
-
- V. LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT
-
- Article 114
-
- The right of citizens to local self-government is guaranteed.
- Municipalities are units of local self-government.
- Within municipalities forms of neighbourhood self-government may be
- established.
- Municipalities are financed from their own sources of income
- determined by law as well as by funds from the Republic.
- Local self-government is regulated by a law adopted by a two-thirds
- majority of the total number of Representatives.
-
-
- Article 115
-
- In units of local self-government, citizens directly and through
- representatives participate in decision-making on issues of local
- relevance particularly in the fields of urban planning, communal
- activities, culture, sport, social security and child care, preschool
- education, primary education, basic health care and other fields
- determined by law.
- The municipality is autonomous in the execution of its
- constitutionally and legally determined spheres of competence;
- supervision of the legality of its work is carried out by the
- Republic.
- The carrying out of specified matters can by law be entrusted to the
- municipality by the Republic.
-
-
- Article 116
-
- The territorial division of the Republic and the area administered
- by each municipality are defined by law.
-
-
- Article 117
-
- The City of Skopje is a particular unit of local self-government the
- organisation of which is regulated by law.
- In the City of Skopje, citizens directly and through representatives
- participate in decision-making on issues of relevance for the City of
- Skopje particularly in the field of urban planning, communal
- activities, culture, sport, social security and child care, preschool
- education, primary education, basic health care and other fields
- determined by law.
- The City of Skopje is financed from its own sources of income
- determined by law, as well as by funds from the Republic.
- The City is autonomous in the execution of its constitutionally
- and legally determined spheres of competence; supervision of the
- legality of its work is carried out by the Republic.
- By law, the Republic can entrust the carrying out of specified
- matters to the City.
-
-
- VI. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
-
- Article 118
-
- The international agreements ratified in accordance with the
- Constitution are part of the internal legal order and cannot be
- changed by law.
-
-
- Article 119
-
- International agreement are concludes in the name of the Republic of
- Macedonia by the President of the Republic of Macedonia.
- International agreements may also be concludes by the Government of
- the Republic of Macedonia, when it is so determined by law.
-
-
- Article 120
-
- A proposal for association in a union or community with other states
- or for dissociation from a union or community with other states may
- be submitted by the President of the Republic, the Government or by
- at least 40 Representatives.
- The proposal for association in or dissociation from a union or
- community with other states is accepted by the Assembly by a
- two-thirds majority vote of the total number of Representatives.
- The decision of association in or dissociation from a union or
- community with other states is adopted if it us upheld in a
- referendum by the majority of the total number of voters in the
- Republic.
-
- Article 121
-
- A decision of association or dissociation concerning membership in
- international organisations is adopted by the Assembly by a majority
- vote of the total number of Representatives of the Republic, the
- Government or at least 40 Representatives of the Assembly.
-
-
- VII. THE DEFENCE OF THE REPUBLIC AND STATES OF WAR AND EMERGENCY
-
- Article 122
-
- The Armed Forces of the Republic of Macedonia protect the territorial
- integrity and independence of the Republic.
- The defence of the Republic is regulated by a law adopted by a
- two-thirds majority vote to the total number of Representatives.
-
-
- Article 123
-
- No person is authorised to recognise occupation of the Republic of
- Macedonia or of part thereof.
-
-
- Article 124
-
- A state of war exists when direct danger of military attack on the
- Republic is impending, or when the Republic is attacked, or war is
- declared on it.
- A state of war is declared by the Assembly by a two-thirds majority
- vote of the total number of Representatives of the Assembly, on the
- proposal of the President of the Republic, the Government or at least
- 30 Representatives.
- If the Assembly cannot meet, the decision on the declaration of a
- state of war is made by the President of the Republic who submits it
- to the Assembly for confirmation as soon as it can meet.
-
-
- Article 125
-
- A state of emergency exists when major natural disasters or epidemics
- take place.
- A state of emergency on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia or
- on part thereof is determined by the Assembly on a proposal by the
- President of the Republic, the Government or by at least 30
- Representatives.
- The decision to establish the existence of a state of emergency is
- made by a two-thirds majority vote of the total number of
- Representatives and can remain in force for a maximum of 30 days.
- If the Assembly cannot meet, the decision to establish the existence
- of a state of emergency is made by the President of the Republic, who
- submits it to the Assembly for confirmation as soon as it can meet.
-
-
- Article 126
-
- During a state of war or emergency, the Government, in accordance
- with the Constitution and law, issues decrees with the force of law.
- The authorisation of the Government to issue decrees with the force
- of law lasts until the termination of the state of war or emergency,
- on which the Assembly decides.
-
-
- Article 127
-
- During a state of war, if the Assembly cannot meet, the President of
- the Republic may appoint and discharge the Government, as well as
- appoint or dismiss officials whose election is within the sphere of
- competence of the Assembly.
-
-
- Article 128
-
- The mandate of the judges of the Constitutional Court of Macedonia,
- as well as members of the Republican Judicial Council is extended
- for the duration of the state of war or emergency.
-
-
- VII. CHANGES IN THE CONSTITUTION
-
- Article 129
-
- The Constitution of the Republic of Macedonia can be changed or
- supplemented by constitutional amendments.
-
-
- Article 130
-
- A proposal to initiate a change in the Constitution of the Republic
- of Macedonia may be made by the President of the Republic, by the
- Government, by at least 30 Representatives, or by 150,000 citizens.
-
-
- Article 131
-
- The decisions to initiate a change in the Constitution is made by the
- Assembly by a two-thirds majority vote of the total number of
- Representatives.
- The draft amendment of the Constitution is confirmed by the Assembly
- by a majority vote of the total number of Representatives and then
- submitted to public debate.
- The decision to change the Constitution is made by the Assembly by a
- two-thirds majority vote of the total number of Representatives.
- The change in the Constitution is declared by the Assembly.
-
-
-
- IX. TRANSITIONAL AND FINAL CLAUSES
-
- Article 132
-
- Time of residence in other republics in the Socialist Federal
- Republic of Yugoslavia is also included in the time span specified in
- Article 80, Paragraph 5.
-
-
- Article 133
-
- A Constitution Act shall be adopted for the implementation of the
- Constitution.
- The Constitution Act is adopted by a two-thirds majority vote of the
- total number of Representatives.
- The Constitution Act is declared by the Assembly and comes into force
- simultaneously with the declaration of the Constitution.
-
-
- Article 134
-
- This Constitution comes into force on the day it is declared in the
- Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia.
-
-
-
- AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
-
- Amendment I
-
- 1. The Republic of Macedonia has no territorial pretensions towards
- any neighbouring state.
-
- 2. The borders of the Republic of Macedonia can only be changed in
- accordance with the Constitution and on the principle of free will,
- as well in accordance with generally accepted international norms.
-
- 3. Clause 1. of this Amendment is an Addendum to Article 3 of the
- Constitution of the Republic of Macedonia. Clause 2. replaces
- Paragraph 3 of the same Article.
-
-
- Amendment II
-
- 1. In the exercise of this concern the Republic will not interfere in
- the sovereign rights of other states or in their internal affairs.
-
- 2. This Amendment is an Addendum to Paragraph 1 of Article 49 of the
- Constitution of the Republic of Macedonia.
-
-
- These Amendments are an integral part of the Constitution of the
- Republic of Macedonia and came into force on the day they were
- promulgated, on January 6th, 1992.
-
-
-
-