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- A magnetic compass, such as the Silva Ranger, points towards Magnetic North.
- Most maps are oriented to True North. The difference is the Declination.
-
- Declination is measured in degrees East or West.
-
- I find the conventions of declinations very confusing. Declination in the east
- is west, and west is east. Every time, I must think of the physical situation.
-
- Imagine a beach ball made of many pieces, each fat in the middle and tapering
- towards the ends. Hold it so that all the pieces come together at the top and
- bottom, and the fat parts are horizontal around the middle.
-
- Draw a belt around the middle. Label the top "North Pole", the bottom "South
- Pole", the belt "Equator", and the seams "lines of latitude". Now draw in the
- continent of North America. It doesn't need to be a good drawing, since it is
- entirely imaginary. Now make an "X" a little northwest of Hudson's Bay,
- Canada, and label it "Magnetic North". Got that?
-
- Mark a "M" at Massachusetts, "K" at Kentucky, and "C" at California. Draw a
- line from Kentucky to Magnetic North and another from Kentucky to True North.
- They should be almost overlapping. Do this at Massachusetts. The Magnetic
- North line is left or West of the True North line. In California, the Magnetic
- North line is to the right or East of the True North line.
-
- There is a declination map for the United States of America in the Silva Ranger
- Instruction Manual. (Note that Rensselaer and Washington Counties in New York
- have been ceded to Vermont!) If you have a Brunton Model 8040, then there is
- even a declination map printed right on the back of the compass mirror.
-
- Declination changes not only from one locality to another, but also with time
- at the same locality. In Kentucky, the declination has changed about 5° since
- my farm was first surveyed shortly after the War of 1812. In Upstate New York,
- the declination has changed about 10° since Kiliaen van Rensselaer "bought" it
- from the Indians in 1635.
-
- The effect of declination on a plot of your deed is to rotate it by that number
- of degrees. Big deal. If you don't know the declination where and when your
- parcel was surveyed, call it zero and you will have a map oriented to Magnetic
- North.
-
- Access to the entire text files is thru <CONTENTS>.
-
-