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The Epic Interactive Encyclopedia 1997
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1992-09-02
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The conflict between the papacy and the Holy
Roman Empire 1075-1122, which centred on the
right of lay rulers to appoint prelates. It
began with the decree of 1075 in which Pope
Gregory VII (1021-85) forbade lay investiture
and with Henry IV's excommunication the
following year after he refused to accept the
ruling. There was a lull in the conflict
after Henry's death in 1106, but in 1111,
Henry V captured Paschal II (c.1050-1118),
and forced him to concede that only lay
rulers could endow prelates with their
temporalities (lands and other possessions).
When this was overturned by the Lateran
Council of 1112, the church split between
pro-papal and pro-imperial factions, and
fighting broke out in Germany and Italy.
Settlement was reached in 1122 at the Diet of
Worms, when it was agreed that lay rulers
could not appoint prelates but could continue
to invest them with their temporalities.