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industrial city (brewing, printing, precision
instruments, machinery, electrical goods,
textiles), capital of Bavaria, Germany, on
the river Isar; population (1986) 1,269,400.
features Munich owes many of its buildings
and art treasures to the kings Ludwig I and
Maximilian II of Bavaria. The cathedral is
late 15th century. The Alte Pinakothek
contains paintings by old masters, and the
Neue Pinakothek, modern paintings; there is
the Bavarian National Museum, the Bavarian
State Library, and the Deutsches Museum
(science and technology). The university,
founded at Ingolstadt 1472, was transferred
to Munich 1826; to the NE at Garching there
is a nuclear research center.
history Dating from the 12th century, Munich
became the residence of the dukes of
Wittelsbach in the 13th century, and the
capital of independent Bavaria. It was the
scene of the November revolution of 1918, the
`Soviet` republic of 1919, and the Hitler
putsch of 1923. It became the center of the
Nazi movement, and the Munich Agreement of
1938 was signed there. When the 1972 Summer
Olympics were held in Munich, a number of
Israeli athletes were killed by guerrillas.