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The Epic Interactive Encyclopedia 1997
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1992-09-03
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Rival parties in medieval Germany and Italy,
which supported the papal party and the Holy
Roman emperors respectively. They originated
in the 12th century as partisans of the rival
German houses of Welf (hence Guelph or
Guelf), dukes of Bavaria, and of the lords of
Hohenstaufen (whose castle at Waiblingen gave
the Ghibellines their name), who struggled
for the imperial crown after the death of
Henry VI in 1197, until the Hohenstaufen
dynasty died out in 1268. The Guelphs early
became associated with the papacy because of
their mutual Hohenstaufen enemy. In Italy,
the terms were introduced about 1242, in
Florence; the names seem to have been grafted
on to pre-existing papal and imperial
factions within the city-republics.