/ HPAVC / HPAVC CD-ROM.iso / pc / TSFAQP15.ZIP / FAQPAS.TXT

next >

MacOS 8.1

Win98

DOS

browse contents

view JSON data

view as text

+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
|00000000| 46 72 6f 6d 20 74 73 40 | 75 77 61 73 61 2e 66 69 |From ts@|uwasa.fi|
|00000010| 20 57 65 64 20 41 75 67 | 20 31 38 20 30 30 3a 30 | Wed Aug| 18 00:0|
|00000020| 30 3a 30 30 20 31 39 39 | 33 0d 0a 53 75 62 6a 65 |0:00 199|3..Subje|
|00000030| 63 74 3a 20 46 41 51 50 | 41 53 2e 54 58 54 20 63 |ct: FAQP|AS.TXT c|
|00000040| 6f 6e 74 65 6e 74 73 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ontents |        |
|00000050| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 28 41 6c 6c 20 72 |        |  (All r|
|00000060| 69 67 68 74 73 20 72 65 | 73 65 72 76 65 64 29 0d |ights re|served).|
|00000070| 0a 0d 0a 46 41 51 50 41 | 53 2e 54 58 54 20 46 72 |...FAQPA|S.TXT Fr|
|00000080| 65 71 75 65 6e 74 6c 79 | 20 28 61 6e 64 20 6e 6f |equently| (and no|
|00000090| 74 20 73 6f 20 66 72 65 | 71 75 65 6e 74 6c 79 29 |t so fre|quently)|
|000000a0| 20 61 73 6b 65 64 20 54 | 75 72 62 6f 20 50 61 73 | asked T|urbo Pas|
|000000b0| 63 61 6c 0d 0a 71 75 65 | 73 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 77 |cal..que|stions w|
|000000c0| 69 74 68 20 54 69 6d 6f | 27 73 20 61 6e 73 77 65 |ith Timo|'s answe|
|000000d0| 72 73 2e 20 54 68 65 20 | 71 75 65 73 74 69 6f 6e |rs. The |question|
|000000e0| 73 20 61 72 65 20 69 6e | 20 6e 6f 20 70 61 72 74 |s are in| no part|
|000000f0| 69 63 75 6c 61 72 0d 0a | 6f 72 64 65 72 2e 0d 0a |icular..|order...|
|00000100| 43 6f 6d 6d 65 6e 74 73 | 20 61 6e 64 20 63 6f 72 |Comments| and cor|
|00000110| 72 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 | 20 61 72 65 20 73 6f 6c |rections| are sol|
|00000120| 69 63 69 74 65 64 2e 0d | 0a 0d 0a 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e |icited..|........|
|00000130| 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e | 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e |........|........|
|00000140| 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e | 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e |........|........|
|00000150| 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e | 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e |........|........|
|00000160| 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e | 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 0d 0a 50 |........|.......P|
|00000170| 72 6f 66 2e 20 54 69 6d | 6f 20 53 61 6c 6d 69 20 |rof. Tim|o Salmi |
|00000180| 20 20 20 20 20 43 6f 2d | 6d 6f 64 65 72 61 74 6f |     Co-|moderato|
|00000190| 72 20 6f 66 20 63 6f 6d | 70 2e 61 72 63 68 69 76 |r of com|p.archiv|
|000001a0| 65 73 2e 6d 73 64 6f 73 | 2e 61 6e 6e 6f 75 6e 63 |es.msdos|.announc|
|000001b0| 65 0d 0a 4d 6f 64 65 72 | 61 74 69 6e 67 20 20 61 |e..Moder|ating  a|
|000001c0| 74 20 20 67 61 72 62 6f | 2e 75 77 61 73 61 2e 66 |t  garbo|.uwasa.f|
|000001d0| 69 20 61 6e 6f 6e 79 6d | 6f 75 73 20 46 54 50 20 |i anonym|ous FTP |
|000001e0| 61 72 63 68 69 76 65 73 | 20 31 32 38 2e 32 31 34 |archives| 128.214|
|000001f0| 2e 38 37 2e 31 0d 0a 46 | 61 63 75 6c 74 79 20 6f |.87.1..F|aculty o|
|00000200| 66 20 41 63 63 6f 75 6e | 74 69 6e 67 20 26 20 49 |f Accoun|ting & I|
|00000210| 6e 64 75 73 74 72 69 61 | 6c 20 4d 61 6e 61 67 65 |ndustria|l Manage|
|00000220| 6d 65 6e 74 3b 20 55 6e | 69 76 65 72 73 69 74 79 |ment; Un|iversity|
|00000230| 20 6f 66 20 56 61 61 73 | 61 0d 0a 49 6e 74 65 72 | of Vaas|a..Inter|
|00000240| 6e 65 74 3a 20 20 74 73 | 40 75 77 61 73 61 2e 66 |net:  ts|@uwasa.f|
|00000250| 69 20 20 42 69 74 6e 65 | 74 3a 20 20 73 61 6c 6d |i  Bitne|t:  salm|
|00000260| 69 40 66 69 6e 66 75 6e | 3b 20 46 49 2d 36 35 31 |i@finfun|; FI-651|
|00000270| 30 31 2c 20 20 20 46 69 | 6e 6c 61 6e 64 0d 0a 0d |01,   Fi|nland...|
|00000280| 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |.-------|--------|
|00000290| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000002a0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000002b0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000002c0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a 20 31 | 29 20 48 6f 77 20 64 6f |----.. 1|) How do|
|000002d0| 20 49 20 64 69 73 61 62 | 6c 65 20 6f 72 20 63 61 | I disab|le or ca|
|000002e0| 70 74 75 72 65 20 74 68 | 65 20 62 72 65 61 6b 20 |pture th|e break |
|000002f0| 6b 65 79 20 69 6e 20 54 | 75 72 62 6f 20 50 61 73 |key in T|urbo Pas|
|00000300| 63 61 6c 3f 0d 0a 20 32 | 29 20 48 6f 77 20 64 6f |cal?.. 2|) How do|
|00000310| 20 49 20 67 65 74 20 61 | 20 70 72 69 6e 74 65 64 | I get a| printed|
|00000320| 20 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e | 74 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f | documen|tation o|
|00000330| 66 20 6d 79 20 73 74 75 | 64 65 6e 74 73 27 20 54 |f my stu|dents' T|
|00000340| 50 20 72 75 6e 73 3f 0d | 0a 20 33 29 20 57 68 61 |P runs?.|. 3) Wha|
|00000350| 74 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 | 20 63 6f 64 65 20 66 6f |t is the| code fo|
|00000360| 72 20 74 68 65 20 77 65 | 65 6b 64 61 79 20 6f 66 |r the we|ekday of|
|00000370| 20 61 20 67 69 76 65 6e | 20 64 61 74 65 3f 0d 0a | a given| date?..|
|00000380| 20 34 29 20 4e 65 65 64 | 20 61 20 70 72 6f 67 72 | 4) Need| a progr|
|00000390| 61 6d 20 74 6f 20 66 6f | 72 6d 61 74 20 54 75 72 |am to fo|rmat Tur|
|000003a0| 62 6f 20 50 61 73 63 61 | 6c 20 73 6f 75 72 63 65 |bo Pasca|l source|
|000003b0| 20 63 6f 64 65 20 63 6f | 6e 73 69 73 74 65 6e 74 | code co|nsistent|
|000003c0| 6c 79 0d 0a 20 35 29 20 | 43 61 6e 20 73 6f 6d 65 |ly.. 5) |Can some|
|000003d0| 6f 6e 65 20 67 69 76 65 | 20 6d 65 20 61 64 76 69 |one give| me advi|
|000003e0| 63 65 20 66 6f 72 20 77 | 72 69 74 69 6e 67 20 61 |ce for w|riting a|
|000003f0| 20 74 73 72 20 70 72 6f | 67 72 61 6d 3f 0d 0a 20 | tsr pro|gram?.. |
|00000400| 36 29 20 57 68 79 20 63 | 61 6e 27 74 20 49 20 72 |6) Why c|an't I r|
|00000410| 65 61 64 20 2f 20 77 72 | 69 74 65 20 74 68 65 20 |ead / wr|ite the |
|00000420| 63 6f 6d 20 70 6f 72 74 | 73 3f 0d 0a 20 37 29 20 |com port|s?.. 7) |
|00000430| 57 68 61 74 20 61 72 65 | 20 69 6e 74 65 72 72 75 |What are| interru|
|00000440| 70 74 73 20 61 6e 64 20 | 68 6f 77 20 74 6f 20 75 |pts and |how to u|
|00000450| 73 65 20 74 68 65 6d 20 | 69 6e 20 54 75 72 62 6f |se them |in Turbo|
|00000460| 20 50 61 73 63 61 6c 3f | 0d 0a 20 38 29 20 53 68 | Pascal?|.. 8) Sh|
|00000470| 6f 75 6c 64 20 49 20 75 | 70 67 72 61 64 65 20 6d |ould I u|pgrade m|
|00000480| 79 20 54 75 72 62 6f 20 | 50 61 73 63 61 6c 20 76 |y Turbo |Pascal v|
|00000490| 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 3f 0d | 0a 20 39 29 20 48 6f 77 |ersion?.|. 9) How|
|000004a0| 20 64 6f 20 49 20 65 78 | 65 63 75 74 65 20 61 6e | do I ex|ecute an|
|000004b0| 20 4d 73 44 6f 73 20 63 | 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 20 66 | MsDos c|ommand f|
|000004c0| 72 6f 6d 20 77 69 74 68 | 69 6e 20 61 20 54 50 20 |rom with|in a TP |
|000004d0| 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 3f | 0d 0a 31 30 29 20 48 6f |program?|..10) Ho|
|000004e0| 77 20 69 73 20 6d 69 6c | 6c 69 73 65 63 6f 6e 64 |w is mil|lisecond|
|000004f0| 20 74 69 6d 69 6e 67 20 | 64 6f 6e 65 3f 0d 0a 31 | timing |done?..1|
|00000500| 31 29 20 48 6f 77 20 63 | 61 6e 20 49 20 63 75 73 |1) How c|an I cus|
|00000510| 74 6f 6d 69 7a 65 20 74 | 68 65 20 74 65 78 74 20 |tomize t|he text |
|00000520| 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 | 72 73 20 74 6f 20 6d 79 |characte|rs to my|
|00000530| 20 6f 77 6e 20 6c 69 6b | 69 6e 67 3f 0d 0a 31 32 | own lik|ing?..12|
|00000540| 29 20 48 6f 77 20 74 6f | 20 66 69 6e 64 20 74 68 |) How to| find th|
|00000550| 65 20 66 69 6c 65 73 20 | 69 6e 20 61 20 64 69 72 |e files |in a dir|
|00000560| 65 63 74 6f 72 79 20 61 | 6e 64 20 73 75 62 64 69 |ectory a|nd subdi|
|00000570| 72 65 63 74 6f 72 69 65 | 73 3f 0d 0a 31 33 29 20 |rectorie|s?..13) |
|00000580| 49 20 6e 65 65 64 20 61 | 20 70 6f 77 65 72 20 66 |I need a| power f|
|00000590| 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 62 75 74 20 74 68 65 72 |unction |but ther|
|000005a0| 65 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 6e | 65 20 69 6e 20 54 75 72 |e is non|e in Tur|
|000005b0| 62 6f 20 50 61 73 63 61 | 6c 2e 0d 0a 31 34 29 20 |bo Pasca|l...14) |
|000005c0| 48 6f 77 20 63 61 6e 20 | 49 20 63 72 65 61 74 65 |How can |I create|
|000005d0| 20 61 72 72 61 79 73 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 61 72 65 | arrays |that are|
|000005e0| 20 6c 61 72 67 65 72 20 | 74 68 61 6e 20 36 34 20 | larger |than 64 |
|000005f0| 6b 69 6c 6f 62 79 74 65 | 73 3f 0d 0a 31 35 29 20 |kilobyte|s?..15) |
|00000600| 48 6f 77 20 63 61 6e 20 | 49 20 74 65 73 74 20 74 |How can |I test t|
|00000610| 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 | 70 72 69 6e 74 65 72 20 |hat the |printer |
|00000620| 69 73 20 72 65 61 64 79 | 3f 0d 0a 31 36 29 20 48 |is ready|?..16) H|
|00000630| 6f 77 20 63 61 6e 20 49 | 20 63 6c 65 61 72 20 74 |ow can I| clear t|
|00000640| 68 65 20 6b 65 79 62 6f | 61 72 64 20 74 79 70 65 |he keybo|ard type|
|00000650| 2d 61 68 65 61 64 20 62 | 75 66 66 65 72 2e 0d 0a |-ahead b|uffer...|
|00000660| 31 37 29 20 48 6f 77 20 | 63 61 6e 20 49 20 75 74 |17) How |can I ut|
|00000670| 69 6c 69 7a 65 20 65 78 | 70 61 6e 64 65 64 20 6d |ilize ex|panded m|
|00000680| 65 6d 6f 72 79 20 28 45 | 4d 53 29 20 69 6e 20 6d |emory (E|MS) in m|
|00000690| 79 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 | 6d 73 3f 0d 0a 31 38 29 |y progra|ms?..18)|
|000006a0| 20 48 6f 77 20 63 61 6e | 20 49 20 6f 62 74 61 69 | How can| I obtai|
|000006b0| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 65 6e | 74 69 72 65 20 63 6f 6d |n the en|tire com|
|000006c0| 6d 61 6e 64 20 6c 69 6e | 65 3f 0d 0a 31 39 29 20 |mand lin|e?..19) |
|000006d0| 48 6f 77 20 64 6f 20 49 | 20 72 65 64 69 72 65 63 |How do I| redirec|
|000006e0| 74 20 74 65 78 74 20 66 | 72 6f 6d 20 70 72 69 6e |t text f|rom prin|
|000006f0| 74 65 72 20 74 6f 20 66 | 69 6c 65 20 69 6e 20 6d |ter to f|ile in m|
|00000700| 79 20 54 50 20 70 72 6f | 67 72 61 6d 3f 0d 0a 32 |y TP pro|gram?..2|
|00000710| 30 29 20 54 75 72 62 6f | 20 50 61 73 63 61 6c 20 |0) Turbo| Pascal |
|00000720| 69 73 20 66 6f 72 20 77 | 69 6d 70 73 2e 20 55 73 |is for w|imps. Us|
|00000730| 65 20 73 74 61 6e 64 61 | 72 64 20 50 61 73 63 61 |e standa|rd Pasca|
|00000740| 6c 20 6f 72 20 43 20 69 | 6e 73 74 65 61 64 3f 0d |l or C i|nstead?.|
|00000750| 0a 32 31 29 20 48 6f 77 | 20 64 6f 20 49 20 74 75 |.21) How| do I tu|
|00000760| 72 6e 20 74 68 65 20 63 | 75 72 73 6f 72 20 6f 66 |rn the c|ursor of|
|00000770| 66 3f 0d 0a 32 32 29 20 | 48 6f 77 20 74 6f 20 66 |f?..22) |How to f|
|00000780| 69 6e 64 20 61 6c 6c 20 | 72 6f 6f 74 73 20 6f 66 |ind all |roots of|
|00000790| 20 61 20 70 6f 6c 79 6e | 6f 6d 69 61 6c 3f 0d 0a | a polyn|omial?..|
|000007a0| 32 33 29 20 57 68 61 74 | 20 69 73 20 61 6c 6c 20 |23) What| is all |
|000007b0| 74 68 69 73 20 74 61 6c | 6b 20 61 62 6f 75 74 20 |this tal|k about |
|000007c0| 22 50 61 73 63 61 6c 20 | 68 6f 6d 65 77 6f 72 6b |"Pascal |homework|
|000007d0| 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 6e 65 74 22 3f 0d 0a 32 | on the |net"?..2|
|000007e0| 34 29 20 48 6f 77 20 63 | 61 6e 20 49 20 6c 69 6e |4) How c|an I lin|
|000007f0| 6b 20 67 72 61 70 68 69 | 63 73 20 64 72 69 76 65 |k graphi|cs drive|
|00000800| 72 73 20 64 69 72 65 63 | 74 6c 79 20 69 6e 74 6f |rs direc|tly into|
|00000810| 20 6d 79 20 65 78 65 63 | 75 74 61 62 6c 65 3f 0d | my exec|utable?.|
|00000820| 0a 32 35 29 20 48 6f 77 | 20 63 61 6e 20 49 20 74 |.25) How| can I t|
|00000830| 72 61 70 20 61 20 72 75 | 6e 74 69 6d 65 20 65 72 |rap a ru|ntime er|
|00000840| 72 6f 72 3f 0d 0a 32 36 | 29 20 48 6f 77 20 74 6f |ror?..26|) How to|
|00000850| 20 67 65 74 20 61 6e 73 | 69 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f | get ans|i contro|
|00000860| 6c 20 63 6f 64 65 73 20 | 77 6f 72 6b 69 6e 67 20 |l codes |working |
|00000870| 69 6e 20 54 75 72 62 6f | 20 50 61 73 63 61 6c 20 |in Turbo| Pascal |
|00000880| 77 72 69 74 65 73 3f 0d | 0a 32 37 29 20 48 6f 77 |writes?.|.27) How|
|00000890| 20 74 6f 20 65 76 61 6c | 75 61 74 65 20 61 20 66 | to eval|uate a f|
|000008a0| 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 67 69 76 65 6e 20 61 73 |unction |given as|
|000008b0| 20 61 20 73 74 72 69 6e | 67 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 | a strin|g to the|
|000008c0| 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d | 3f 0d 0a 32 38 29 20 48 | program|?..28) H|
|000008d0| 6f 77 20 64 6f 65 73 20 | 6f 6e 65 20 64 65 74 65 |ow does |one dete|
|000008e0| 63 74 20 77 68 65 74 68 | 65 72 20 69 6e 70 75 74 |ct wheth|er input|
|000008f0| 20 28 6f 72 20 6f 75 74 | 70 75 74 29 20 69 73 20 | (or out|put) is |
|00000900| 72 65 64 69 72 65 63 74 | 65 64 3f 0d 0a 32 39 29 |redirect|ed?..29)|
|00000910| 20 48 6f 77 20 64 6f 65 | 73 20 6f 6e 65 20 73 65 | How doe|s one se|
|00000920| 74 20 74 68 65 20 34 33 | 2f 35 30 20 6c 69 6e 65 |t the 43|/50 line|
|00000930| 20 74 65 78 74 20 6d 6f | 64 65 3f 0d 0a 33 30 29 | text mo|de?..30)|
|00000940| 20 48 6f 77 20 63 61 6e | 20 49 20 61 73 73 69 67 | How can| I assig|
|00000950| 6e 20 61 20 76 61 6c 75 | 65 20 74 6f 20 61 6e 20 |n a valu|e to an |
|00000960| 65 6e 76 69 72 6f 6e 6d | 65 6e 74 20 76 61 72 69 |environm|ent vari|
|00000970| 61 62 6c 65 20 69 6e 20 | 54 50 3f 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d |able in |TP?..---|
|00000980| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000990| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000009a0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000009b0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000009c0| 0d 0a 0d 0a 55 6e 6c 65 | 73 73 20 6f 74 68 65 72 |....Unle|ss other|
|000009d0| 77 69 73 65 20 73 74 61 | 74 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 |wise sta|ted the |
|000009e0| 61 6e 73 77 65 72 73 20 | 63 6f 76 65 72 20 76 65 |answers |cover ve|
|000009f0| 72 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 34 | 2e 30 2c 20 35 2e 30 2c |rsions 4|.0, 5.0,|
|00000a00| 20 35 2e 35 2c 0d 0a 36 | 2e 30 20 61 6e 64 20 37 | 5.5,..6|.0 and 7|
|00000a10| 2e 30 20 28 72 65 61 6c | 20 6d 6f 64 65 29 2e 20 |.0 (real| mode). |
|00000a20| 54 68 65 20 51 26 41 73 | 20 61 72 65 20 6e 6f 74 |The Q&As| are not|
|00000a30| 20 66 6f 72 20 54 75 72 | 62 6f 20 50 61 73 63 61 | for Tur|bo Pasca|
|00000a40| 6c 20 76 65 72 73 69 6f | 6e 20 33 0d 0a 6f 72 20 |l versio|n 3..or |
|00000a50| 65 61 72 6c 69 65 72 2e | 20 4f 62 6a 65 63 74 73 |earlier.| Objects|
|00000a60| 2c 20 54 56 69 73 69 6f | 6e 2c 20 6f 72 20 57 69 |, TVisio|n, or Wi|
|00000a70| 6e 64 6f 77 73 20 61 72 | 65 20 6e 6f 74 20 63 6f |ndows ar|e not co|
|00000a80| 76 65 72 65 64 2e 20 28 | 49 20 64 6f 20 6e 6f 74 |vered. (|I do not|
|00000a90| 0d 0a 75 73 65 20 74 68 | 65 6d 20 6d 79 73 65 6c |..use th|em mysel|
|00000aa0| 66 2e 29 0d 0a 0d 0a 46 | 72 6f 6d 20 74 73 40 75 |f.)....F|rom ts@u|
|00000ab0| 77 61 73 61 2e 66 69 20 | 57 65 64 20 41 75 67 20 |wasa.fi |Wed Aug |
|00000ac0| 31 38 20 30 30 3a 30 30 | 3a 30 31 20 31 39 39 33 |18 00:00|:01 1993|
|00000ad0| 0d 0a 53 75 62 6a 65 63 | 74 3a 20 44 69 73 61 62 |..Subjec|t: Disab|
|00000ae0| 6c 69 6e 67 20 6f 72 20 | 63 61 70 74 75 72 69 6e |ling or |capturin|
|00000af0| 67 20 74 68 65 20 62 72 | 65 61 6b 20 6b 65 79 0d |g the br|eak key.|
|00000b00| 0a 0d 0a 31 2e 20 2a 2a | 2a 2a 2a 0d 0a 20 51 3a |...1. **|***.. Q:|
|00000b10| 20 49 20 64 6f 6e 27 74 | 20 77 61 6e 74 20 74 68 | I don't| want th|
|00000b20| 65 20 42 72 65 61 6b 20 | 6b 65 79 20 74 6f 20 62 |e Break |key to b|
|00000b30| 65 20 61 62 6c 65 20 74 | 6f 20 69 6e 74 65 72 72 |e able t|o interr|
|00000b40| 75 70 74 20 6d 79 20 54 | 50 0d 0a 70 72 6f 67 72 |upt my T|P..progr|
|00000b50| 61 6d 73 2e 20 48 6f 77 | 20 69 73 20 74 68 69 73 |ams. How| is this|
|00000b60| 20 64 6f 6e 65 3f 0d 0a | 20 51 32 3a 20 49 20 77 | done?..| Q2: I w|
|00000b70| 61 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 62 | 65 20 61 62 6c 65 20 74 |ant to b|e able t|
|00000b80| 6f 20 63 61 70 74 75 72 | 65 20 74 68 65 20 42 72 |o captur|e the Br|
|00000b90| 65 61 6b 20 6b 65 79 20 | 69 6e 20 6d 79 20 54 50 |eak key |in my TP|
|00000ba0| 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d | 2e 0d 0a 48 6f 77 20 69 | program|...How i|
|00000bb0| 73 20 74 68 69 73 20 64 | 6f 6e 65 3f 0d 0a 20 51 |s this d|one?.. Q|
|00000bc0| 33 3a 20 48 6f 77 20 64 | 6f 20 49 20 64 65 74 65 |3: How d|o I dete|
|00000bd0| 63 74 20 69 66 20 61 20 | 63 65 72 74 61 69 6e 20 |ct if a |certain |
|00000be0| 6b 65 79 20 68 61 73 20 | 62 65 65 6e 20 70 72 65 |key has |been pre|
|00000bf0| 73 73 65 64 3f 0d 0a 0d | 0a 20 41 3a 20 54 68 69 |ssed?...|. A: Thi|
|00000c00| 73 20 76 65 72 79 20 66 | 72 65 71 75 65 6e 74 6c |s very f|requentl|
|00000c10| 79 20 61 73 6b 65 64 20 | 71 75 65 73 74 69 6f 6e |y asked |question|
|00000c20| 20 69 73 20 62 61 73 69 | 63 61 6c 6c 79 20 61 20 | is basi|cally a |
|00000c30| 63 61 73 65 20 6f 66 20 | 52 54 46 4d 0d 0a 28 72 |case of |RTFM..(r|
|00000c40| 65 61 64 20 74 68 65 20 | 66 2a 69 6e 67 20 6d 61 |ead the |f*ing ma|
|00000c50| 6e 75 61 6c 29 2e 20 42 | 75 74 20 74 68 69 73 20 |nual). B|ut this |
|00000c60| 66 65 61 74 75 72 65 20 | 69 73 2c 20 61 64 6d 69 |feature |is, admi|
|00000c70| 74 74 65 64 6c 79 2c 20 | 6e 6f 74 20 76 65 72 79 |ttedly, |not very|
|00000c80| 0d 0a 70 72 6f 6d 69 6e | 65 6e 74 6c 79 20 64 69 |..promin|ently di|
|00000c90| 73 70 6c 61 79 65 64 20 | 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 54 |splayed |in the T|
|00000ca0| 75 72 62 6f 20 50 61 73 | 63 61 6c 20 72 65 66 65 |urbo Pas|cal refe|
|00000cb0| 72 65 6e 63 65 2e 20 28 | 41 73 20 61 20 67 65 6e |rence. (|As a gen|
|00000cc0| 65 72 61 6c 0d 0a 72 75 | 6c 65 20 77 65 20 73 68 |eral..ru|le we sh|
|00000cd0| 6f 75 6c 64 20 6e 6f 74 | 20 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 |ould not| use the|
|00000ce0| 20 6e 65 77 73 67 72 6f | 75 70 73 20 61 73 20 61 | newsgro|ups as a|
|00000cf0| 20 72 65 70 6c 61 63 65 | 6d 65 6e 74 20 66 6f 72 | replace|ment for|
|00000d00| 20 6f 75 72 0d 0a 70 6f | 73 73 69 62 6c 79 20 6d | our..po|ssibly m|
|00000d10| 69 73 73 69 6e 67 20 6d | 61 6e 75 61 6c 73 2c 20 |issing m|anuals, |
|00000d20| 62 75 74 20 65 6e 6f 75 | 67 68 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |but enou|gh of th|
|00000d30| 69 73 20 6c 69 6e 65 2e | 29 0d 0a 20 20 20 54 68 |is line.|)..   Th|
|00000d40| 65 72 65 20 69 73 20 61 | 20 43 68 65 63 6b 42 72 |ere is a| CheckBr|
|00000d50| 65 61 6b 20 76 61 72 69 | 61 62 6c 65 20 69 6e 20 |eak vari|able in |
|00000d60| 74 68 65 20 43 72 74 20 | 75 6e 69 74 2c 20 77 68 |the Crt |unit, wh|
|00000d70| 69 63 68 20 69 73 20 74 | 72 75 65 20 62 79 0d 0a |ich is t|rue by..|
|00000d80| 64 65 66 61 75 6c 74 2e | 20 54 6f 20 74 75 72 6e |default.| To turn|
|00000d90| 20 69 66 20 6f 66 66 20 | 75 73 65 0d 0a 20 20 20 | if off |use..   |
|00000da0| 20 20 75 73 65 73 20 43 | 72 74 3b 0d 0a 20 20 20 |  uses C|rt;..   |
|00000db0| 20 20 3a 0d 0a 20 20 20 | 20 20 43 68 65 63 6b 42 |  :..   |  CheckB|
|00000dc0| 72 65 61 6b 20 3a 3d 20 | 66 61 6c 73 65 3b 0d 0a |reak := |false;..|
|00000dd0| 20 20 20 20 20 3a 0d 0a | 42 65 73 69 64 65 73 20 |     :..|Besides |
|00000de0| 74 75 72 6e 69 6e 67 20 | 6f 66 66 20 62 72 65 61 |turning |off brea|
|00000df0| 6b 20 63 68 65 63 6b 69 | 6e 67 20 74 68 69 73 20 |k checki|ng this |
|00000e00| 65 6e 61 62 6c 65 73 20 | 79 6f 75 20 74 6f 20 63 |enables |you to c|
|00000e10| 61 70 74 75 72 65 20 74 | 68 65 0d 0a 70 72 65 73 |apture t|he..pres|
|00000e20| 73 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 62 72 65 61 |sing of |the brea|
|00000e30| 6b 20 6b 65 79 20 61 73 | 20 79 6f 75 20 77 6f 75 |k key as| you wou|
|00000e40| 6c 64 20 63 61 70 74 75 | 72 65 20 70 72 65 73 73 |ld captu|re press|
|00000e50| 69 6e 67 20 63 74 72 6c | 2d 63 2e 20 49 6e 0d 0a |ing ctrl|-c. In..|
|00000e60| 6f 74 68 65 72 20 77 6f | 72 64 73 20 79 6f 75 20 |other wo|rds you |
|00000e70| 63 61 6e 20 75 73 65 20 | 65 2e 67 2e 0d 0a 20 20 |can use |e.g...  |
|00000e80| 20 20 20 3a 0d 0a 70 72 | 6f 63 65 64 75 72 65 20 |   :..pr|ocedure |
|00000e90| 54 45 53 54 3b 0d 0a 76 | 61 72 20 6b 65 79 20 3a |TEST;..v|ar key :|
|00000ea0| 20 63 68 61 72 3b 0d 0a | 62 65 67 69 6e 0d 0a 20 | char;..|begin.. |
|00000eb0| 20 72 65 70 65 61 74 0d | 0a 20 20 20 20 69 66 20 | repeat.|.    if |
|00000ec0| 4b 65 79 50 72 65 73 73 | 65 64 20 74 68 65 6e 0d |KeyPress|ed then.|
|00000ed0| 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 62 | 65 67 69 6e 0d 0a 20 20 |.      b|egin..  |
|00000ee0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 6b 65 | 79 20 3a 3d 20 52 65 61 |      ke|y := Rea|
|00000ef0| 64 4b 65 79 3b 0d 0a 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 63 |dKey;.. |       c|
|00000f00| 61 73 65 20 6b 65 79 20 | 6f 66 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 |ase key |of..    |
|00000f10| 20 20 20 20 20 20 23 33 | 20 3a 20 62 65 67 69 6e |      #3| : begin|
|00000f20| 20 77 72 69 74 65 6c 6e | 20 28 27 42 72 65 61 6b | writeln| ('Break|
|00000f30| 27 29 3b 20 65 78 69 74 | 3b 20 65 6e 64 3b 20 20 |'); exit|; end;  |
|00000f40| 7b 63 74 72 6c 2d 63 20 | 6f 72 20 62 72 65 61 6b |{ctrl-c |or break|
|00000f50| 7d 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 65 6c 73 |}..     |     els|
|00000f60| 65 20 77 72 69 74 65 20 | 28 6f 72 64 28 6b 65 79 |e write |(ord(key|
|00000f70| 29 2c 20 27 20 27 29 3b | 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 |), ' ');|..      |
|00000f80| 20 20 65 6e 64 3b 20 7b | 63 61 73 65 7d 0d 0a 20 |  end; {|case}.. |
|00000f90| 20 20 20 20 20 65 6e 64 | 3b 20 7b 69 66 7d 0d 0a |     end|; {if}..|
|00000fa0| 20 20 75 6e 74 69 6c 20 | 66 61 6c 73 65 3b 0d 0a |  until |false;..|
|00000fb0| 65 6e 64 3b 20 20 28 2a | 20 74 65 73 74 20 2a 29 |end;  (*| test *)|
|00000fc0| 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 3a | 0d 0a 49 4d 50 4f 52 54 |..     :|..IMPORT|
|00000fd0| 41 4e 54 3a 20 44 6f 6e | 27 74 20 74 65 73 74 20 |ANT: Don|'t test |
|00000fe0| 74 68 65 20 63 74 72 6c | 2d 62 72 65 61 6b 20 66 |the ctrl|-break f|
|00000ff0| 65 61 74 75 72 65 20 6a | 75 73 74 20 66 72 6f 6d |eature j|ust from|
|00001000| 20 77 69 74 68 69 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 54 50 0d 0a | within |the TP..|
|00001010| 49 44 45 2c 20 62 65 63 | 61 75 73 65 20 69 74 20 |IDE, bec|ause it |
|00001020| 68 61 73 20 63 74 6c 72 | 2d 62 72 65 61 6b 20 68 |has ctlr|-break h|
|00001030| 61 6e 64 6c 65 72 20 28 | 22 69 6e 74 65 72 63 65 |andler (|"interce|
|00001040| 70 74 65 72 22 29 20 6f | 66 20 69 74 73 20 6f 77 |pter") o|f its ow|
|00001050| 6e 0d 0a 61 6e 64 20 6d | 61 79 20 63 6f 6e 66 75 |n..and m|ay confu|
|00001060| 73 65 20 79 6f 75 20 69 | 6e 74 6f 20 74 68 69 6e |se you i|nto thin|
|00001070| 6b 69 6e 67 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 63 74 72 6c 2d 62 |king tha|t ctrl-b|
|00001080| 72 65 61 6b 20 63 61 6e | 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 0d 0a |reak can|not be..|
|00001090| 63 69 72 63 75 6d 76 65 | 6e 74 65 64 20 62 79 20 |circumve|nted by |
|000010a0| 74 68 65 20 6d 65 74 68 | 6f 64 20 67 69 76 65 6e |the meth|od given|
|000010b0| 20 61 62 6f 76 65 2e 0d | 0a 20 20 54 68 65 20 61 | above..|.  The a|
|000010c0| 62 6f 76 65 20 65 78 61 | 6d 70 6c 65 20 68 61 73 |bove exa|mple has|
|000010d0| 20 61 20 64 6f 75 62 6c | 65 20 70 75 72 70 6f 73 | a doubl|e purpos|
|000010e0| 65 2e 20 49 74 20 61 6c | 73 6f 20 73 68 6f 77 73 |e. It al|so shows|
|000010f0| 20 74 68 65 0d 0a 72 75 | 64 69 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 | the..ru|diments |
|00001100| 68 6f 77 20 79 6f 75 20 | 63 61 6e 20 64 65 74 65 |how you |can dete|
|00001110| 63 74 20 69 66 20 61 20 | 63 65 72 74 61 69 6e 20 |ct if a |certain |
|00001120| 6b 65 79 20 68 61 73 20 | 62 65 65 6e 20 70 72 65 |key has |been pre|
|00001130| 73 73 65 64 2e 20 54 68 | 69 73 0d 0a 65 6e 61 62 |ssed. Th|is..enab|
|00001140| 6c 65 73 20 79 6f 75 20 | 74 6f 20 67 69 76 65 20 |les you |to give |
|00001150| 69 6e 70 75 74 20 77 69 | 74 68 6f 75 74 20 65 63 |input wi|thout ec|
|00001160| 68 6f 69 6e 67 20 69 74 | 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 |hoing it| to the |
|00001170| 73 63 72 65 65 6e 2c 20 | 77 68 69 63 68 20 69 73 |screen, |which is|
|00001180| 0d 0a 61 20 6c 61 74 65 | 72 20 46 41 51 20 69 6e |..a late|r FAQ in|
|00001190| 20 74 68 69 73 20 63 6f | 6c 6c 65 63 74 69 6f 6e | this co|llection|
|000011a0| 2e 0d 0a 20 20 54 68 69 | 73 20 69 73 2c 20 68 6f |...  Thi|s is, ho|
|000011b0| 77 65 76 65 72 2c 20 6e | 6f 74 20 61 6c 6c 20 74 |wever, n|ot all t|
|000011c0| 68 65 72 65 20 63 61 6e | 20 62 65 20 74 6f 20 62 |here can| be to b|
|000011d0| 72 65 61 6b 20 63 68 65 | 63 6b 69 6e 67 2c 20 73 |reak che|cking, s|
|000011e0| 69 6e 63 65 0d 0a 74 68 | 65 20 63 61 70 74 75 72 |ince..th|e captur|
|000011f0| 69 6e 67 20 69 73 20 70 | 6f 73 73 69 62 6c 65 20 |ing is p|ossible |
|00001200| 6f 6e 6c 79 20 61 74 20 | 69 6e 70 75 74 20 74 69 |only at |input ti|
|00001210| 6d 65 2e 20 49 74 20 69 | 73 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 70 |me. It i|s also p|
|00001220| 6f 73 73 69 62 6c 65 20 | 74 6f 0d 0a 77 72 69 74 |ossible |to..writ|
|00001230| 65 20 61 20 62 72 65 61 | 6b 20 68 61 6e 64 6c 65 |e a brea|k handle|
|00001240| 72 20 74 6f 20 69 6e 74 | 65 72 72 75 70 74 20 61 |r to int|errupt a|
|00001250| 20 54 50 20 70 72 6f 67 | 72 61 6d 20 61 74 20 61 | TP prog|ram at a|
|00001260| 6e 79 20 74 69 6d 65 2e | 20 46 6f 72 0d 0a 6d 6f |ny time.| For..mo|
|00001270| 72 65 20 64 65 74 61 69 | 6c 73 20 73 65 65 20 4f |re detai|ls see O|
|00001280| 68 6c 73 65 6e 20 26 20 | 53 74 6f 6b 65 72 2c 20 |hlsen & |Stoker, |
|00001290| 54 75 72 62 6f 20 50 61 | 73 63 61 6c 20 41 64 76 |Turbo Pa|scal Adv|
|000012a0| 61 6e 63 65 64 20 54 65 | 63 68 6e 69 71 75 65 73 |anced Te|chniques|
|000012b0| 2c 0d 0a 43 68 61 70 74 | 65 72 20 37 2e 0d 0a 2d |,..Chapt|er 7...-|
|000012c0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000012d0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000012e0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000012f0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00001300| 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a 0d 0a 46 | 72 6f 6d 20 74 73 40 75 |---....F|rom ts@u|
|00001310| 77 61 73 61 2e 66 69 20 | 57 65 64 20 41 75 67 20 |wasa.fi |Wed Aug |
|00001320| 31 38 20 30 30 3a 30 30 | 3a 30 32 20 31 39 39 33 |18 00:00|:02 1993|
|00001330| 0d 0a 53 75 62 6a 65 63 | 74 3a 20 44 69 72 65 63 |..Subjec|t: Direc|
|00001340| 74 69 6e 67 20 6f 75 74 | 70 75 74 20 61 6c 73 6f |ting out|put also|
|00001350| 20 74 6f 20 70 72 69 6e | 74 65 72 0d 0a 0d 0a 32 | to prin|ter....2|
|00001360| 2e 20 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 0d | 0a 20 51 3a 20 49 20 77 |. *****.|. Q: I w|
|00001370| 61 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 68 | 61 76 65 20 61 20 70 72 |ant to h|ave a pr|
|00001380| 69 6e 74 65 64 20 64 6f | 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 61 74 |inted do|cumentat|
|00001390| 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 6d | 79 20 73 74 75 64 65 6e |ion of m|y studen|
|000013a0| 74 73 27 20 54 75 72 62 | 6f 0d 0a 50 61 73 63 61 |ts' Turb|o..Pasca|
|000013b0| 6c 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 | 6d 20 65 78 65 72 63 69 |l progra|m exerci|
|000013c0| 73 65 73 2e 20 48 6f 77 | 20 69 73 20 61 6c 6c 20 |ses. How| is all |
|000013d0| 69 6e 70 75 74 20 61 6e | 64 20 6f 75 74 70 75 74 |input an|d output|
|000013e0| 20 64 69 72 65 63 74 65 | 64 20 61 6c 73 6f 0d 0a | directe|d also..|
|000013f0| 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 70 | 72 69 6e 74 65 72 3f 0d |to the p|rinter?.|
|00001400| 0a 0d 0a 20 41 31 3a 20 | 55 73 65 20 61 20 73 63 |... A1: |Use a sc|
|00001410| 72 65 65 6e 20 63 61 70 | 74 75 72 69 6e 67 20 70 |reen cap|turing p|
|00001420| 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 74 | 6f 20 70 75 74 20 65 76 |rogram t|o put ev|
|00001430| 65 72 79 74 68 69 6e 67 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 63 6f |erything| that co|
|00001440| 6d 65 73 0d 0a 6f 6e 74 | 6f 20 74 68 65 20 73 63 |mes..ont|o the sc|
|00001450| 72 65 65 6e 20 69 6e 74 | 6f 20 61 20 66 69 6c 65 |reen int|o a file|
|00001460| 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 70 72 | 69 6e 74 20 74 68 65 20 |, and pr|int the |
|00001470| 66 69 6c 65 2e 20 53 65 | 65 20 46 41 51 50 52 4f |file. Se|e FAQPRO|
|00001480| 47 53 2e 54 58 54 20 69 | 6e 0d 0a 2f 70 63 2f 74 |GS.TXT i|n../pc/t|
|00001490| 73 2f 74 73 66 61 71 6e | 33 37 2e 7a 69 70 20 28 |s/tsfaqn|37.zip (|
|000014a0| 6f 72 20 77 68 61 74 65 | 76 65 72 20 76 65 72 73 |or whate|ver vers|
|000014b0| 69 6f 6e 20 6e 75 6d 62 | 65 72 20 69 73 20 74 68 |ion numb|er is th|
|000014c0| 65 20 63 75 72 72 65 6e | 74 29 20 66 6f 72 0d 0a |e curren|t) for..|
|000014d0| 6d 6f 72 65 20 61 62 6f | 75 74 20 74 68 65 73 65 |more abo|ut these|
|000014e0| 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d | 73 2e 20 41 76 61 69 6c | program|s. Avail|
|000014f0| 61 62 6c 65 20 62 79 20 | 61 6e 6f 6e 79 6d 6f 75 |able by |anonymou|
|00001500| 73 20 46 54 50 20 6f 72 | 20 6d 61 69 6c 20 73 65 |s FTP or| mail se|
|00001510| 72 76 65 72 0d 0a 66 72 | 6f 6d 20 67 61 72 62 6f |rver..fr|om garbo|
|00001520| 2e 75 77 61 73 61 2e 66 | 69 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 41 |.uwasa.f|i..... A|
|00001530| 32 3a 20 53 65 65 20 74 | 68 65 20 63 6f 64 65 20 |2: See t|he code |
|00001540| 69 6e 20 54 53 50 41 53 | 2e 4e 57 53 20 28 69 74 |in TSPAS|.NWS (it|
|00001550| 65 6d 3a 20 52 65 64 69 | 72 65 63 74 69 6e 67 20 |em: Redi|recting |
|00001560| 77 72 69 74 65 73 20 74 | 6f 20 74 68 65 0d 0a 70 |writes t|o the..p|
|00001570| 72 69 6e 74 65 72 29 20 | 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 2f |rinter) |in the /|
|00001580| 70 63 2f 74 73 2f 74 73 | 70 61 33 33 3f 3f 2e 7a |pc/ts/ts|pa33??.z|
|00001590| 69 70 20 28 6f 72 20 77 | 68 61 74 65 76 65 72 20 |ip (or w|hatever |
|000015a0| 69 73 20 74 68 65 20 63 | 75 72 72 65 6e 74 0d 0a |is the c|urrent..|
|000015b0| 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 | 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 29 20 |version |number) |
|000015c0| 54 75 72 62 6f 20 50 61 | 73 63 61 6c 20 75 6e 69 |Turbo Pa|scal uni|
|000015d0| 74 73 20 70 61 63 6b 61 | 67 65 20 28 3f 3f 20 3d |ts packa|ge (?? =|
|000015e0| 20 34 30 2c 20 35 30 2c | 20 35 35 2c 20 36 30 2c | 40, 50,| 55, 60,|
|000015f0| 20 6f 72 0d 0a 37 30 20 | 64 65 70 65 6e 64 69 6e | or..70 |dependin|
|00001600| 67 20 6f 6e 20 79 6f 75 | 72 20 54 50 20 76 65 72 |g on you|r TP ver|
|00001610| 73 69 6f 6e 29 2e 20 41 | 6c 74 65 72 6e 61 74 69 |sion). A|lternati|
|00001620| 76 65 6c 79 20 75 73 65 | 20 55 53 45 43 4f 4e 20 |vely use| USECON |
|00001630| 61 6e 64 0d 0a 55 53 45 | 50 52 4e 20 72 6f 75 74 |and..USE|PRN rout|
|00001640| 69 6e 65 73 20 69 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 54 53 55 4e |ines in |the TSUN|
|00001650| 54 47 20 75 6e 69 74 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 |TG unit |of the s|
|00001660| 61 6d 65 20 70 61 63 6b | 61 67 65 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a |ame pack|age.....|
|00001670| 20 20 20 20 20 2b 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |     +--|--------|
|00001680| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00001690| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000016a0| 2b 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 | 21 20 54 6f 20 67 65 74 |+..     |! To get|
|000016b0| 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 61 | 6e 64 20 6f 74 68 65 72 | these a|nd other|
|000016c0| 20 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 | 73 20 67 69 76 65 6e 20 | package|s given |
|000016d0| 61 73 20 21 0d 0a 20 20 | 20 20 20 21 20 20 20 2f |as !..  |   !   /|
|000016e0| 64 69 72 2f 73 75 62 64 | 69 72 2f 6e 61 6d 65 20 |dir/subd|ir/name |
|000016f0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00001700| 20 20 20 20 20 20 21 0d | 0a 20 20 20 20 20 21 20 |      !.|.     ! |
|00001710| 73 65 65 20 74 68 65 20 | 69 6e 73 74 72 75 63 74 |see the |instruct|
|00001720| 69 6f 6e 73 20 69 6e 20 | 50 44 32 41 4e 53 2e 54 |ions in |PD2ANS.T|
|00001730| 58 54 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 21 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 |XT      | !..    |
|00001740| 20 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | +------|--------|
|00001750| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00001760| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 0d 0a 0d |--------|----+...|
|00001770| 0a 20 41 33 3a 20 42 75 | 74 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 |. A3: Bu|t the re|
|00001780| 61 6c 6c 79 20 65 6c 65 | 67 61 6e 74 20 73 6f 6c |ally ele|gant sol|
|00001790| 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 74 6f | 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f |ution to| the pro|
|000017a0| 62 6c 65 6d 20 6f 66 20 | 67 65 74 74 69 6e 67 20 |blem of |getting |
|000017b0| 61 0d 0a 6c 6f 67 66 69 | 6c 65 20 28 6f 72 20 61 |a..logfi|le (or a|
|000017c0| 20 70 72 69 6e 74 65 64 | 20 6c 69 73 74 29 20 6f | printed| list) o|
|000017d0| 66 20 61 20 54 75 72 62 | 6f 20 50 61 73 63 61 6c |f a Turb|o Pascal|
|000017e0| 20 72 75 6e 20 69 73 20 | 74 6f 20 72 65 77 72 69 | run is |to rewri|
|000017f0| 74 65 20 74 68 65 0d 0a | 77 72 69 74 65 28 6c 6e |te the..|write(ln|
|00001800| 29 20 61 6e 64 20 72 65 | 61 64 28 6c 6e 29 20 64 |) and re|ad(ln) d|
|00001810| 65 76 69 63 65 20 64 72 | 69 76 65 72 20 66 75 6e |evice dr|iver fun|
|00001820| 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 2e 20 | 49 6e 20 69 74 73 65 6c |ctions. |In itsel|
|00001830| 66 20 77 72 69 74 69 6e | 67 0d 0a 73 75 63 68 20 |f writin|g..such |
|00001840| 64 72 69 76 65 72 20 72 | 65 64 69 72 65 63 74 69 |driver r|edirecti|
|00001850| 6f 6e 73 20 69 73 20 76 | 65 72 79 20 61 64 76 61 |ons is v|ery adva|
|00001860| 6e 63 65 64 20 54 75 72 | 62 6f 20 50 61 73 63 61 |nced Tur|bo Pasca|
|00001870| 6c 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 | 6d 6d 69 6e 67 2c 0d 0a |l progra|mming,..|
|00001880| 62 75 74 20 77 68 65 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f |but when| the pro|
|00001890| 67 72 61 6d 6d 69 6e 67 | 20 68 61 73 20 6f 6e 63 |gramming| has onc|
|000018a0| 65 20 62 65 65 6e 20 64 | 6f 6e 65 2c 20 74 68 65 |e been d|one, the|
|000018b0| 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 | 69 73 20 65 78 74 72 65 | system |is extre|
|000018c0| 6d 65 6c 79 0d 0a 65 61 | 73 79 20 74 6f 20 75 73 |mely..ea|sy to us|
|000018d0| 65 20 61 73 20 6d 61 6e | 79 20 74 69 6d 65 73 20 |e as man|y times |
|000018e0| 61 73 20 79 6f 75 20 6c | 69 6b 65 2e 20 49 74 20 |as you l|ike. It |
|000018f0| 67 6f 65 73 20 6c 69 6b | 65 20 74 68 69 73 2e 20 |goes lik|e this. |
|00001900| 54 68 65 20 64 72 69 76 | 65 72 0d 0a 72 65 64 69 |The driv|er..redi|
|00001910| 72 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 | 20 61 72 65 20 70 72 6f |rections| are pro|
|00001920| 67 72 61 6d 6d 65 64 20 | 69 6e 74 6f 20 61 20 75 |grammed |into a u|
|00001930| 6e 69 74 20 28 73 61 79 | 2c 20 74 70 75 6c 6f 67 |nit (say|, tpulog|
|00001940| 20 6f 72 20 74 70 75 70 | 72 6e 29 2e 20 41 6c 6c | or tpup|rn). All|
|00001950| 0d 0a 74 68 61 74 20 69 | 73 20 6e 65 65 64 65 64 |..that i|s needed|
|00001960| 20 61 66 74 65 72 20 74 | 68 61 74 20 69 73 20 74 | after t|hat is t|
|00001970| 6f 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 64 | 65 20 74 68 65 20 66 6f |o includ|e the fo|
|00001980| 6c 6c 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 | 75 73 65 73 20 73 74 61 |llowing |uses sta|
|00001990| 74 65 6d 65 6e 74 0d 0a | 69 6e 74 6f 20 74 68 65 |tement..|into the|
|000019a0| 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d | 20 28 74 68 65 20 74 61 | program| (the ta|
|000019b0| 72 67 65 74 20 70 72 6f | 67 72 61 6d 29 20 77 68 |rget pro|gram) wh|
|000019c0| 69 63 68 20 68 61 73 20 | 74 6f 20 62 65 20 6c 6f |ich has |to be lo|
|000019d0| 67 67 65 64 3a 0d 0a 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 75 73 65 |gged:.. |     use|
|000019e0| 73 20 54 50 55 4c 4f 47 | 3b 20 20 20 20 28 20 6f |s TPULOG|;    ( o|
|000019f0| 72 20 29 20 20 20 20 75 | 73 65 73 20 54 50 55 50 |r )    u|ses TPUP|
|00001a00| 52 4e 3b 0d 0a 54 68 69 | 73 20 69 73 20 61 6c 6c |RN;..Thi|s is all|
|00001a10| 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 69 | 73 20 74 6f 20 69 74 2e | there i|s to it.|
|00001a20| 20 4a 75 73 74 20 61 64 | 64 69 6e 67 20 6f 6e 65 | Just ad|ding one|
|00001a30| 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 20 | 6c 69 6e 65 20 74 6f 20 | simple |line to |
|00001a40| 74 68 65 0d 0a 74 61 72 | 67 65 74 20 70 72 6f 67 |the..tar|get prog|
|00001a50| 72 61 6d 2e 20 28 49 66 | 20 79 6f 75 20 63 61 6c |ram. (If| you cal|
|00001a60| 6c 20 61 6e 79 20 6f 74 | 68 65 72 20 75 6e 69 74 |l any ot|her unit|
|00001a70| 73 2c 20 22 75 73 65 73 | 20 74 70 75 6c 6f 67 22 |s, "uses| tpulog"|
|00001a80| 20 6d 75 73 74 0d 0a 63 | 6f 6d 65 20 41 46 54 45 | must..c|ome AFTE|
|00001a90| 52 20 74 68 65 20 73 79 | 73 74 65 6d 20 75 6e 69 |R the sy|stem uni|
|00001aa0| 74 73 20 28 65 67 20 44 | 6f 73 29 2c 20 62 75 74 |ts (eg D|os), but|
|00001ab0| 20 42 45 46 4f 52 45 20 | 61 6e 79 20 77 68 69 63 | BEFORE |any whic|
|00001ac0| 68 20 79 6f 75 20 6d 61 | 79 0d 0a 64 65 66 69 6e |h you ma|y..defin|
|00001ad0| 65 20 79 6f 75 72 73 65 | 6c 66 21 29 0d 0a 20 20 |e yourse|lf!)..  |
|00001ae0| 20 54 68 65 20 72 65 61 | 73 6f 6e 20 74 68 61 74 | The rea|son that|
|00001af0| 20 49 20 68 61 76 65 20 | 6e 61 6d 65 64 20 74 77 | I have |named tw|
|00001b00| 6f 20 75 6e 69 74 73 20 | 68 65 72 65 20 69 6e 73 |o units |here ins|
|00001b10| 74 65 61 64 20 6f 66 20 | 6a 75 73 74 20 6f 6e 65 |tead of |just one|
|00001b20| 0d 0a 69 6e 20 74 68 65 | 20 61 62 6f 76 65 20 65 |..in the| above e|
|00001b30| 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 20 69 | 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 |xample i|s that t|
|00001b40| 68 65 20 70 72 65 66 65 | 72 72 65 64 20 6c 6f 67 |he prefe|rred log|
|00001b50| 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 | 20 74 61 72 67 65 74 0d | for the| target.|
|00001b60| 0a 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d | 20 6d 61 79 20 62 65 20 |.program| may be |
|00001b70| 61 20 6c 6f 67 66 69 6c | 65 20 6f 72 20 74 68 65 |a logfil|e or the|
|00001b80| 20 70 72 69 6e 74 65 72 | 2e 20 54 68 65 20 62 65 | printer|. The be|
|00001b90| 74 74 65 72 20 73 6f 6c | 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 |tter sol|ution of|
|00001ba0| 0d 0a 74 68 65 73 65 20 | 74 77 6f 20 69 73 20 74 |..these |two is t|
|00001bb0| 6f 20 75 73 65 20 74 68 | 65 20 6c 6f 67 66 69 6c |o use th|e logfil|
|00001bc0| 65 20 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e | 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 |e option|, and th|
|00001bd0| 65 6e 20 70 72 69 6e 74 | 20 69 74 2e 20 54 68 65 |en print| it. The|
|00001be0| 0d 0a 72 65 61 73 6f 6e | 20 69 73 20 73 69 6d 70 |..reason| is simp|
|00001bf0| 6c 65 2e 20 49 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 74 61 72 67 65 |le. If t|he targe|
|00001c00| 74 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 | 6d 20 69 74 73 65 6c 66 |t progra|m itself|
|00001c10| 20 70 72 69 6e 74 73 20 | 73 6f 6d 65 74 68 69 6e | prints |somethin|
|00001c20| 67 2c 0d 0a 79 6f 75 72 | 20 70 72 69 6e 74 6f 75 |g,..your| printou|
|00001c30| 74 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 6c | 6f 6f 6b 20 63 6f 6e 66 |t will l|ook conf|
|00001c40| 75 73 65 64 2e 0d 0a 20 | 20 20 54 68 65 20 6c 6f |used... |  The lo|
|00001c50| 67 67 69 6e 67 20 61 6c | 73 6f 20 68 61 73 20 6f |gging al|so has o|
|00001c60| 62 76 69 6f 75 73 20 6c | 69 6d 69 74 61 74 69 6f |bvious l|imitatio|
|00001c70| 6e 73 2e 20 49 74 20 77 | 6f 72 6b 73 20 66 6f 72 |ns. It w|orks for|
|00001c80| 20 73 74 61 6e 64 61 72 | 64 0d 0a 69 6e 70 75 74 | standar|d..input|
|00001c90| 20 61 6e 64 20 6f 75 74 | 70 75 74 20 28 72 65 61 | and out|put (rea|
|00001ca0| 64 28 6c 6e 29 20 61 6e | 64 20 77 72 69 74 65 28 |d(ln) an|d write(|
|00001cb0| 6c 6e 29 29 20 6f 6e 6c | 79 2e 20 31 29 20 49 74 |ln)) onl|y. 1) It|
|00001cc0| 20 64 6f 65 73 20 6e 6f | 74 0d 0a 73 75 70 70 6f | does no|t..suppo|
|00001cd0| 72 74 20 67 72 61 70 68 | 69 63 73 2c 20 69 6e 20 |rt graph|ics, in |
|00001ce0| 6f 74 68 65 72 20 77 6f | 72 64 73 20 69 74 20 69 |other wo|rds it i|
|00001cf0| 73 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 | 65 20 74 65 78 74 6d 6f |s for th|e textmo|
|00001d00| 64 65 2e 20 32 29 20 49 | 74 20 64 6f 65 73 0d 0a |de. 2) I|t does..|
|00001d10| 6e 6f 74 20 73 75 70 70 | 6f 72 74 20 64 69 72 65 |not supp|ort dire|
|00001d20| 63 74 20 28 43 72 74 29 | 20 73 63 72 65 65 6e 20 |ct (Crt)| screen |
|00001d30| 77 72 69 74 65 73 2e 20 | 33 29 20 41 6e 64 2c 20 |writes. |3) And, |
|00001d40| 6e 61 74 75 72 61 6c 6c | 79 20 69 74 20 6f 6e 6c |naturall|y it onl|
|00001d50| 79 0d 0a 73 68 6f 77 73 | 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e 70 |y..shows| the inp|
|00001d60| 75 74 20 61 6e 64 20 6f | 75 74 70 75 74 20 74 68 |ut and o|utput th|
|00001d70| 61 74 20 63 6f 6d 65 73 | 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 |at comes| to the |
|00001d80| 73 63 72 65 65 6e 2e 20 | 4e 6f 74 20 61 6e 79 20 |screen. |Not any |
|00001d90| 6f 74 68 65 72 0d 0a 69 | 6e 70 75 74 20 6f 72 20 |other..i|nput or |
|00001da0| 6f 75 74 70 75 74 2c 20 | 73 75 63 68 20 61 73 20 |output, |such as |
|00001db0| 66 72 6f 6d 20 6f 72 20 | 74 6f 20 61 20 66 69 6c |from or |to a fil|
|00001dc0| 65 2e 20 34 29 20 46 75 | 72 74 68 65 72 6d 6f 72 |e. 4) Fu|rthermor|
|00001dd0| 65 2c 20 79 6f 75 20 61 | 72 65 0d 0a 6e 6f 74 20 |e, you a|re..not |
|00001de0| 61 6c 6c 6f 77 65 64 20 | 74 6f 20 72 65 61 73 73 |allowed |to reass|
|00001df0| 69 67 6e 20 69 6e 70 75 | 74 20 6f 72 20 6f 75 74 |ign inpu|t or out|
|00001e00| 70 75 74 2e 20 53 74 61 | 74 65 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 |put. Sta|tements |
|00001e10| 6c 69 6b 65 20 61 73 73 | 69 67 6e 0d 0a 28 6f 75 |like ass|ign..(ou|
|00001e20| 74 70 75 74 2c 20 27 27 | 29 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 72 |tput, ''|) will r|
|00001e30| 65 73 75 6c 74 20 69 6e | 20 61 20 63 72 61 73 68 |esult in| a crash|
|00001e40| 2c 20 62 65 63 61 75 73 | 65 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 |, becaus|e the re|
|00001e50| 77 72 69 74 74 65 6e 20 | 6f 75 74 70 75 74 0d 0a |written |output..|
|00001e60| 64 65 76 69 63 65 20 72 | 65 64 69 72 65 63 74 69 |device r|edirecti|
|00001e70| 6f 6e 73 20 61 72 65 20 | 69 6e 76 61 6c 69 64 61 |ons are |invalida|
|00001e80| 74 65 64 20 62 79 20 73 | 75 63 68 20 73 74 61 74 |ted by s|uch stat|
|00001e90| 65 6d 65 6e 74 73 2e 20 | 35 29 20 54 68 65 0d 0a |ements. |5) The..|
|00001ea0| 64 65 76 69 63 65 20 6f | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 64 65 |device o|n the de|
|00001eb0| 66 61 75 6c 74 20 64 72 | 69 76 65 20 6d 75 73 74 |fault dr|ive must|
|00001ec0| 20 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 20 | 77 72 69 74 65 20 70 72 | not be |write pr|
|00001ed0| 6f 74 65 63 74 65 64 2c | 20 73 69 6e 63 65 20 65 |otected,| since e|
|00001ee0| 6c 73 65 0d 0a 74 68 65 | 20 6c 6f 67 66 69 6c 65 |lse..the| logfile|
|00001ef0| 20 63 61 6e 6e 6f 74 20 | 62 65 20 77 72 69 74 74 | cannot |be writt|
|00001f00| 65 6e 20 74 6f 20 69 74 | 2e 20 36 29 20 49 74 20 |en to it|. 6) It |
|00001f10| 64 6f 65 73 20 6e 6f 74 | 20 77 6f 72 6b 20 66 6f |does not| work fo|
|00001f20| 72 20 54 75 72 62 6f 0d | 0a 50 61 73 63 61 6c 20 |r Turbo.|.Pascal |
|00001f30| 34 2e 30 2e 20 44 65 73 | 70 69 74 65 20 74 68 65 |4.0. Des|pite the|
|00001f40| 73 65 20 72 65 73 74 72 | 69 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 2c |se restr|ictions,|
|00001f50| 20 74 68 65 20 6d 65 74 | 68 6f 64 20 69 73 20 70 | the met|hod is p|
|00001f60| 65 72 66 65 63 74 6c 79 | 0d 0a 73 75 69 74 65 64 |erfectly|..suited|
|00001f70| 20 66 6f 72 20 6c 6f 67 | 67 69 6e 67 20 73 74 75 | for log|ging stu|
|00001f80| 64 65 6e 74 73 27 20 54 | 75 72 62 6f 20 50 61 73 |dents' T|urbo Pas|
|00001f90| 63 61 6c 20 65 73 63 61 | 70 61 64 65 73 2e 0d 0a |cal esca|pades...|
|00001fa0| 20 20 20 49 74 20 69 73 | 20 61 64 76 69 73 61 62 |   It is| advisab|
|00001fb0| 6c 65 20 66 69 72 73 74 | 20 74 6f 20 74 65 73 74 |le first| to test|
|00001fc0| 20 61 6e 64 20 72 75 6e | 20 79 6f 75 72 20 74 61 | and run| your ta|
|00001fd0| 72 67 65 74 20 70 72 6f | 67 72 61 6d 20 77 69 74 |rget pro|gram wit|
|00001fe0| 68 6f 75 74 0d 0a 22 74 | 70 75 6c 6f 67 22 2c 20 |hout.."t|pulog", |
|00001ff0| 73 6f 20 74 68 61 74 20 | 69 66 20 79 6f 75 20 67 |so that |if you g|
|00002000| 65 74 20 61 6e 79 20 73 | 74 72 61 6e 67 65 20 65 |et any s|trange e|
|00002010| 72 72 6f 72 73 20 79 6f | 75 27 6c 6c 20 6b 6e 6f |rrors yo|u'll kno|
|00002020| 77 20 77 68 65 74 68 65 | 72 0d 0a 74 68 65 79 20 |w whethe|r..they |
|00002030| 61 72 65 20 63 61 75 73 | 65 64 20 62 79 20 74 68 |are caus|ed by th|
|00002040| 65 20 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e | 67 2e 0d 0a 20 20 20 57 |e loggin|g...   W|
|00002050| 68 65 72 65 20 74 6f 20 | 67 65 74 20 73 75 63 68 |here to |get such|
|00002060| 20 61 20 75 6e 69 74 2e | 20 54 68 65 20 63 6f 64 | a unit.| The cod|
|00002070| 65 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 | 20 66 6f 75 6e 64 20 69 |e can be| found i|
|00002080| 6e 20 4d 69 63 68 61 65 | 6c 0d 0a 54 69 73 63 68 |n Michae|l..Tisch|
|00002090| 65 72 20 28 31 39 39 30 | 29 2c 20 54 75 72 62 6f |er (1990|), Turbo|
|000020a0| 20 50 61 73 63 61 6c 20 | 49 6e 74 65 72 6e 61 6c | Pascal |Internal|
|000020b0| 73 2c 20 41 62 61 63 75 | 73 2c 20 53 65 63 74 69 |s, Abacu|s, Secti|
|000020c0| 6f 6e 20 34 2e 32 2e 20 | 4e 65 78 74 20 61 0d 0a |on 4.2. |Next a..|
|000020d0| 66 65 77 20 6f 66 20 6d | 79 20 6f 77 6e 20 74 69 |few of m|y own ti|
|000020e0| 70 73 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 | 69 73 20 75 6e 69 74 20 |ps on th|is unit |
|000020f0| 54 69 73 63 68 65 72 20 | 63 61 6c 6c 73 20 50 72 |Tischer |calls Pr|
|00002100| 6f 74 2e 20 31 29 20 54 | 68 65 20 63 6f 64 65 20 |ot. 1) T|he code |
|00002110| 69 73 0d 0a 69 6e 20 69 | 6e 63 6f 72 72 65 63 74 |is..in i|ncorrect|
|00002120| 20 6f 72 64 65 72 2e 20 | 54 68 65 20 63 6f 64 65 | order. |The code|
|00002130| 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 73 | 20 6c 69 73 74 65 64 20 | that is| listed |
|00002140| 6f 6e 20 70 61 67 65 73 | 20 31 34 32 20 2d 20 31 |on pages| 142 - 1|
|00002150| 34 35 20 67 6f 65 73 0d | 0a 62 65 74 77 65 65 6e |45 goes.|.between|
|00002160| 20 70 61 67 65 73 20 31 | 33 39 20 61 6e 64 20 31 | pages 1|39 and 1|
|00002170| 34 30 2e 20 32 29 20 59 | 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 20 63 |40. 2) Y|ou can c|
|00002180| 68 61 6e 67 65 20 74 68 | 65 20 6c 6f 67 66 69 6c |hange th|e logfil|
|00002190| 65 20 6e 61 6d 65 20 28 | 63 6f 6e 73 74 0d 0a 70 |e name (|const..p|
|000021a0| 72 6f 74 5f 6e 61 6d 65 | 29 20 74 6f 20 6c 70 74 |rot_name|) to lpt|
|000021b0| 31 20 66 6f 72 20 61 20 | 70 72 69 6e 74 65 64 20 |1 for a |printed |
|000021c0| 6c 69 73 74 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 74 61 72 67 |list of |the targ|
|000021d0| 65 74 20 70 72 6f 67 72 | 61 6d 20 72 75 6e 2e 20 |et progr|am run. |
|000021e0| 49 6e 0d 0a 74 68 61 74 | 20 63 61 73 65 20 69 74 |In..that| case it|
|000021f0| 20 69 73 20 61 64 76 69 | 73 61 62 6c 65 20 74 6f | is advi|sable to|
|00002200| 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 64 65 | 20 61 20 74 65 73 74 20 | include| a test |
|00002210| 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 | 6f 6e 6c 69 6e 65 20 73 |for the |online s|
|00002220| 74 61 74 75 73 20 6f 66 | 0d 0a 74 68 65 20 70 72 |tatus of|..the pr|
|00002230| 69 6e 74 65 72 20 77 69 | 74 68 69 6e 20 54 69 73 |inter wi|thin Tis|
|00002240| 63 68 65 72 27 73 20 75 | 6e 69 74 2e 20 33 29 20 |cher's u|nit. 3) |
|00002250| 49 20 73 65 65 20 6e 6f | 20 72 65 61 73 6f 6e 20 |I see no| reason |
|00002260| 77 68 79 20 74 68 65 20 | 74 77 6f 0d 0a 6c 69 6e |why the |two..lin|
|00002270| 65 73 20 69 6e 20 54 69 | 73 63 68 65 72 27 73 20 |es in Ti|scher's |
|00002280| 69 6e 74 65 72 66 61 63 | 65 20 73 65 63 74 69 6f |interfac|e sectio|
|00002290| 6e 20 63 6f 75 6c 64 6e | 27 74 20 62 65 20 74 72 |n couldn|'t be tr|
|000022a0| 61 6e 73 66 65 72 72 65 | 64 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 |ansferre|d to the|
|000022b0| 0d 0a 69 6d 70 6c 65 6d | 65 6e 74 61 74 69 6f 6e |..implem|entation|
|000022c0| 20 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e | 2e 20 57 68 79 20 68 61 | section|. Why ha|
|000022d0| 76 65 20 61 6e 79 20 67 | 6c 6f 62 61 6c 20 64 65 |ve any g|lobal de|
|000022e0| 66 69 6e 69 74 69 6f 6e | 73 3f 20 20 42 75 74 20 |finition|s?  But |
|000022f0| 61 6c 6c 20 69 6e 0d 0a | 61 6c 6c 2c 20 69 74 20 |all in..|all, it |
|00002300| 77 6f 72 6b 73 20 6c 69 | 6b 65 20 6d 61 67 69 63 |works li|ke magic|
|00002310| 21 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 41 34 | 3a 20 46 72 6f 6d 3a 20 |!.... A4|: From: |
|00002320| 61 62 63 73 63 6e 75 6b | 40 63 73 75 6e 62 2e 63 |abcscnuk|@csunb.c|
|00002330| 73 75 6e 2e 65 64 75 20 | 28 4e 61 6f 74 6f 20 4b |sun.edu |(Naoto K|
|00002340| 69 6d 75 72 61 20 28 41 | 43 4d 29 29 0d 0a 53 75 |imura (A|CM))..Su|
|00002350| 62 6a 65 63 74 3a 20 52 | 65 3a 20 50 72 69 6e 74 |bject: R|e: Print|
|00002360| 69 6e 67 20 61 20 6c 6f | 67 20 6f 66 20 73 74 75 |ing a lo|g of stu|
|00002370| 64 65 6e 74 73 27 20 65 | 78 65 72 63 69 73 65 73 |dents' e|xercises|
|00002380| 20 72 65 76 69 73 69 74 | 65 64 0d 0a 54 6f 3a 20 | revisit|ed..To: |
|00002390| 74 73 40 75 77 61 73 61 | 2e 66 69 0d 0a 44 61 74 |ts@uwasa|.fi..Dat|
|000023a0| 65 3a 20 46 72 69 2c 20 | 32 20 4e 6f 76 20 39 30 |e: Fri, |2 Nov 90|
|000023b0| 20 32 30 3a 35 32 3a 30 | 33 20 70 64 74 0d 0a 5b | 20:52:0|3 pdt..[|
|000023c0| 52 65 70 72 6f 64 75 63 | 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 |Reproduc|ed with |
|000023d0| 4e 61 6f 74 6f 27 73 20 | 6b 69 6e 64 20 70 65 72 |Naoto's |kind per|
|000023e0| 6d 69 73 73 69 6f 6e 5d | 0d 0a 42 79 20 74 68 65 |mission]|..By the|
|000023f0| 20 77 61 79 2c 20 73 65 | 76 65 72 61 6c 20 6d 6f | way, se|veral mo|
|00002400| 6e 74 68 73 20 61 67 6f | 2c 20 49 20 68 61 64 20 |nths ago|, I had |
|00002410| 73 75 62 6d 69 74 74 65 | 64 20 61 20 66 69 6c 65 |submitte|d a file|
|00002420| 20 28 6e 6b 74 6f 6f 6c | 73 2e 7a 69 70 29 0d 0a | (nktool|s.zip)..|
|00002430| 66 69 6c 65 20 6f 6e 20 | 53 69 6d 74 65 6c 32 30 |file on |Simtel20|
|00002440| 20 74 68 61 74 20 63 6f | 6e 74 61 69 6e 73 20 73 | that co|ntains s|
|00002450| 6f 75 72 63 65 73 20 74 | 6f 20 61 20 75 6e 69 74 |ources t|o a unit|
|00002460| 20 28 4c 4f 47 47 45 52 | 29 2c 20 77 68 69 63 68 | (LOGGER|), which|
|00002470| 0d 0a 61 6c 6c 6f 77 73 | 20 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e 67 |..allows| logging|
|00002480| 20 6f 66 20 49 2f 4f 20 | 67 6f 69 6e 67 20 74 68 | of I/O |going th|
|00002490| 72 6f 75 67 68 20 74 68 | 65 20 73 74 61 6e 64 61 |rough th|e standa|
|000024a0| 72 64 20 69 6e 70 75 74 | 20 61 6e 64 20 6f 75 74 |rd input| and out|
|000024b0| 70 75 74 0d 0a 66 69 6c | 65 73 2c 20 77 68 69 6c |put..fil|es, whil|
|000024c0| 65 20 73 74 69 6c 6c 20 | 62 65 69 6e 67 20 61 62 |e still |being ab|
|000024d0| 6c 65 20 74 6f 20 75 73 | 65 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 |le to us|e the pr|
|000024e0| 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 69 6e | 74 65 72 61 63 74 69 76 |ogram in|teractiv|
|000024f0| 65 6c 79 2e 20 20 49 0d | 0a 62 65 6c 69 65 76 65 |ely.  I.|.believe|
|00002500| 20 74 68 61 74 20 49 20 | 61 6c 73 6f 20 73 75 62 | that I |also sub|
|00002510| 6d 69 74 74 65 64 20 61 | 20 63 6f 70 79 20 74 6f |mitted a| copy to|
|00002520| 20 79 6f 75 72 20 73 69 | 74 65 2e 20 20 49 74 20 | your si|te.  It |
|00002530| 77 61 73 20 73 6f 6d 65 | 74 68 69 6e 67 0d 0a 49 |was some|thing..I|
|00002540| 20 70 75 74 20 74 6f 67 | 65 74 68 65 72 20 66 6f | put tog|ether fo|
|00002550| 72 20 75 73 65 20 62 79 | 20 73 74 75 64 65 6e 74 |r use by| student|
|00002560| 73 20 68 65 72 65 20 61 | 74 20 43 61 6c 69 66 6f |s here a|t Califo|
|00002570| 72 6e 69 61 20 53 74 61 | 74 65 0d 0a 55 6e 69 76 |rnia Sta|te..Univ|
|00002580| 65 72 73 69 74 79 20 61 | 74 20 4e 6f 72 74 68 72 |ersity a|t Northr|
|00002590| 69 64 67 65 2e 20 20 54 | 68 65 20 73 6f 75 72 63 |idge.  T|he sourc|
|000025a0| 65 20 77 6f 72 6b 73 20 | 65 71 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 |e works |equally |
|000025b0| 77 65 6c 6c 20 69 6e 20 | 61 6c 6c 0d 0a 70 72 65 |well in |all..pre|
|000025c0| 73 65 6e 74 6c 79 20 61 | 76 61 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 |sently a|vailable|
|000025d0| 20 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e | 73 20 6f 66 20 54 75 72 | version|s of Tur|
|000025e0| 62 6f 20 50 61 73 63 61 | 6c 2e 0d 0a 54 68 65 20 |bo Pasca|l...The |
|000025f0| 6f 6e 6c 79 20 72 65 71 | 75 69 72 65 6d 65 6e 74 |only req|uirement|
|00002600| 73 20 61 72 65 20 74 68 | 61 74 0d 0a 20 2a 20 79 |s are th|at.. * y|
|00002610| 6f 75 20 70 6c 61 63 65 | 20 69 74 20 61 73 20 6f |ou place| it as o|
|00002620| 6e 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 6c 61 73 74 20 65 |ne of th|e last e|
|00002630| 6e 74 72 69 65 73 20 69 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 55 53 |ntries i|n the US|
|00002640| 45 53 20 63 6c 61 75 73 | 65 2e 20 20 49 66 0d 0a |ES claus|e.  If..|
|00002650| 20 20 20 74 68 65 72 65 | 20 69 73 20 61 6e 79 74 |   there| is anyt|
|00002660| 68 69 6e 67 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 72 65 64 69 72 65 |hing tha|t redire|
|00002670| 63 74 73 20 74 68 65 20 | 73 74 61 6e 64 61 72 64 |cts the |standard|
|00002680| 20 69 6e 70 75 74 20 61 | 6e 64 20 6f 75 74 70 75 | input a|nd outpu|
|00002690| 74 0d 0a 20 20 20 66 69 | 6c 65 20 76 61 72 69 61 |t..   fi|le varia|
|000026a0| 62 6c 65 73 2c 20 79 6f | 75 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 |bles, yo|u should|
|000026b0| 20 70 75 74 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 75 6e 69 74 20 62 | put tha|t unit b|
|000026c0| 65 66 6f 72 65 20 6d 79 | 20 75 6e 69 74 20 69 6e |efore my| unit in|
|000026d0| 20 74 68 65 0d 0a 20 20 | 20 55 53 45 53 20 63 6c | the..  | USES cl|
|000026e0| 61 75 73 65 2c 20 73 6f | 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 74 |ause, so| that it|
|000026f0| 20 63 61 6e 20 73 65 65 | 20 74 68 65 20 49 2f 4f | can see| the I/O|
|00002700| 20 73 74 72 65 61 6d 2e | 0d 0a 20 2a 20 44 6f 6e | stream.|.. * Don|
|00002710| 27 74 20 75 73 65 20 74 | 68 65 20 47 6f 74 6f 58 |'t use t|he GotoX|
|00002720| 59 20 61 6e 64 20 73 69 | 6d 69 6c 61 72 20 73 63 |Y and si|milar sc|
|00002730| 72 65 65 6e 20 64 69 73 | 70 6c 61 79 20 63 6f 6e |reen dis|play con|
|00002740| 74 72 6f 6c 0d 0a 20 20 | 20 70 72 6f 63 65 64 75 |trol..  | procedu|
|00002750| 72 65 73 20 69 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 43 72 74 20 75 |res in t|he Crt u|
|00002760| 6e 69 74 20 61 6e 64 20 | 65 78 70 65 63 74 20 69 |nit and |expect i|
|00002770| 74 20 74 6f 20 63 6f 6d | 65 20 6f 75 74 20 74 68 |t to com|e out th|
|00002780| 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 77 | 61 79 0d 0a 20 20 20 79 |e same w|ay..   y|
|00002790| 6f 75 20 68 61 64 20 69 | 74 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 |ou had i|t on the|
|000027a0| 20 64 69 73 70 6c 61 79 | 2e 20 20 53 69 6e 63 65 | display|.  Since|
|000027b0| 20 61 6c 6c 20 6d 79 20 | 75 6e 69 74 20 64 6f 65 | all my |unit doe|
|000027c0| 73 20 69 73 20 6a 75 73 | 74 0d 0a 20 20 20 63 61 |s is jus|t..   ca|
|000027d0| 70 74 75 72 65 20 74 68 | 65 20 49 2f 4f 20 73 74 |pture th|e I/O st|
|000027e0| 72 65 61 6d 20 74 6f 20 | 73 65 6e 64 20 69 74 20 |ream to |send it |
|000027f0| 74 68 72 6f 75 67 68 20 | 74 68 65 20 6e 6f 72 6d |through |the norm|
|00002800| 61 6c 20 63 68 61 6e 6e | 65 6c 73 20 61 6e 64 0d |al chann|els and.|
|00002810| 0a 20 20 20 61 6c 73 6f | 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 |.   also| to the |
|00002820| 6c 6f 67 20 66 69 6c 65 | 2c 20 61 6c 6c 20 73 63 |log file|, all sc|
|00002830| 72 65 65 6e 20 63 6f 6e | 74 72 6f 6c 20 69 6e 66 |reen con|trol inf|
|00002840| 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e | 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 |ormation| is not |
|00002850| 73 65 6e 74 0d 0a 20 20 | 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 |sent..  | to the |
|00002860| 6c 6f 67 20 66 69 6c 65 | 2e 0d 0a 20 2a 20 41 6c |log file|... * Al|
|00002870| 6c 20 49 2f 4f 20 79 6f | 75 20 77 61 6e 74 20 6c |l I/O yo|u want l|
|00002880| 6f 67 67 65 64 20 73 68 | 6f 75 6c 64 20 67 6f 20 |ogged sh|ould go |
|00002890| 74 68 72 6f 75 67 68 20 | 74 68 65 20 73 74 61 6e |through |the stan|
|000028a0| 64 61 72 64 20 69 6e 70 | 75 74 20 61 6e 64 0d 0a |dard inp|ut and..|
|000028b0| 20 20 20 6f 75 74 70 75 | 74 20 66 69 6c 65 20 76 |   outpu|t file v|
|000028c0| 61 72 69 61 62 6c 65 73 | 2e 0d 0a 20 2a 20 44 6f |ariables|... * Do|
|000028d0| 6e 27 74 20 63 6c 6f 73 | 65 20 74 68 65 20 73 74 |n't clos|e the st|
|000028e0| 61 6e 64 61 72 64 20 69 | 6e 70 75 74 20 61 6e 64 |andard i|nput and|
|000028f0| 20 6f 75 74 70 75 74 20 | 66 69 6c 65 20 76 61 72 | output |file var|
|00002900| 69 61 62 6c 65 73 2c 20 | 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 0d |iables, |because.|
|00002910| 0a 20 20 20 69 74 20 77 | 69 6c 6c 20 63 61 75 73 |.   it w|ill caus|
|00002920| 65 20 70 72 6f 62 6c 65 | 6d 73 2e 20 20 42 61 73 |e proble|ms.  Bas|
|00002930| 69 63 61 6c 6c 79 2c 20 | 61 73 20 66 61 72 20 61 |ically, |as far a|
|00002940| 73 20 49 20 68 61 76 65 | 20 63 68 65 63 6b 65 64 |s I have| checked|
|00002950| 2c 20 69 74 0d 0a 20 20 | 20 6a 75 73 74 20 63 61 |, it..  | just ca|
|00002960| 75 73 65 73 20 74 68 65 | 20 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e 67 |uses the| logging|
|00002970| 20 74 6f 20 73 74 6f 70 | 20 61 74 20 74 68 61 74 | to stop| at that|
|00002980| 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 2e 0d | 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | point..|.-------|
|00002990| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000029a0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000029b0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000029c0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a 0d |--------|-----...|
|000029d0| 0a 46 72 6f 6d 20 74 73 | 40 75 77 61 73 61 2e 66 |.From ts|@uwasa.f|
|000029e0| 69 20 57 65 64 20 41 75 | 67 20 31 38 20 30 30 3a |i Wed Au|g 18 00:|
|000029f0| 30 30 3a 30 33 20 31 39 | 39 33 0d 0a 53 75 62 6a |00:03 19|93..Subj|
|00002a00| 65 63 74 3a 20 43 6f 64 | 65 20 74 6f 20 67 69 76 |ect: Cod|e to giv|
|00002a10| 65 20 74 68 65 20 77 65 | 65 6b 64 61 79 20 6f 66 |e the we|ekday of|
|00002a20| 20 61 20 64 61 74 65 0d | 0a 0d 0a 33 2e 20 2a 2a | a date.|...3. **|
|00002a30| 2a 2a 2a 0d 0a 20 51 3a | 20 49 20 77 61 6e 74 20 |***.. Q:| I want |
|00002a40| 63 6f 64 65 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 67 69 76 65 73 20 |code tha|t gives |
|00002a50| 74 68 65 20 77 65 65 6b | 64 61 79 20 6f 66 20 74 |the week|day of t|
|00002a60| 68 65 20 67 69 76 65 6e | 20 64 61 74 65 2e 0d 0a |he given| date...|
|00002a70| 0d 0a 20 41 31 3a 20 54 | 68 65 72 65 20 69 73 20 |.. A1: T|here is |
|00002a80| 61 20 57 4b 44 41 59 46 | 4e 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 |a WKDAYF|N functi|
|00002a90| 6f 6e 20 69 6e 20 2f 70 | 63 2f 74 73 2f 74 73 70 |on in /p|c/ts/tsp|
|00002aa0| 61 33 33 2a 2e 7a 69 70 | 20 28 6f 72 20 77 68 61 |a33*.zip| (or wha|
|00002ab0| 74 65 76 65 72 0d 0a 76 | 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 6e |tever..v|ersion n|
|00002ac0| 75 6d 62 65 72 20 69 73 | 20 74 68 65 20 6c 61 74 |umber is| the lat|
|00002ad0| 65 73 74 2c 20 61 6e 64 | 20 77 68 65 72 65 20 2a |est, and| where *|
|00002ae0| 20 69 73 20 34 30 20 35 | 30 20 35 35 20 36 30 20 | is 40 5|0 55 60 |
|00002af0| 61 6e 64 20 37 30 29 0d | 0a 54 75 72 62 6f 20 50 |and 70).|.Turbo P|
|00002b00| 61 73 63 61 6c 20 75 6e | 69 74 73 20 63 6f 6c 6c |ascal un|its coll|
|00002b10| 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 74 | 6f 20 67 69 76 65 20 74 |ection t|o give t|
|00002b20| 68 65 20 6d 6f 64 65 72 | 6e 20 77 65 65 6b 64 61 |he moder|n weekda|
|00002b30| 79 20 62 61 73 65 64 20 | 6f 6e 0d 0a 5a 65 6c 6c |y based |on..Zell|
|00002b40| 65 72 27 73 20 63 6f 6e | 67 72 75 65 6e 63 65 2e |er's con|gruence.|
|00002b50| 20 41 76 61 69 6c 61 62 | 6c 65 20 62 79 20 61 6e | Availab|le by an|
|00002b60| 6f 6e 79 6d 6f 75 73 20 | 46 54 50 20 6f 72 20 6d |onymous |FTP or m|
|00002b70| 61 69 6c 20 73 65 72 76 | 65 72 20 66 72 6f 6d 0d |ail serv|er from.|
|00002b80| 0a 67 61 72 62 6f 2e 75 | 77 61 73 61 2e 66 69 2e |.garbo.u|wasa.fi.|
|00002b90| 20 41 6c 73 6f 20 79 6f | 75 20 63 61 6e 20 66 69 | Also yo|u can fi|
|00002ba0| 6e 64 20 61 20 6d 6f 72 | 65 20 65 78 74 65 6e 73 |nd a mor|e extens|
|00002bb0| 69 76 65 20 4a 75 6c 69 | 61 6e 20 61 6e 64 0d 0a |ive Juli|an and..|
|00002bc0| 47 72 65 67 6f 72 69 61 | 6e 20 77 65 65 6b 64 61 |Gregoria|n weekda|
|00002bd0| 79 20 61 6c 67 6f 72 69 | 74 68 6d 20 77 69 74 68 |y algori|thm with|
|00002be0| 20 73 6f 75 72 63 65 20 | 63 6f 64 65 20 69 6e 20 | source |code in |
|00002bf0| 44 72 2e 44 6f 62 62 27 | 73 20 4a 6f 75 72 6e 61 |Dr.Dobb'|s Journa|
|00002c00| 6c 2c 0d 0a 4a 75 6e 65 | 20 31 39 38 39 2c 20 70 |l,..June| 1989, p|
|00002c10| 2e 20 31 34 38 2e 20 46 | 75 72 74 68 65 72 6d 6f |. 148. F|urthermo|
|00002c20| 72 65 20 50 72 65 73 73 | 20 26 20 46 6c 61 6e 6e |re Press| & Flann|
|00002c30| 65 72 79 20 26 20 61 6c | 20 28 31 39 38 36 29 2c |ery & al| (1986),|
|00002c40| 0d 0a 4e 75 6d 65 72 69 | 63 61 6c 20 52 65 63 69 |..Numeri|cal Reci|
|00002c50| 70 65 73 2c 20 43 61 6d | 62 72 69 64 67 65 20 55 |pes, Cam|bridge U|
|00002c60| 6e 69 76 65 72 73 69 74 | 79 20 50 72 65 73 73 2c |niversit|y Press,|
|00002c70| 20 70 72 65 73 65 6e 74 | 20 61 20 77 65 65 6b 64 | present| a weekd|
|00002c80| 61 79 0d 0a 63 6f 64 65 | 2e 20 54 68 65 20 4e 75 |ay..code|. The Nu|
|00002c90| 6d 65 72 69 63 61 6c 20 | 52 65 63 69 70 65 73 20 |merical |Recipes |
|00002ca0| 63 6f 64 65 73 20 61 72 | 65 20 61 76 61 69 6c 61 |codes ar|e availa|
|00002cb0| 62 6c 65 20 61 73 0d 0a | 2f 70 63 2f 74 75 72 62 |ble as..|/pc/turb|
|00002cc0| 6f 70 61 73 2f 6e 72 70 | 61 73 31 33 2e 7a 69 70 |opas/nrp|as13.zip|
|00002cd0| 20 28 62 69 67 2c 20 34 | 30 34 6b 21 29 2e 0d 0a | (big, 4|04k!)...|
|00002ce0| 0d 0a 20 41 32 3a 20 53 | 6f 6d 65 20 77 69 6c 6c |.. A2: S|ome will|
|00002cf0| 20 72 65 63 6f 6d 6d 65 | 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 66 | recomme|nd the f|
|00002d00| 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 69 6e 67 | 20 6b 6c 75 64 67 65 2e |ollowing| kludge.|
|00002d10| 20 53 74 6f 72 65 20 74 | 68 65 20 63 75 72 72 65 | Store t|he curre|
|00002d20| 6e 74 0d 0a 64 61 74 65 | 2c 20 63 68 61 6e 67 65 |nt..date|, change|
|00002d30| 20 69 74 2c 20 61 6e 64 | 20 6c 65 74 20 4d 73 44 | it, and| let MsD|
|00002d40| 6f 73 20 67 65 74 20 79 | 6f 75 20 74 68 65 20 77 |os get y|ou the w|
|00002d50| 65 65 6b 64 61 79 2e 20 | 44 6f 6e 27 74 20 75 73 |eekday. |Don't us|
|00002d60| 65 20 69 74 21 20 49 74 | 0d 0a 69 73 20 61 20 62 |e it! It|..is a b|
|00002d70| 61 64 20 73 75 67 67 65 | 73 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 4f |ad sugge|stion. O|
|00002d80| 6e 20 74 6f 70 20 6f 66 | 20 62 65 69 6e 67 20 73 |n top of| being s|
|00002d90| 6c 6f 70 70 79 20 70 72 | 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 69 6e |loppy pr|ogrammin|
|00002da0| 67 2c 20 74 68 65 72 65 | 20 61 72 65 0d 0a 73 65 |g, there| are..se|
|00002db0| 76 65 72 61 6c 20 73 6e | 61 67 73 2e 20 20 54 68 |veral sn|ags.  Th|
|00002dc0| 65 20 74 72 69 63 6b 20 | 77 6f 72 6b 73 20 6f 6e |e trick |works on|
|00002dd0| 6c 79 20 66 6f 72 20 79 | 65 61 72 73 20 31 39 38 |ly for y|ears 198|
|00002de0| 30 2d 32 30 37 39 2e 20 | 41 20 63 72 61 73 68 0d |0-2079. |A crash.|
|00002df0| 0a 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f | 67 72 61 6d 20 6d 61 79 |.the pro|gram may|
|00002e00| 20 6c 65 61 76 65 20 74 | 68 65 20 63 6c 6f 63 6b | leave t|he clock|
|00002e10| 20 61 74 20 61 20 77 72 | 6f 6e 67 20 64 61 74 65 | at a wr|ong date|
|00002e20| 2e 20 41 6e 64 20 65 76 | 65 6e 20 69 66 0d 0a 6d |. And ev|en if..m|
|00002e30| 75 6c 74 69 74 61 73 6b | 69 6e 67 20 69 73 20 72 |ultitask|ing is r|
|00002e40| 61 72 65 2c 20 69 6e 20 | 61 20 6d 75 6c 74 69 74 |are, in |a multit|
|00002e50| 61 73 6b 69 6e 67 20 65 | 6e 76 69 72 6f 6e 6d 65 |asking e|nvironme|
|00002e60| 6e 74 20 68 61 76 6f 63 | 20 6d 61 79 20 72 65 73 |nt havoc| may res|
|00002e70| 75 6c 74 0d 0a 66 6f 72 | 20 74 68 65 20 6f 74 68 |ult..for| the oth|
|00002e80| 65 72 20 74 61 73 6b 73 | 2e 20 41 6e 64 20 79 6f |er tasks|. And yo|
|00002e90| 75 20 6d 61 79 20 68 61 | 76 65 20 61 20 54 53 52 |u may ha|ve a TSR|
|00002ea0| 20 74 68 61 74 20 72 65 | 71 75 69 72 65 73 20 74 | that re|quires t|
|00002eb0| 68 65 0d 0a 63 6f 72 72 | 65 63 74 20 64 61 74 65 |he..corr|ect date|
|00002ec0| 2c 20 65 74 63 2e 0d 0a | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |, etc...|--------|
|00002ed0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002ee0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002ef0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002f00| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a 0d 0a |--------|----....|
|00002f10| 46 72 6f 6d 20 74 73 40 | 75 77 61 73 61 2e 66 69 |From ts@|uwasa.fi|
|00002f20| 20 57 65 64 20 41 75 67 | 20 31 38 20 30 30 3a 30 | Wed Aug| 18 00:0|
|00002f30| 30 3a 30 34 20 31 39 39 | 33 0d 0a 53 75 62 6a 65 |0:04 199|3..Subje|
|00002f40| 63 74 3a 20 50 72 65 74 | 74 79 20 70 72 69 6e 74 |ct: Pret|ty print|
|00002f50| 65 72 73 20 28 6f 72 20 | 75 6e 69 66 6f 72 6d 20 |ers (or |uniform |
|00002f60| 63 6f 64 65 29 0d 0a 0d | 0a 34 2e 20 2a 2a 2a 2a |code)...|.4. ****|
|00002f70| 2a 0d 0a 20 51 3a 20 57 | 68 65 72 65 20 63 61 6e |*.. Q: W|here can|
|00002f80| 20 49 20 66 69 6e 64 20 | 61 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 | I find |a progra|
|00002f90| 6d 20 74 68 61 74 20 66 | 6f 72 6d 61 74 73 20 6d |m that f|ormats m|
|00002fa0| 79 20 28 6f 72 20 6d 79 | 20 73 74 75 64 65 6e 74 |y (or my| student|
|00002fb0| 73 27 29 0d 0a 54 75 72 | 62 6f 20 50 61 73 63 61 |s')..Tur|bo Pasca|
|00002fc0| 6c 20 63 6f 64 65 20 69 | 6e 20 61 20 63 6f 6e 73 |l code i|n a cons|
|00002fd0| 69 73 74 65 6e 74 20 6d | 61 74 74 65 72 2e 0d 0a |istent m|atter...|
|00002fe0| 0d 0a 20 41 3a 20 57 68 | 61 74 20 79 6f 75 20 61 |.. A: Wh|at you a|
|00002ff0| 72 65 20 61 73 6b 69 6e | 67 20 66 6f 72 20 69 73 |re askin|g for is|
|00003000| 20 6f 66 74 65 6e 20 63 | 61 6c 6c 65 64 20 22 61 | often c|alled "a|
|00003010| 20 70 72 65 74 74 79 20 | 70 72 69 6e 74 65 72 22 | pretty |printer"|
|00003020| 2e 0d 0a 54 75 72 62 6f | 50 6f 77 65 72 20 53 6f |...Turbo|Power So|
|00003030| 66 74 77 61 72 65 27 73 | 20 28 74 68 65 20 75 73 |ftware's| (the us|
|00003040| 75 61 6c 20 64 69 73 63 | 6c 61 69 6d 65 72 20 61 |ual disc|laimer a|
|00003050| 70 70 6c 69 65 73 29 20 | 63 6f 6d 6d 65 72 63 69 |pplies) |commerci|
|00003060| 61 6c 0d 0a 54 75 72 62 | 6f 20 41 6e 61 6c 79 73 |al..Turb|o Analys|
|00003070| 74 20 68 61 73 20 61 20 | 66 61 63 69 6c 69 74 79 |t has a |facility|
|00003080| 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 69 | 73 20 77 69 74 68 20 6d | for thi|s with m|
|00003090| 61 6e 79 20 6f 70 74 69 | 6f 6e 73 2e 20 54 68 65 |any opti|ons. The|
|000030a0| 72 65 20 61 72 65 0d 0a | 61 6c 73 6f 20 50 44 20 |re are..|also PD |
|000030b0| 61 6e 64 20 73 68 61 72 | 65 77 61 72 65 20 70 72 |and shar|eware pr|
|000030c0| 65 74 74 79 20 70 72 69 | 6e 74 65 72 73 2c 20 73 |etty pri|nters, s|
|000030d0| 75 63 68 20 61 73 20 2f | 70 63 2f 74 75 72 62 6f |uch as /|pc/turbo|
|000030e0| 70 61 73 2f 0d 0a 70 72 | 69 74 70 72 6e 2e 7a 69 |pas/..pr|itprn.zi|
|000030f0| 70 2c 20 62 70 37 73 62 | 2a 2e 7a 69 70 20 22 53 |p, bp7sb|*.zip "S|
|00003100| 6f 75 72 63 65 20 42 65 | 61 75 74 69 66 69 65 72 |ource Be|autifier|
|00003110| 20 66 6f 72 20 42 6f 72 | 6c 61 6e 64 20 50 61 73 | for Bor|land Pas|
|00003120| 63 61 6c 20 62 79 0d 0a | 4a 2e 46 65 72 69 6e 63 |cal by..|J.Ferinc|
|00003130| 7a 22 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 | 6f 74 68 65 72 73 20 61 |z", and |others a|
|00003140| 74 20 67 61 72 62 6f 2e | 75 77 61 73 61 2e 66 69 |t garbo.|uwasa.fi|
|00003150| 20 61 76 61 69 6c 61 62 | 6c 65 20 62 79 20 61 6e | availab|le by an|
|00003160| 6f 6e 79 6d 6f 75 73 20 | 46 54 50 0d 0a 6f 72 20 |onymous |FTP..or |
|00003170| 6d 61 69 6c 20 73 65 72 | 76 65 72 2e 20 53 65 65 |mail ser|ver. See|
|00003180| 20 2f 70 63 2f 49 4e 44 | 45 58 2e 5a 49 50 20 66 | /pc/IND|EX.ZIP f|
|00003190| 6f 72 20 61 20 6c 69 73 | 74 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |or a lis|t of the|
|000031a0| 20 66 69 6c 65 73 2e 0d | 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | files..|.-------|
|000031b0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000031c0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000031d0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000031e0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a 0d |--------|-----...|
|000031f0| 0a 46 72 6f 6d 20 74 73 | 40 75 77 61 73 61 2e 66 |.From ts|@uwasa.f|
|00003200| 69 20 57 65 64 20 41 75 | 67 20 31 38 20 30 30 3a |i Wed Au|g 18 00:|
|00003210| 30 30 3a 30 35 20 31 39 | 39 33 0d 0a 53 75 62 6a |00:05 19|93..Subj|
|00003220| 65 63 74 3a 20 48 6f 77 | 20 74 6f 20 77 72 69 74 |ect: How| to writ|
|00003230| 65 20 54 53 52 20 70 72 | 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 0d 0a |e TSR pr|ograms..|
|00003240| 0d 0a 35 2e 20 2a 2a 2a | 2a 2a 0d 0a 20 51 3a 20 |..5. ***|**.. Q: |
|00003250| 43 61 6e 20 73 6f 6d 65 | 6f 6e 65 20 67 69 76 65 |Can some|one give|
|00003260| 20 6d 65 20 61 64 76 69 | 63 65 20 66 6f 72 20 77 | me advi|ce for w|
|00003270| 72 69 74 69 6e 67 20 61 | 20 74 73 72 20 70 72 6f |riting a| tsr pro|
|00003280| 67 72 61 6d 2e 0d 0a 0d | 0a 20 41 3a 20 57 72 69 |gram....|. A: Wri|
|00003290| 74 69 6e 67 20 61 20 74 | 65 72 6d 69 6e 61 74 65 |ting a t|erminate|
|000032a0| 20 61 6e 64 20 73 74 61 | 79 20 72 65 73 69 64 65 | and sta|y reside|
|000032b0| 6e 74 20 70 72 6f 67 72 | 61 6d 20 63 61 6e 20 62 |nt progr|am can b|
|000032c0| 65 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 64 | 65 72 65 64 0d 0a 61 64 |e consid|ered..ad|
|000032d0| 76 61 6e 63 65 64 20 70 | 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 69 |vanced p|rogrammi|
|000032e0| 6e 67 20 61 6e 64 20 69 | 73 20 62 65 79 6f 6e 64 |ng and i|s beyond|
|000032f0| 20 74 68 65 20 73 63 6f | 70 65 20 6f 66 20 61 6e | the sco|pe of an|
|00003300| 20 65 6c 65 63 74 72 6f | 6e 69 63 0d 0a 6d 65 73 | electro|nic..mes|
|00003310| 73 61 67 65 20 77 69 74 | 68 20 6c 69 6d 69 74 65 |sage wit|h limite|
|00003320| 64 20 73 70 61 63 65 2e | 20 49 6e 73 74 65 61 64 |d space.| Instead|
|00003330| 2c 20 68 65 72 65 20 61 | 72 65 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 |, here a|re some |
|00003340| 72 65 66 65 72 65 6e 63 | 65 73 20 74 6f 0d 0a 54 |referenc|es to..T|
|00003350| 75 72 62 6f 20 50 61 73 | 63 61 6c 20 62 6f 6f 6b |urbo Pas|cal book|
|00003360| 73 20 61 6e 64 20 70 61 | 70 65 72 73 20 77 68 69 |s and pa|pers whi|
|00003370| 63 68 20 68 61 76 65 20 | 61 20 63 6f 76 65 72 61 |ch have |a covera|
|00003380| 67 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 73 75 62 6a 65 63 |ge of th|e subjec|
|00003390| 74 2e 0d 0a 53 74 65 70 | 68 65 6e 20 4f 27 42 72 |t...Step|hen O'Br|
|000033a0| 69 65 6e 2c 20 54 75 72 | 62 6f 20 50 61 73 63 61 |ien, Tur|bo Pasca|
|000033b0| 6c 2c 20 54 68 65 20 43 | 6f 6d 70 6c 65 74 65 20 |l, The C|omplete |
|000033c0| 52 65 66 65 72 65 6e 63 | 65 2c 20 43 68 61 70 74 |Referenc|e, Chapt|
|000033d0| 65 72 20 31 36 3b 0d 0a | 53 74 65 70 68 65 6e 20 |er 16;..|Stephen |
|000033e0| 4f 27 42 72 69 65 6e 2c | 20 54 75 72 62 6f 20 50 |O'Brien,| Turbo P|
|000033f0| 61 73 63 61 6c 2c 20 41 | 64 76 61 6e 63 65 64 20 |ascal, A|dvanced |
|00003400| 50 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d | 65 72 27 73 20 47 75 69 |Programm|er's Gui|
|00003410| 64 65 2c 20 43 68 61 70 | 74 65 72 0d 0a 36 3b 20 |de, Chap|ter..6; |
|00003420| 4d 69 63 68 61 65 6c 20 | 54 69 73 63 68 65 72 2c |Michael |Tischer,|
|00003430| 20 54 75 72 62 6f 20 50 | 61 73 63 61 6c 20 49 6e | Turbo P|ascal In|
|00003440| 74 65 72 6e 61 6c 73 2c | 20 43 68 61 70 74 65 72 |ternals,| Chapter|
|00003450| 20 31 31 20 28 61 20 64 | 65 66 69 6e 69 74 65 0d | 11 (a d|efinite.|
|00003460| 0a 62 69 62 6c 65 20 6f | 66 20 54 50 20 70 72 6f |.bible o|f TP pro|
|00003470| 67 72 61 6d 6d 69 6e 67 | 21 29 3b 20 4d 69 63 68 |gramming|!); Mich|
|00003480| 61 65 6c 20 59 65 73 74 | 65 72 2c 20 55 73 69 6e |ael Yest|er, Usin|
|00003490| 67 20 54 75 72 62 6f 20 | 50 61 73 63 61 6c 2c 0d |g Turbo |Pascal,.|
|000034a0| 0a 43 68 61 70 74 65 72 | 20 31 39 3b 20 4b 65 6e |.Chapter| 19; Ken|
|000034b0| 74 20 50 6f 74 74 65 62 | 61 75 6d 2c 20 22 43 72 |t Potteb|aum, "Cr|
|000034c0| 65 61 74 69 6e 67 20 54 | 53 52 20 50 72 6f 67 72 |eating T|SR Progr|
|000034d0| 61 6d 73 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 54 75 72 62 6f 0d 0a |ams with| Turbo..|
|000034e0| 50 61 73 63 61 6c 22 2c | 20 44 72 2e 20 44 6f 62 |Pascal",| Dr. Dob|
|000034f0| 62 27 73 20 4a 6f 75 72 | 6e 61 6c 2c 20 4d 61 79 |b's Jour|nal, May|
|00003500| 20 31 39 38 39 20 61 6e | 64 20 4a 75 6e 65 20 31 | 1989 an|d June 1|
|00003510| 39 38 39 3b 20 4b 72 69 | 73 20 4a 61 6d 73 61 2c |989; Kri|s Jamsa,|
|00003520| 20 44 6f 73 0d 0a 50 6f | 77 65 72 20 55 73 65 72 | Dos..Po|wer User|
|00003530| 27 73 20 47 75 69 64 65 | 2c 20 70 70 2e 20 36 34 |'s Guide|, pp. 64|
|00003540| 39 2d 2e 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |9-...---|--------|
|00003550| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003560| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003570| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003580| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 0d 0a 0d 0a 46 72 6f |--------|-....Fro|
|00003590| 6d 20 74 73 40 75 77 61 | 73 61 2e 66 69 20 57 65 |m ts@uwa|sa.fi We|
|000035a0| 64 20 41 75 67 20 31 38 | 20 30 30 3a 30 30 3a 30 |d Aug 18| 00:00:0|
|000035b0| 36 20 31 39 39 33 0d 0a | 53 75 62 6a 65 63 74 3a |6 1993..|Subject:|
|000035c0| 20 50 72 6f 67 72 61 6d | 6d 69 6e 67 20 63 6f 6d | Program|ming com|
|000035d0| 20 70 6f 72 74 73 0d 0a | 0d 0a 36 2e 20 2a 2a 2a | ports..|..6. ***|
|000035e0| 2a 2a 0d 0a 20 51 3a 20 | 57 68 79 20 63 61 6e 27 |**.. Q: |Why can'|
|000035f0| 74 20 49 20 72 65 61 64 | 20 2f 20 77 72 69 74 65 |t I read| / write|
|00003600| 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6d | 20 70 6f 72 74 73 2e 0d | the com| ports..|
|00003610| 0a 0d 0a 20 41 3a 20 43 | 6f 6d 20 70 6f 72 74 20 |... A: C|om port |
|00003620| 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d | 69 6e 67 20 28 6d 6f 73 |programm|ing (mos|
|00003630| 74 20 6f 66 74 65 6e 20 | 77 72 69 74 69 6e 67 20 |t often |writing |
|00003640| 74 65 6c 65 63 6f 6d 6d | 75 6e 69 63 61 74 69 6f |telecomm|unicatio|
|00003650| 6e 0d 0a 70 72 6f 67 72 | 61 6d 73 29 20 69 73 20 |n..progr|ams) is |
|00003660| 6d 75 63 68 20 6d 75 63 | 68 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 63 |much muc|h more c|
|00003670| 6f 6d 70 6c 69 63 61 74 | 65 64 20 74 68 61 6e 20 |omplicat|ed than |
|00003680| 73 69 6d 70 6c 79 20 74 | 72 79 69 6e 67 20 74 6f |simply t|rying to|
|00003690| 20 75 73 65 0d 0a 20 20 | 77 72 69 74 65 20 28 63 | use..  |write (c|
|000036a0| 6f 6d 2c 20 77 68 61 74 | 65 76 65 72 29 3b 0d 0a |om, what|ever);..|
|000036b0| 20 20 72 65 61 64 20 20 | 28 63 6f 6d 2c 20 77 68 |  read  |(com, wh|
|000036c0| 61 74 65 76 65 72 29 3b | 0d 0a 54 68 69 73 20 69 |atever);|..This i|
|000036d0| 73 20 61 20 76 65 72 79 | 20 61 64 76 61 6e 63 65 |s a very| advance|
|000036e0| 64 20 73 75 62 6a 65 63 | 74 20 28 66 72 61 6e 6b |d subjec|t (frank|
|000036f0| 6c 79 2c 20 62 65 79 6f | 6e 64 20 6d 65 29 2c 20 |ly, beyo|nd me), |
|00003700| 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 | 62 65 73 74 0d 0a 77 61 |and the |best..wa|
|00003710| 79 20 74 6f 20 6c 65 61 | 72 6e 20 69 73 20 74 6f |y to lea|rn is to|
|00003720| 20 74 72 79 20 74 6f 20 | 6f 62 74 61 69 6e 20 73 | try to |obtain s|
|00003730| 6f 6d 65 20 63 6f 64 65 | 20 74 6f 20 73 68 6f 77 |ome code| to show|
|00003740| 20 79 6f 75 20 68 6f 77 | 2e 20 4f 6e 65 0d 0a 70 | you how|. One..p|
|00003750| 6c 61 63 65 20 74 6f 20 | 6c 6f 6f 6b 20 61 74 20 |lace to |look at |
|00003760| 69 73 20 54 75 72 62 6f | 20 50 61 73 63 61 6c 20 |is Turbo| Pascal |
|00003770| 74 65 78 74 2d 62 6f 6f | 6b 73 20 28 49 20 68 61 |text-boo|ks (I ha|
|00003780| 76 65 20 61 20 6c 6f 6e | 67 20 6c 69 73 74 20 6f |ve a lon|g list o|
|00003790| 66 0d 0a 74 68 65 6d 20 | 61 74 20 67 61 72 62 6f |f..them |at garbo|
|000037a0| 2e 75 77 61 73 61 2e 66 | 69 20 61 72 63 68 69 76 |.uwasa.f|i archiv|
|000037b0| 65 73 20 69 6e 20 2f 70 | 63 2f 74 73 2f 74 73 66 |es in /p|c/ts/tsf|
|000037c0| 61 71 70 2a 2e 7a 69 70 | 2e 20 54 68 65 72 65 20 |aqp*.zip|. There |
|000037d0| 61 6c 73 6f 20 69 73 0d | 0a 61 6e 20 65 78 61 6d |also is.|.an exam|
|000037e0| 70 6c 65 20 62 79 20 44 | 61 76 69 64 20 52 69 6e |ple by D|avid Rin|
|000037f0| 64 20 69 6e 20 67 61 72 | 62 6f 2e 75 77 61 73 61 |d in gar|bo.uwasa|
|00003800| 2e 66 69 2f 70 63 2f 70 | 64 32 2f 66 61 71 75 6f |.fi/pc/p|d2/faquo|
|00003810| 74 65 2e 7a 69 70 2e 0d | 0a 41 6e 6f 74 68 65 72 |te.zip..|.Another|
|00003820| 20 73 6f 75 72 63 65 20 | 69 73 20 49 6e 74 65 72 | source |is Inter|
|00003830| 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c | 20 46 69 64 6f 4e 65 74 |national| FidoNet|
|00003840| 20 70 61 73 63 61 6c 20 | 63 6f 6e 66 65 72 65 6e | pascal |conferen|
|00003850| 63 65 20 61 74 20 73 6f | 6d 65 0d 0a 62 75 6c 6c |ce at so|me..bull|
|00003860| 65 74 69 6e 20 62 6f 61 | 72 64 20 6e 65 61 72 20 |etin boa|rd near |
|00003870| 79 6f 75 2e 20 54 68 65 | 20 63 6f 6e 66 65 72 65 |you. The| confere|
|00003880| 6e 63 65 20 68 61 73 20 | 68 61 64 20 73 6f 6d 65 |nce has |had some|
|00003890| 20 76 65 72 79 20 67 6f | 6f 64 0d 0a 64 69 73 63 | very go|od..disc|
|000038a0| 75 73 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 | 69 6e 20 69 74 2e 20 20 |ussions |in it.  |
|000038b0| 28 4e 6f 2c 20 49 20 64 | 6f 6e 27 74 20 68 61 76 |(No, I d|on't hav|
|000038c0| 65 20 74 68 65 6d 20 73 | 74 6f 72 65 64 20 66 6f |e them s|tored fo|
|000038d0| 72 20 64 69 73 74 72 69 | 62 75 74 69 6f 6e 2c 0d |r distri|bution,.|
|000038e0| 0a 6e 6f 72 20 61 6e 79 | 20 66 75 72 74 68 65 72 |.nor any| further|
|000038f0| 20 69 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 2e 29 0d 0a | informa|tion.)..|
|00003900| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003910| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003920| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003930| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003940| 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a 0d 0a | 46 72 6f 6d 20 74 73 40 |----....|From ts@|
|00003950| 75 77 61 73 61 2e 66 69 | 20 57 65 64 20 41 75 67 |uwasa.fi| Wed Aug|
|00003960| 20 31 38 20 30 30 3a 30 | 30 3a 30 37 20 31 39 39 | 18 00:0|0:07 199|
|00003970| 33 0d 0a 53 75 62 6a 65 | 63 74 3a 20 50 72 69 6d |3..Subje|ct: Prim|
|00003980| 65 72 73 20 74 6f 20 69 | 6e 74 65 72 72 75 70 74 |ers to i|nterrupt|
|00003990| 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d | 6d 69 6e 67 0d 0a 0d 0a | program|ming....|
|000039a0| 37 2e 20 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a | 0d 0a 20 51 3a 20 57 68 |7. *****|.. Q: Wh|
|000039b0| 61 74 20 61 72 65 20 69 | 6e 74 65 72 72 75 70 74 |at are i|nterrupt|
|000039c0| 73 20 61 6e 64 20 68 6f | 77 20 74 6f 20 75 73 65 |s and ho|w to use|
|000039d0| 20 74 68 65 6d 20 69 6e | 20 54 75 72 62 6f 20 50 | them in| Turbo P|
|000039e0| 61 73 63 61 6c 3f 0d 0a | 0d 0a 20 41 3a 20 41 6e |ascal?..|.. A: An|
|000039f0| 20 69 6e 74 65 72 72 75 | 70 74 20 69 73 20 61 20 | interru|pt is a |
|00003a00| 73 69 67 6e 61 6c 20 74 | 6f 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 |signal t|o the pr|
|00003a10| 6f 63 65 73 73 6f 72 20 | 66 72 6f 6d 20 61 20 70 |ocessor |from a p|
|00003a20| 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 2c 20 | 61 0d 0a 68 61 72 64 77 |rogram, |a..hardw|
|00003a30| 61 72 65 20 64 65 76 69 | 63 65 2c 20 6f 72 20 74 |are devi|ce, or t|
|00003a40| 68 65 20 70 72 6f 63 65 | 73 73 6f 72 20 69 74 73 |he proce|ssor its|
|00003a50| 65 6c 66 2c 20 74 6f 20 | 73 75 73 70 65 6e 64 20 |elf, to |suspend |
|00003a60| 74 65 6d 70 6f 72 61 72 | 69 6c 79 0d 0a 77 68 61 |temporar|ily..wha|
|00003a70| 74 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 | 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 69 73 |t the pr|ogram is|
|00003a80| 20 64 6f 69 6e 67 2c 20 | 61 6e 64 20 74 6f 20 70 | doing, |and to p|
|00003a90| 65 72 66 6f 72 6d 20 61 | 20 72 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 |erform a| routine|
|00003aa0| 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 73 | 20 73 74 6f 72 65 64 0d | that is| stored.|
|00003ab0| 0a 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 6f 70 65 72 61 74 69 6e |.in the |operatin|
|00003ac0| 67 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d | 2e 20 54 68 65 72 65 20 |g system|. There |
|00003ad0| 61 72 65 20 32 35 36 20 | 73 75 63 68 20 69 6e 74 |are 256 |such int|
|00003ae0| 65 72 72 75 70 74 20 72 | 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 73 2c |errupt r|outines,|
|00003af0| 20 77 69 74 68 0d 0a 6d | 61 6e 79 20 73 75 62 73 | with..m|any subs|
|00003b00| 65 72 76 69 63 65 73 20 | 73 74 6f 72 65 64 20 69 |ervices |stored i|
|00003b10| 6e 20 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 | 20 61 74 20 6c 6f 63 61 |n memory| at loca|
|00003b20| 74 69 6f 6e 73 2c 20 77 | 68 69 63 68 20 61 72 65 |tions, w|hich are|
|00003b30| 20 67 69 76 65 6e 20 69 | 6e 0d 0a 74 68 65 20 73 | given i|n..the s|
|00003b40| 6f 20 63 61 6c 6c 65 64 | 20 69 6e 74 65 72 72 75 |o called| interru|
|00003b50| 70 74 20 74 61 62 6c 65 | 2e 20 54 75 72 62 6f 20 |pt table|. Turbo |
|00003b60| 50 61 73 63 61 6c 20 28 | 73 6f 6d 65 77 68 61 74 |Pascal (|somewhat|
|00003b70| 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 43 29 | 20 68 61 73 20 61 0d 0a | like C)| has a..|
|00003b80| 73 70 65 63 69 61 6c 20 | 6b 65 79 77 6f 72 64 20 |special |keyword |
|00003b90| 49 6e 74 72 2c 20 61 6e | 64 20 61 20 70 72 65 64 |Intr, an|d a pred|
|00003ba0| 65 66 69 6e 65 64 20 76 | 61 72 69 61 62 6c 65 20 |efined v|ariable |
|00003bb0| 72 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 | 73 20 28 69 6e 20 74 68 |register|s (in th|
|00003bc0| 65 0d 0a 44 6f 73 20 75 | 6e 69 74 29 20 74 6f 20 |e..Dos u|nit) to |
|00003bd0| 61 63 63 65 73 73 20 74 | 68 65 73 65 20 69 6e 74 |access t|hese int|
|00003be0| 65 72 72 75 70 74 20 72 | 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 73 2e |errupt r|outines.|
|00003bf0| 20 4f 6e 65 20 77 61 79 | 20 6f 66 20 6c 6f 6f 6b | One way| of look|
|00003c00| 69 6e 67 20 61 74 0d 0a | 74 68 65 6d 20 69 73 20 |ing at..|them is |
|00003c10| 61 73 20 54 75 72 62 6f | 20 50 61 73 63 61 6c 20 |as Turbo| Pascal |
|00003c20| 28 63 6f 6d 70 6c 69 63 | 61 74 65 64 20 6c 6f 77 |(complic|ated low|
|00003c30| 6c 65 76 65 6c 29 20 73 | 75 62 72 6f 75 74 69 6e |level) s|ubroutin|
|00003c40| 65 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 | 61 72 65 0d 0a 61 6c 72 |es that |are..alr|
|00003c50| 65 61 64 79 20 74 68 65 | 72 65 20 72 65 61 64 79 |eady the|re ready|
|00003c60| 20 66 6f 72 20 79 6f 75 | 20 74 6f 20 63 61 6c 6c | for you| to call|
|00003c70| 2e 0d 0a 20 20 20 41 20 | 64 65 74 61 69 6c 65 64 |...   A |detailed|
|00003c80| 20 64 65 73 63 72 69 70 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 | descrip|tion of |
|00003c90| 69 6e 74 65 72 72 75 70 | 74 20 72 6f 75 74 69 6e |interrup|t routin|
|00003ca0| 65 73 20 69 73 20 77 61 | 79 20 62 65 79 6f 6e 64 |es is wa|y beyond|
|00003cb0| 20 61 0d 0a 73 69 6e 67 | 6c 65 20 6d 65 73 73 61 | a..sing|le messa|
|00003cc0| 67 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 6c 69 6d 69 74 65 64 20 |ge with |limited |
|00003cd0| 73 70 61 63 65 2e 20 49 | 6e 73 74 65 61 64 2c 20 |space. I|nstead, |
|00003ce0| 49 20 73 68 61 6c 6c 20 | 67 69 76 65 20 61 20 73 |I shall |give a s|
|00003cf0| 69 6d 70 6c 65 0d 0a 65 | 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c 20 |imple..e|xample, |
|00003d00| 61 6e 64 20 67 6f 6f 64 | 20 72 65 66 65 72 65 6e |and good| referen|
|00003d10| 63 65 73 20 74 6f 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 75 62 6a 65 |ces to t|he subje|
|00003d20| 63 74 2e 20 28 46 6f 72 | 20 61 20 73 6f 6d 65 77 |ct. (For| a somew|
|00003d30| 68 61 74 20 6d 6f 72 65 | 0d 0a 63 6f 6d 70 72 65 |hat more|..compre|
|00003d40| 68 65 6e 73 69 76 65 20 | 64 65 73 63 72 69 70 74 |hensive |descript|
|00003d50| 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 77 | 68 61 74 20 61 6e 20 69 |ion of w|hat an i|
|00003d60| 6e 74 65 72 72 75 70 74 | 20 69 73 2c 20 73 65 65 |nterrupt| is, see|
|00003d70| 20 49 4e 54 45 52 52 55 | 50 2e 50 52 49 0d 0a 69 | INTERRU|P.PRI..i|
|00003d80| 6e 20 52 61 6c 66 20 42 | 72 6f 77 6e 27 73 20 67 |n Ralf B|rown's g|
|00003d90| 61 72 62 6f 2e 75 77 61 | 73 61 2e 66 69 3a 2f 70 |arbo.uwa|sa.fi:/p|
|00003da0| 63 2f 70 72 6f 67 72 61 | 6d 6d 69 6e 67 2f 69 6e |c/progra|mming/in|
|00003db0| 74 65 72 33 35 62 2e 7a | 69 70 2e 29 0d 0a 20 20 |ter35b.z|ip.)..  |
|00003dc0| 20 20 20 3a 0d 0a 20 20 | 20 20 20 75 73 65 73 20 |   :..  |   uses |
|00003dd0| 44 6f 73 3b 0d 0a 20 20 | 20 20 20 28 2a 20 54 68 |Dos;..  |   (* Th|
|00003de0| 69 73 20 70 72 6f 63 65 | 64 75 72 65 20 74 75 72 |is proce|dure tur|
|00003df0| 6e 73 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 62 6f 72 64 65 72 |ns on th|e border|
|00003e00| 20 63 6f 6c 6f 72 20 66 | 6f 72 20 43 47 41 20 61 | color f|or CGA a|
|00003e10| 6e 64 20 56 47 41 20 2a | 29 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 |nd VGA *|)..     |
|00003e20| 70 72 6f 63 65 64 75 72 | 65 20 42 4f 52 44 45 52 |procedur|e BORDER|
|00003e30| 20 28 63 6f 6c 6f 72 20 | 3a 20 62 79 74 65 29 3b | (color |: byte);|
|00003e40| 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 76 | 61 72 20 72 65 67 73 20 |..     v|ar regs |
|00003e50| 3a 20 72 65 67 69 73 74 | 65 72 73 3b 20 20 28 2a |: regist|ers;  (*|
|00003e60| 20 50 72 65 64 65 63 6c | 61 72 65 64 20 69 6e 20 | Predecl|ared in |
|00003e70| 74 68 65 20 44 6f 73 20 | 75 6e 69 74 20 2a 29 0d |the Dos |unit *).|
|00003e80| 0a 20 20 20 20 20 62 65 | 67 69 6e 0d 0a 20 20 20 |.     be|gin..   |
|00003e90| 20 20 20 20 46 69 6c 6c | 43 68 61 72 20 28 72 65 |    Fill|Char (re|
|00003ea0| 67 73 2c 20 53 69 7a 65 | 4f 66 28 72 65 67 73 29 |gs, Size|Of(regs)|
|00003eb0| 2c 20 30 29 3b 20 20 28 | 2a 20 41 20 70 72 65 63 |, 0);  (|* A prec|
|00003ec0| 61 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 2a | 29 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 |aution *|)..     |
|00003ed0| 20 20 72 65 67 73 2e 61 | 78 20 3a 3d 20 24 30 42 |  regs.a|x := $0B|
|00003ee0| 30 30 3b 20 20 20 20 28 | 2a 20 53 65 72 76 69 63 |00;    (|* Servic|
|00003ef0| 65 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 | 20 2a 29 0d 0a 20 20 20 |e number| *)..   |
|00003f00| 20 20 20 20 72 65 67 73 | 2e 62 68 20 3a 3d 20 24 |    regs|.bh := $|
|00003f10| 30 30 3b 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 28 2a 20 53 75 62 73 |00;     | (* Subs|
|00003f20| 65 72 76 69 63 65 20 6e | 75 6d 62 65 72 20 2a 29 |ervice n|umber *)|
|00003f30| 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 72 65 67 73 2e 62 6c |..      | regs.bl|
|00003f40| 20 3a 3d 20 63 6f 6c 6f | 72 3b 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 | := colo|r;..    |
|00003f50| 20 20 20 49 6e 74 72 20 | 28 24 31 30 2c 20 72 65 |   Intr |($10, re|
|00003f60| 67 73 29 3b 20 20 20 20 | 28 2a 20 52 4f 4d 20 42 |gs);    |(* ROM B|
|00003f70| 49 4f 53 20 76 69 64 65 | 6f 20 64 72 69 76 65 72 |IOS vide|o driver|
|00003f80| 20 69 6e 74 65 72 72 75 | 70 74 20 2a 29 0d 0a 20 | interru|pt *).. |
|00003f90| 20 20 20 20 65 6e 64 3b | 20 20 28 2a 20 62 6f 72 |    end;|  (* bor|
|00003fa0| 64 65 72 20 2a 29 0d 0a | 20 20 20 49 66 20 79 6f |der *)..|   If yo|
|00003fb0| 75 20 61 72 65 20 6e 65 | 77 20 74 68 65 20 73 75 |u are ne|w the su|
|00003fc0| 62 6a 65 63 74 20 61 6e | 64 20 2f 20 6f 72 20 77 |bject an|d / or w|
|00003fd0| 61 6e 74 20 69 64 65 61 | 73 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 |ant idea|s on the|
|00003fe0| 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 75 73 | 65 66 75 6c 0d 0a 69 6e | most us|eful..in|
|00003ff0| 74 65 72 72 75 70 74 73 | 20 69 6e 20 54 75 72 62 |terrupts| in Turb|
|00004000| 6f 20 50 61 73 63 61 6c | 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d |o Pascal| program|
|00004010| 6d 69 6e 67 2c 20 42 65 | 6e 20 45 7a 7a 65 6c 20 |ming, Be|n Ezzel |
|00004020| 28 31 39 38 39 29 2c 0d | 0a 50 72 6f 67 72 61 6d |(1989),.|.Program|
|00004030| 6d 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 | 20 49 42 4d 20 55 73 65 |ming the| IBM Use|
|00004040| 72 20 49 6e 74 65 72 66 | 61 63 65 20 55 73 69 6e |r Interf|ace Usin|
|00004050| 67 20 54 75 72 62 6f 20 | 50 61 73 63 61 6c 2c 20 |g Turbo |Pascal, |
|00004060| 69 73 20 64 65 66 69 6e | 69 74 65 6c 79 0d 0a 74 |is defin|itely..t|
|00004070| 68 65 20 62 65 73 74 20 | 72 65 66 65 72 65 6e 63 |he best |referenc|
|00004080| 65 20 74 6f 20 6c 6f 6f | 6b 20 61 74 2e 20 54 68 |e to loo|k at. Th|
|00004090| 65 72 65 20 61 72 65 20 | 61 6c 73 6f 20 6d 61 6e |ere are |also man|
|000040a0| 79 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 | 67 6f 6f 64 0d 0a 72 65 |y other |good..re|
|000040b0| 66 65 72 65 6e 63 65 73 | 20 66 6f 72 20 61 20 6e |ferences| for a n|
|000040c0| 6f 76 69 63 65 20 69 6e | 74 65 72 72 75 70 74 20 |ovice in|terrupt |
|000040d0| 75 73 65 72 2c 20 73 75 | 63 68 20 61 73 20 4a 61 |user, su|ch as Ja|
|000040e0| 6d 73 61 20 26 20 4e 61 | 6d 65 72 6f 66 66 2c 0d |msa & Na|meroff,.|
|000040f0| 0a 54 75 72 62 6f 20 50 | 61 73 63 61 6c 20 50 72 |.Turbo P|ascal Pr|
|00004100| 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 65 72 | 27 73 20 4c 69 62 72 61 |ogrammer|'s Libra|
|00004110| 72 79 2e 0d 0a 20 20 20 | 49 66 20 79 6f 75 20 61 |ry...   |If you a|
|00004120| 72 65 20 61 20 6d 6f 72 | 65 20 61 64 76 61 6e 63 |re a mor|e advanc|
|00004130| 65 64 20 69 6e 74 65 72 | 72 75 70 74 20 75 73 65 |ed inter|rupt use|
|00004140| 72 20 79 6f 75 27 6c 6c | 20 66 69 6e 64 20 74 68 |r you'll| find th|
|00004150| 65 0d 0a 66 6f 6c 6c 6f | 77 69 6e 67 20 72 65 66 |e..follo|wing ref|
|00004160| 65 72 65 6e 63 65 73 20 | 76 65 72 79 20 75 73 65 |erences |very use|
|00004170| 66 75 6c 2e 20 4d 69 63 | 68 61 65 6c 20 54 69 73 |ful. Mic|hael Tis|
|00004180| 63 68 65 72 20 28 31 39 | 39 30 29 2c 20 54 75 72 |cher (19|90), Tur|
|00004190| 62 6f 0d 0a 50 61 73 63 | 61 6c 20 49 6e 74 65 72 |bo..Pasc|al Inter|
|000041a0| 6e 61 6c 73 3b 20 4e 6f | 72 74 6f 6e 20 26 20 57 |nals; No|rton & W|
|000041b0| 69 6c 74 6f 6e 20 28 31 | 39 38 38 29 2c 20 54 68 |ilton (1|988), Th|
|000041c0| 65 20 4e 65 77 20 50 65 | 74 65 72 20 4e 6f 72 74 |e New Pe|ter Nort|
|000041d0| 6f 6e 0d 0a 50 72 6f 67 | 72 61 6d 6d 65 72 27 73 |on..Prog|rammer's|
|000041e0| 20 67 75 69 64 65 20 74 | 6f 20 74 68 65 20 49 42 | guide t|o the IB|
|000041f0| 4d 20 50 43 20 26 20 50 | 53 2f 32 3b 20 52 61 79 |M PC & P|S/2; Ray|
|00004200| 20 44 75 6e 63 61 6e 20 | 28 31 39 38 38 29 2c 20 | Duncan |(1988), |
|00004210| 41 64 76 61 6e 63 65 64 | 0d 0a 4d 53 2d 44 4f 53 |Advanced|..MS-DOS|
|00004220| 20 50 72 6f 67 72 61 6d | 6d 69 6e 67 3b 20 54 65 | Program|ming; Te|
|00004230| 72 72 79 20 44 65 74 74 | 6d 61 6e 6e 20 28 31 39 |rry Dett|mann (19|
|00004240| 38 39 29 2c 20 44 6f 73 | 20 50 72 6f 67 72 61 6d |89), Dos| Program|
|00004250| 6d 65 72 27 73 0d 0a 52 | 65 66 65 72 65 6e 63 65 |mer's..R|eference|
|00004260| 2c 20 53 65 63 6f 6e 64 | 20 65 64 69 74 69 6f 6e |, Second| edition|
|00004270| 2c 20 51 75 65 2e 20 46 | 75 72 74 68 65 72 6d 6f |, Que. F|urthermo|
|00004280| 72 65 2c 20 74 68 65 72 | 65 20 69 73 20 61 6e 20 |re, ther|e is an |
|00004290| 69 6d 70 72 65 73 73 69 | 76 65 0d 0a 6c 69 73 74 |impressi|ve..list|
|000042a0| 20 6f 66 20 69 6e 74 65 | 72 72 75 70 74 73 20 63 | of inte|rrupts c|
|000042b0| 6f 6c 6c 65 63 74 65 64 | 20 61 6e 64 20 6d 61 69 |ollected| and mai|
|000042c0| 6e 74 61 69 6e 65 64 20 | 62 79 20 52 61 6c 66 20 |ntained |by Ralf |
|000042d0| 42 72 6f 77 6e 2e 20 48 | 69 73 0d 0a 65 78 74 65 |Brown. H|is..exte|
|000042e0| 6e 73 69 76 65 20 2f 70 | 63 2f 70 72 6f 67 72 61 |nsive /p|c/progra|
|000042f0| 6d 6d 69 6e 67 2f 69 6e | 74 65 72 33 35 61 2e 7a |mming/in|ter35a.z|
|00004300| 69 70 2c 20 69 6e 74 65 | 72 33 35 62 2e 7a 69 70 |ip, inte|r35b.zip|
|00004310| 20 61 6e 64 0d 0a 69 6e | 74 65 72 33 35 63 2e 7a | and..in|ter35c.z|
|00004320| 69 70 20 28 6f 72 20 77 | 68 61 74 65 76 65 72 20 |ip (or w|hatever |
|00004330| 61 72 65 20 74 68 65 20 | 63 75 72 72 65 6e 74 20 |are the |current |
|00004340| 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 73 | 20 77 68 65 6e 20 79 6f |versions| when yo|
|00004350| 75 20 72 65 61 64 0d 0a | 74 68 69 73 29 20 69 73 |u read..|this) is|
|00004360| 20 61 76 61 69 6c 61 62 | 6c 65 20 62 79 20 61 6e | availab|le by an|
|00004370| 6f 6e 79 6d 6f 75 73 20 | 46 54 50 20 6f 72 20 6d |onymous |FTP or m|
|00004380| 61 69 6c 20 73 65 72 76 | 65 72 20 66 72 6f 6d 0d |ail serv|er from.|
|00004390| 0a 67 61 72 62 6f 2e 75 | 77 61 73 61 2e 66 69 2e |.garbo.u|wasa.fi.|
|000043a0| 20 41 20 64 65 66 69 6e | 69 74 65 20 6d 75 73 74 | A defin|ite must|
|000043b0| 20 66 6f 72 20 61 6e 20 | 61 64 76 61 6e 63 65 64 | for an |advanced|
|000043c0| 20 75 73 65 72 2e 20 41 | 6c 73 6f 20 73 65 65 20 | user. A|lso see |
|000043d0| 74 68 65 0d 0a 72 65 66 | 65 72 65 6e 63 65 20 74 |the..ref|erence t|
|000043e0| 6f 20 42 72 6f 77 6e 27 | 73 20 61 6e 64 20 4b 79 |o Brown'|s and Ky|
|000043f0| 6c 65 27 73 20 62 6f 6f | 6b 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 |le's boo|k in the|
|00004400| 20 62 69 62 6c 69 6f 67 | 72 61 70 68 79 20 61 74 | bibliog|raphy at|
|00004410| 20 74 68 65 20 65 6e 64 | 0d 0a 6f 66 20 74 68 69 | the end|..of thi|
|00004420| 73 20 46 41 51 2e 20 41 | 6e 6f 74 68 65 72 20 75 |s FAQ. A|nother u|
|00004430| 73 65 66 75 6c 20 28 62 | 75 74 20 69 6e 20 6d 61 |seful (b|ut in ma|
|00004440| 6e 79 20 72 65 73 70 65 | 63 74 73 20 61 20 72 65 |ny respe|cts a re|
|00004450| 70 6c 69 63 61 74 65 29 | 20 6c 69 73 74 0d 0a 69 |plicate)| list..i|
|00004460| 73 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 | 6e 65 64 20 69 6e 20 74 |s contai|ned in t|
|00004470| 68 65 20 66 69 6c 65 20 | 2f 70 63 2f 70 72 6f 67 |he file |/pc/prog|
|00004480| 72 61 6d 6d 69 6e 67 2f | 64 6f 73 72 65 66 32 32 |ramming/|dosref22|
|00004490| 2e 7a 69 70 20 28 6f 72 | 2c 20 73 69 67 68 2c 0d |.zip (or|, sigh,.|
|000044a0| 0a 77 68 61 74 65 76 65 | 72 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 |.whateve|r is the|
|000044b0| 20 63 75 72 72 65 6e 74 | 20 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e | current| version|
|000044c0| 29 2e 20 54 68 65 72 65 | 20 69 73 20 61 6c 73 6f |). There| is also|
|000044d0| 20 61 20 67 6f 6f 64 20 | 68 79 70 65 72 74 65 78 | a good |hypertex|
|000044e0| 74 0d 0a 61 64 76 61 6e | 63 65 64 20 70 72 6f 67 |t..advan|ced prog|
|000044f0| 72 61 6d 6d 65 72 27 73 | 20 71 75 69 63 6b 20 72 |rammer's| quick r|
|00004500| 65 66 65 72 65 6e 63 65 | 20 2f 70 63 2f 70 72 6f |eference| /pc/pro|
|00004510| 67 72 61 6d 6d 69 6e 67 | 2f 68 65 6c 70 70 63 32 |gramming|/helppc2|
|00004520| 31 2e 7a 69 70 0d 0a 77 | 68 69 63 68 20 79 6f 75 |1.zip..w|hich you|
|00004530| 20 6d 69 67 68 74 20 66 | 69 6e 64 20 75 73 65 66 | might f|ind usef|
|00004540| 75 6c 2e 0d 0a 20 20 20 | 4f 6e 65 20 6d 6f 72 65 |ul...   |One more|
|00004550| 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 20 66 | 6f 72 20 54 75 72 62 6f | point f|or Turbo|
|00004560| 20 50 61 73 63 61 6c 20 | 75 73 65 72 73 2e 20 57 | Pascal |users. W|
|00004570| 68 65 6e 20 42 6f 72 6c | 61 6e 64 20 75 70 67 72 |hen Borl|and upgr|
|00004580| 61 64 65 64 20 66 72 6f | 6d 0d 0a 76 65 72 73 69 |aded fro|m..versi|
|00004590| 6f 6e 20 33 20 74 6f 20 | 34 2e 30 20 71 75 69 74 |on 3 to |4.0 quit|
|000045a0| 65 20 61 20 6e 75 6d 62 | 65 72 20 6f 66 20 74 61 |e a numb|er of ta|
|000045b0| 73 6b 73 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 6e 65 65 64 65 64 20 |sks that| needed |
|000045c0| 74 6f 20 62 65 20 64 6f | 6e 65 0d 0a 75 73 69 6e |to be do|ne..usin|
|000045d0| 67 20 69 6e 74 65 72 72 | 75 70 74 73 20 28 73 75 |g interr|upts (su|
|000045e0| 63 68 20 61 73 20 67 65 | 74 74 69 6e 67 20 74 68 |ch as ge|tting th|
|000045f0| 65 20 63 75 72 72 65 6e | 74 20 74 69 6d 65 29 20 |e curren|t time) |
|00004600| 77 65 72 65 20 69 6e 63 | 6c 75 64 65 64 20 61 73 |were inc|luded as|
|00004610| 0d 0a 6e 6f 72 6d 61 6c | 20 54 50 20 72 6f 75 74 |..normal| TP rout|
|00004620| 69 6e 65 73 2e 20 54 68 | 69 73 20 6d 65 61 6e 73 |ines. Th|is means|
|00004630| 20 74 68 61 74 20 77 68 | 69 6c 65 20 64 65 66 69 | that wh|ile defi|
|00004640| 6e 69 74 65 6c 79 20 75 | 73 65 66 75 6c 2c 0d 0a |nitely u|seful,..|
|00004650| 69 6e 74 65 72 72 75 70 | 74 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 |interrup|t progra|
|00004660| 6d 6d 69 6e 67 20 69 73 | 20 6e 6f 77 20 72 65 6c |mming is| now rel|
|00004670| 65 76 61 6e 74 20 6f 6e | 6c 79 20 69 6e 20 61 64 |evant on|ly in ad|
|00004680| 76 61 6e 63 65 64 20 54 | 75 72 62 6f 20 50 61 73 |vanced T|urbo Pas|
|00004690| 63 61 6c 0d 0a 70 72 6f | 67 72 61 6d 6d 69 6e 67 |cal..pro|gramming|
|000046a0| 2e 20 54 75 72 62 6f 20 | 50 61 73 63 61 6c 20 35 |. Turbo |Pascal 5|
|000046b0| 2e 30 20 69 6e 74 72 6f | 64 75 63 65 64 20 61 20 |.0 intro|duced a |
|000046c0| 66 65 77 20 6d 6f 72 65 | 2c 20 62 75 74 20 79 6f |few more|, but yo|
|000046d0| 75 20 63 61 6e 0d 0a 66 | 69 6e 64 20 73 6f 6d 65 |u can..f|ind some|
|000046e0| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 6d 69 73 73 69 6e 67 20 | of the |missing |
|000046f0| 54 50 20 34 2e 30 20 72 | 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 73 20 |TP 4.0 r|outines |
|00004700| 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 63 | 6f 6d 70 61 74 69 62 69 |in the c|ompatibi|
|00004710| 6c 69 74 79 20 75 6e 69 | 74 0d 0a 69 6e 20 6d 79 |lity uni|t..in my|
|00004720| 20 67 61 72 62 6f 2e 75 | 77 61 73 61 2e 66 69 3a | garbo.u|wasa.fi:|
|00004730| 2f 70 63 2f 74 73 2f 74 | 73 70 61 33 33 34 30 2e |/pc/ts/t|spa3340.|
|00004740| 7a 69 70 20 54 50 20 75 | 6e 69 74 73 20 63 6f 6c |zip TP u|nits col|
|00004750| 6c 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 2e | 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |lection.|..------|
|00004760| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004770| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004780| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004790| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a |--------|------..|
|000047a0| 0d 0a 46 72 6f 6d 20 74 | 73 40 75 77 61 73 61 2e |..From t|s@uwasa.|
|000047b0| 66 69 20 57 65 64 20 41 | 75 67 20 31 38 20 30 30 |fi Wed A|ug 18 00|
|000047c0| 3a 30 30 3a 30 38 20 31 | 39 39 33 0d 0a 53 75 62 |:00:08 1|993..Sub|
|000047d0| 6a 65 63 74 3a 20 42 6f | 72 6c 61 6e 64 27 73 20 |ject: Bo|rland's |
|000047e0| 54 75 72 62 6f 20 50 61 | 73 63 61 6c 20 75 70 67 |Turbo Pa|scal upg|
|000047f0| 72 61 64 65 73 0d 0a 0d | 0a 38 2e 20 2a 2a 2a 2a |rades...|.8. ****|
|00004800| 2a 0d 0a 20 51 3a 20 53 | 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 49 20 |*.. Q: S|hould I |
|00004810| 75 70 67 72 61 64 65 20 | 6d 79 20 54 75 72 62 6f |upgrade |my Turbo|
|00004820| 20 50 61 73 63 61 6c 20 | 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 3f | Pascal |version?|
|00004830| 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 41 31 3a | 20 44 65 70 65 6e 64 73 |.... A1:| Depends|
|00004840| 20 6f 6e 20 77 68 61 74 | 20 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e | on what| version|
|00004850| 20 79 6f 75 20 61 72 65 | 20 75 73 69 6e 67 2c 20 | you are| using, |
|00004860| 61 6e 64 20 66 6f 72 20 | 77 68 61 74 20 70 75 72 |and for |what pur|
|00004870| 70 6f 73 65 73 2e 0d 0a | 49 66 20 79 6f 75 20 61 |poses...|If you a|
|00004880| 72 65 20 75 73 69 6e 67 | 20 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e |re using| version|
|00004890| 20 33 2c 20 74 68 65 20 | 61 6e 73 77 65 72 20 69 | 3, the |answer i|
|000048a0| 73 20 61 20 64 65 66 69 | 6e 69 74 65 20 79 65 73 |s a defi|nite yes|
|000048b0| 2e 20 54 68 65 72 65 20 | 61 72 65 0d 0a 73 6f 20 |. There |are..so |
|000048c0| 6d 61 6e 79 20 75 73 65 | 66 75 6c 20 61 64 64 69 |many use|ful addi|
|000048d0| 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 69 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 6c 61 74 |tions in| the lat|
|000048e0| 65 72 20 76 65 72 73 69 | 6f 6e 2c 20 69 6e 63 6c |er versi|on, incl|
|000048f0| 75 64 69 6e 67 20 74 68 | 65 20 63 6f 6e 63 65 70 |uding th|e concep|
|00004900| 74 0d 0a 6f 66 20 75 6e | 69 74 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 |t..of un|its, and|
|00004910| 20 61 20 67 72 65 61 74 | 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 | a great| number |
|00004920| 6f 66 20 6e 65 77 20 75 | 73 65 66 75 6c 20 6b 65 |of new u|seful ke|
|00004930| 79 77 6f 72 64 73 2e 20 | 54 68 65 20 6f 6e 6c 79 |ywords. |The only|
|00004940| 20 72 65 61 73 6f 6e 0d | 0a 74 68 61 74 20 49 20 | reason.|.that I |
|00004950| 63 61 6e 20 74 68 69 6e | 6b 20 6f 66 20 66 6f 72 |can thin|k of for|
|00004960| 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 54 | 50 20 33 20 69 73 20 74 | using T|P 3 is t|
|00004970| 68 61 74 20 69 74 20 6d | 61 6b 65 73 20 2e 63 6f |hat it m|akes .co|
|00004980| 6d 20 66 69 6c 65 73 0d | 0a 28 77 68 69 63 68 20 |m files.|.(which |
|00004990| 72 65 73 69 64 65 20 69 | 6e 20 6f 6e 65 20 6d 65 |reside i|n one me|
|000049a0| 6d 6f 72 79 20 73 65 67 | 6d 65 6e 74 20 6f 6e 6c |mory seg|ment onl|
|000049b0| 79 29 20 69 6e 73 74 65 | 61 64 20 6f 66 20 2e 65 |y) inste|ad of .e|
|000049c0| 78 65 20 66 69 6c 65 73 | 2e 20 41 73 0d 0a 61 6e |xe files|. As..an|
|000049d0| 20 61 63 63 6f 75 6e 74 | 69 6e 67 20 61 6e 64 20 | account|ing and |
|000049e0| 62 75 73 69 6e 65 73 73 | 20 66 69 6e 61 6e 63 65 |business| finance|
|000049f0| 20 74 65 61 63 68 65 72 | 20 61 6e 64 20 72 65 73 | teacher| and res|
|00004a00| 65 61 72 63 68 65 72 20 | 49 27 76 65 20 62 65 65 |earcher |I've bee|
|00004a10| 6e 0d 0a 73 6f 6d 65 77 | 68 61 74 20 73 75 72 70 |n..somew|hat surp|
|00004a20| 72 69 73 65 64 20 74 6f | 20 73 65 65 20 70 6f 73 |rised to| see pos|
|00004a30| 74 69 6e 67 73 20 73 74 | 61 74 69 6e 67 20 74 68 |tings st|ating th|
|00004a40| 61 74 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 | 75 73 65 72 73 20 73 74 |at some |users st|
|00004a50| 69 6c 6c 0d 0a 68 61 76 | 65 20 74 6f 20 70 72 6f |ill..hav|e to pro|
|00004a60| 67 72 61 6d 20 69 6e 20 | 54 50 20 33 2e 30 20 62 |gram in |TP 3.0 b|
|00004a70| 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 74 | 68 65 69 72 20 65 6d 70 |ecause t|heir emp|
|00004a80| 6c 6f 79 65 72 20 64 6f | 65 73 6e 27 74 20 77 61 |loyer do|esn't wa|
|00004a90| 6e 74 20 74 6f 0d 0a 74 | 61 6b 65 20 74 68 65 20 |nt to..t|ake the |
|00004aa0| 63 6f 73 74 20 6f 66 20 | 75 70 67 72 61 64 69 6e |cost of |upgradin|
|00004ab0| 67 2e 20 49 20 66 69 6e | 64 20 74 68 69 73 20 63 |g. I fin|d this c|
|00004ac0| 6f 73 74 20 61 72 67 75 | 6d 65 6e 74 20 72 69 64 |ost argu|ment rid|
|00004ad0| 69 63 75 6c 6f 75 73 2e | 0d 0a 48 6f 77 20 61 62 |iculous.|..How ab|
|00004ae0| 6f 75 74 20 73 6f 6d 65 | 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 64 65 |out some| conside|
|00004af0| 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 66 | 6f 72 20 63 6f 73 74 20 |ration f|or cost |
|00004b00| 65 66 66 65 63 74 69 76 | 65 6e 65 73 73 20 61 6e |effectiv|eness an|
|00004b10| 64 0d 0a 70 72 6f 64 75 | 63 74 69 76 69 74 79 3f |d..produ|ctivity?|
|00004b20| 0d 0a 20 20 20 49 66 20 | 79 6f 75 20 61 72 65 20 |..   If |you are |
|00004b30| 63 75 72 72 65 6e 74 6c | 79 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 |currentl|y using |
|00004b40| 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 | 34 2e 30 2c 20 74 68 65 |version |4.0, the|
|00004b50| 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 69 6d | 70 6f 72 74 61 6e 74 20 | most im|portant |
|00004b60| 70 6f 69 6e 74 0d 0a 69 | 6e 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 64 |point..i|n consid|
|00004b70| 65 72 69 6e 67 20 75 70 | 67 72 61 64 69 6e 67 20 |ering up|grading |
|00004b80| 69 73 20 74 68 65 20 69 | 6e 74 65 67 72 61 74 65 |is the i|ntegrate|
|00004b90| 64 20 64 65 62 75 67 67 | 65 72 20 69 6e 20 74 68 |d debugg|er in th|
|00004ba0| 65 20 6c 61 74 65 72 0d | 0a 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e |e later.|.version|
|00004bb0| 73 2e 20 49 74 20 69 73 | 20 72 65 61 6c 6c 79 20 |s. It is| really |
|00004bc0| 67 6f 6f 64 2c 20 61 6e | 64 20 75 73 65 66 75 6c |good, an|d useful|
|00004bd0| 20 69 66 20 79 6f 75 20 | 77 72 69 74 65 20 6d 75 | if you |write mu|
|00004be0| 63 68 20 63 6f 64 65 2e | 0d 0a 54 68 65 72 65 20 |ch code.|..There |
|00004bf0| 61 72 65 20 73 6f 6d 65 | 20 6d 69 6e 6f 72 20 63 |are some| minor c|
|00004c00| 6f 6e 73 69 64 65 72 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 73 2c 20 61 |onsidera|tions, a|
|00004c10| 73 20 77 65 6c 6c 2e 20 | 4c 61 74 65 72 20 76 65 |s well. |Later ve|
|00004c20| 72 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 63 | 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e 0d 0a |rsions c|ontain..|
|00004c30| 73 6f 6d 65 20 75 73 65 | 66 75 6c 20 72 6f 75 74 |some use|ful rout|
|00004c40| 69 6e 65 73 20 77 68 69 | 63 68 20 34 2e 30 20 64 |ines whi|ch 4.0 d|
|00004c50| 6f 65 73 20 6e 6f 74 2e | 20 49 20 68 61 76 65 20 |oes not.| I have |
|00004c60| 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d | 65 64 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 |programm|ed many |
|00004c70| 6f 66 0d 0a 74 68 65 6d | 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 61 |of..them| to be a|
|00004c80| 76 61 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 | 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 66 6f |vailable| also fo|
|00004c90| 72 20 34 2e 30 20 69 6e | 20 6d 79 20 2f 70 63 2f |r 4.0 in| my /pc/|
|00004ca0| 74 73 2f 74 73 70 61 33 | 33 34 30 2e 7a 69 70 20 |ts/tspa3|340.zip |
|00004cb0| 54 4f 20 75 6e 69 74 73 | 0d 0a 63 6f 6c 6c 65 63 |TO units|..collec|
|00004cc0| 74 69 6f 6e 20 28 6f 72 | 20 77 68 61 74 65 76 65 |tion (or| whateve|
|00004cd0| 72 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 | 20 6c 61 74 65 73 74 20 |r is the| latest |
|00004ce0| 77 68 65 6e 20 79 6f 75 | 20 72 65 61 64 20 74 68 |when you| read th|
|00004cf0| 69 73 29 2e 0d 0a 46 75 | 72 74 68 65 72 6d 6f 72 |is)...Fu|rthermor|
|00004d00| 65 2c 20 49 20 66 69 6e | 64 20 73 6f 6d 65 77 68 |e, I fin|d somewh|
|00004d10| 61 74 20 61 6e 6e 6f 79 | 69 6e 67 20 74 68 61 74 |at annoy|ing that|
|00004d20| 20 74 68 65 20 65 78 65 | 63 75 74 61 62 6c 65 73 | the exe|cutables|
|00004d30| 20 77 69 6c 6c 0d 0a 61 | 6c 77 61 79 73 20 65 6e | will..a|lways en|
|00004d40| 64 20 75 70 20 69 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 64 65 66 61 |d up in |the defa|
|00004d50| 75 6c 74 20 64 69 72 65 | 63 74 6f 72 79 2e 0d 0a |ult dire|ctory...|
|00004d60| 20 20 20 49 66 20 79 6f | 75 20 61 72 65 20 63 75 |   If yo|u are cu|
|00004d70| 72 72 65 6e 74 6c 79 20 | 75 73 69 6e 67 20 76 65 |rrently |using ve|
|00004d80| 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 35 2e | 30 20 74 68 65 20 72 61 |rsion 5.|0 the ra|
|00004d90| 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 72 | 65 61 73 6f 6e 73 20 66 |tional r|easons f|
|00004da0| 6f 72 0d 0a 75 70 67 72 | 61 64 69 6e 67 20 61 72 |or..upgr|ading ar|
|00004db0| 65 20 6e 65 65 64 69 6e | 67 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 |e needin|g object|
|00004dc0| 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 61 | 20 62 65 74 74 65 72 20 |s, and a| better |
|00004dd0| 6f 76 65 72 6c 61 79 20 | 6d 61 6e 61 67 65 72 2e |overlay |manager.|
|00004de0| 20 49 20 68 61 76 65 0d | 0a 61 6c 73 6f 20 76 65 | I have.|.also ve|
|00004df0| 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 35 2e | 35 20 6d 79 73 65 6c 66 |rsion 5.|5 myself|
|00004e00| 2c 20 62 75 74 20 73 77 | 69 74 63 68 65 64 20 62 |, but sw|itched b|
|00004e10| 61 63 6b 20 74 6f 20 76 | 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 35 |ack to v|ersion 5|
|00004e20| 2e 30 20 61 66 74 65 72 | 20 49 0d 0a 68 61 64 20 |.0 after| I..had |
|00004e30| 73 6f 6d 65 20 70 72 6f | 62 6c 65 6d 73 20 77 69 |some pro|blems wi|
|00004e40| 74 68 20 69 74 73 20 6c | 69 6e 6b 69 6e 67 20 6f |th its l|inking o|
|00004e50| 66 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 | 20 66 69 6c 65 73 2e 20 |f object| files. |
|00004e60| 28 54 68 69 73 20 69 73 | 20 61 20 66 61 6c 73 65 |(This is| a false|
|00004e70| 0d 0a 73 74 61 74 65 6d | 65 6e 74 20 66 72 6f 6d |..statem|ent from|
|00004e80| 20 6d 65 2c 20 73 69 6e | 63 65 20 69 74 20 74 75 | me, sin|ce it tu|
|00004e90| 72 6e 65 64 20 6f 75 74 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 49 20 |rned out| that I |
|00004ea0| 68 61 64 20 6d 61 64 65 | 20 61 20 6d 69 73 74 61 |had made| a mista|
|00004eb0| 6b 65 0d 0a 6d 79 73 65 | 6c 66 2e 20 4d 79 20 74 |ke..myse|lf. My t|
|00004ec0| 68 61 6e 6b 73 20 61 72 | 65 20 64 75 65 20 74 6f |hanks ar|e due to|
|00004ed0| 20 62 6a 5f 73 74 65 64 | 6d 40 67 6f 75 6c 64 32 | bj_sted|m@gould2|
|00004ee0| 2e 62 72 69 73 74 6f 6c | 2d 70 6f 6c 79 2e 61 63 |.bristol|-poly.ac|
|00004ef0| 2e 75 6b 0d 0a 28 42 72 | 75 63 65 20 53 74 65 64 |.uk..(Br|uce Sted|
|00004f00| 6d 61 6e 29 20 66 6f 72 | 20 71 75 65 73 74 69 6f |man) for| questio|
|00004f10| 6e 69 6e 67 20 74 68 69 | 73 20 69 74 65 6d 29 2e |ning thi|s item).|
|00004f20| 20 41 6e 79 77 61 79 2c | 20 49 20 64 6f 6e 27 74 | Anyway,| I don't|
|00004f30| 20 75 73 65 20 6e 6f 72 | 0d 0a 6e 65 65 64 20 4f | use nor|..need O|
|00004f40| 4f 50 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 | 74 73 20 28 64 6f 6e 27 |OP objec|ts (don'|
|00004f50| 74 20 63 6f 6e 66 75 73 | 65 20 6c 69 6e 6b 69 6e |t confus|e linkin|
|00004f60| 67 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 | 20 66 69 6c 65 73 20 61 |g object| files a|
|00004f70| 6e 64 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 | 74 0d 0a 6f 72 69 65 6e |nd objec|t..orien|
|00004f80| 74 65 64 20 70 72 6f 67 | 72 61 6d 6d 69 6e 67 20 |ted prog|ramming |
|00004f90| 68 65 72 65 29 2e 20 4f | 6e 65 20 66 75 72 74 68 |here). O|ne furth|
|00004fa0| 65 72 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 | 20 66 6f 72 20 35 2e 35 |er point| for 5.5|
|00004fb0| 2e 20 49 74 20 68 61 73 | 20 61 0d 0a 62 65 74 74 |. It has| a..bett|
|00004fc0| 65 72 20 68 65 6c 70 20 | 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e |er help |function|
|00004fd0| 20 74 68 61 6e 20 35 2e | 30 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 61 | than 5.|0, and a|
|00004fe0| 20 66 65 77 20 6d 6f 72 | 65 20 70 72 6f 63 65 64 | few mor|e proced|
|00004ff0| 75 72 65 73 20 61 6e 64 | 0d 0a 70 72 65 64 65 66 |ures and|..predef|
|00005000| 69 6e 65 64 20 63 6f 6e | 73 74 61 6e 74 73 2e 20 |ined con|stants. |
|00005010| 54 68 65 20 54 50 20 35 | 2e 35 20 68 65 6c 70 20 |The TP 5|.5 help |
|00005020| 69 6e 63 6c 75 64 65 73 | 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 |includes| example|
|00005030| 73 2c 20 77 68 69 63 68 | 20 63 61 6e 0d 0a 62 65 |s, which| can..be|
|00005040| 20 65 76 65 6e 20 70 61 | 73 74 65 64 20 69 6e 74 | even pa|sted int|
|00005050| 6f 20 79 6f 75 72 20 70 | 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 2e 20 |o your p|rogram. |
|00005060| 54 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 | 68 61 6e 64 79 2e 0d 0a |This is |handy...|
|00005070| 20 20 20 54 68 65 20 72 | 65 61 6c 20 73 6e 61 67 |   The r|eal snag|
|00005080| 20 69 6e 20 75 70 67 72 | 61 64 69 6e 67 20 28 77 | in upgr|ading (w|
|00005090| 61 69 76 69 6e 67 20 74 | 68 65 20 72 65 61 73 6f |aiving t|he reaso|
|000050a0| 6e 61 62 6c 65 20 63 6f | 73 74 29 20 69 73 20 74 |nable co|st) is t|
|000050b0| 68 65 0d 0a 66 61 63 74 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 |he..fact| that th|
|000050c0| 65 20 75 6e 69 74 73 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 64 |e units |of the d|
|000050d0| 69 66 66 65 72 65 6e 74 | 20 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e |ifferent| version|
|000050e0| 73 20 61 72 65 20 69 6e | 63 6f 6d 70 61 74 69 62 |s are in|compatib|
|000050f0| 6c 65 2e 20 49 66 0d 0a | 79 6f 75 20 68 61 76 65 |le. If..|you have|
|00005100| 20 61 20 6c 61 72 67 65 | 20 6c 69 62 72 61 72 79 | a large| library|
|00005110| 20 6f 66 20 75 6e 69 74 | 73 20 28 61 73 20 49 20 | of unit|s (as I |
|00005120| 64 6f 29 20 79 6f 75 20 | 77 69 6c 6c 20 68 61 76 |do) you |will hav|
|00005130| 65 20 74 6f 0d 0a 72 65 | 63 6f 6d 70 69 6c 65 20 |e to..re|compile |
|00005140| 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 74 2e | 20 54 68 69 73 20 69 73 |the lot.| This is|
|00005150| 20 73 6f 6d 65 74 68 69 | 6e 67 20 74 68 61 74 20 | somethi|ng that |
|00005160| 68 61 73 20 63 61 75 73 | 65 64 20 61 20 66 61 69 |has caus|ed a fai|
|00005170| 72 20 61 6d 6f 75 6e 74 | 0d 0a 6f 66 20 6a 75 73 |r amount|..of jus|
|00005180| 74 69 66 69 61 62 6c 65 | 20 66 6c 61 6b 20 61 67 |tifiable| flak ag|
|00005190| 61 69 6e 73 74 20 61 6e | 20 6f 74 68 65 72 77 69 |ainst an| otherwi|
|000051a0| 73 65 20 65 78 63 65 6c | 6c 65 6e 74 20 70 72 6f |se excel|lent pro|
|000051b0| 64 75 63 74 2e 0d 0a 20 | 20 20 41 20 74 69 70 2e |duct... |  A tip.|
|000051c0| 20 44 6f 6e 27 74 20 74 | 68 72 6f 77 20 61 77 61 | Don't t|hrow awa|
|000051d0| 79 20 79 6f 75 72 20 54 | 75 72 62 6f 20 50 61 73 |y your T|urbo Pas|
|000051e0| 63 61 6c 20 76 65 72 73 | 69 6f 6e 20 33 2e 30 20 |cal vers|ion 3.0 |
|000051f0| 6d 61 6e 75 61 6c 2c 20 | 69 66 0d 0a 79 6f 75 20 |manual, |if..you |
|00005200| 68 61 76 65 20 6f 6e 65 | 2e 20 49 74 20 69 73 20 |have one|. It is |
|00005210| 6f 66 20 75 73 65 20 69 | 66 20 79 6f 75 20 72 65 |of use i|f you re|
|00005220| 73 6f 72 74 20 74 6f 20 | 74 68 65 20 54 75 72 62 |sort to |the Turb|
|00005230| 6f 33 20 61 6e 64 20 47 | 72 61 70 68 33 0d 0a 63 |o3 and G|raph3..c|
|00005240| 6f 6d 70 61 74 69 62 69 | 6c 69 74 79 20 75 6e 69 |ompatibi|lity uni|
|00005250| 74 73 2e 20 54 68 65 79 | 20 67 69 76 65 20 79 6f |ts. They| give yo|
|00005260| 75 20 61 63 63 65 73 73 | 20 65 2e 67 2e 20 74 6f |u access| e.g. to|
|00005270| 20 74 75 72 74 6c 65 20 | 67 72 61 70 68 69 63 73 | turtle |graphics|
|00005280| 2e 0d 0a 20 20 20 41 74 | 20 74 68 65 20 74 69 6d |...   At| the tim|
|00005290| 65 20 6f 66 20 66 69 72 | 73 74 20 77 72 69 74 69 |e of fir|st writi|
|000052a0| 6e 67 20 74 68 69 73 20 | 54 75 72 62 6f 20 50 61 |ng this |Turbo Pa|
|000052b0| 73 63 61 6c 20 36 2e 30 | 20 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e |scal 6.0| version|
|000052c0| 20 68 61 64 0d 0a 6a 75 | 73 74 20 62 65 65 6e 20 | had..ju|st been |
|000052d0| 61 6e 6e 6f 75 6e 63 65 | 64 2e 20 49 20 64 69 64 |announce|d. I did|
|000052e0| 6e 27 74 20 68 61 76 65 | 20 69 74 20 79 65 74 20 |n't have| it yet |
|000052f0| 6d 79 73 65 6c 66 2c 20 | 62 75 74 20 49 20 68 61 |myself, |but I ha|
|00005300| 64 20 62 65 65 6e 0d 0a | 28 63 6f 72 72 65 63 74 |d been..|(correct|
|00005310| 6c 79 29 20 69 6e 66 6f | 72 6d 65 64 20 74 68 61 |ly) info|rmed tha|
|00005320| 74 20 69 74 73 20 75 6e | 69 74 73 20 61 72 65 20 |t its un|its are |
|00005330| 6e 6f 74 20 63 6f 6d 70 | 61 74 69 62 6c 65 20 77 |not comp|atible w|
|00005340| 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 0d | 0a 65 61 72 6c 69 65 72 |ith the.|.earlier|
|00005350| 20 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e | 73 2e 20 49 20 6e 6f 77 | version|s. I now|
|00005360| 20 68 61 76 65 20 54 75 | 72 62 6f 20 50 61 73 63 | have Tu|rbo Pasc|
|00005370| 61 6c 20 36 2e 30 2c 20 | 61 6e 64 20 49 20 6d 75 |al 6.0, |and I mu|
|00005380| 73 74 20 73 61 79 20 74 | 68 61 74 0d 0a 6d 79 20 |st say t|hat..my |
|00005390| 72 65 61 63 74 69 6f 6e | 73 20 68 61 76 65 20 62 |reaction|s have b|
|000053a0| 65 65 6e 20 64 69 73 61 | 70 70 6f 69 6e 74 6d 65 |een disa|ppointme|
|000053b0| 6e 74 20 61 6e 64 20 66 | 72 75 73 74 72 61 74 69 |nt and f|rustrati|
|000053c0| 6f 6e 2e 20 54 68 69 73 | 20 69 73 0d 0a 70 72 6f |on. This| is..pro|
|000053d0| 62 61 62 6c 79 20 70 61 | 72 74 6c 79 20 28 62 75 |bably pa|rtly (bu|
|000053e0| 74 20 6e 6f 74 20 65 6e | 74 69 72 65 6c 79 29 20 |t not en|tirely) |
|000053f0| 6d 79 20 6f 77 6e 20 66 | 61 75 6c 74 2c 20 73 69 |my own f|ault, si|
|00005400| 6e 63 65 20 54 75 72 62 | 6f 20 50 61 73 63 61 6c |nce Turb|o Pascal|
|00005410| 0d 0a 73 65 65 6d 73 20 | 74 6f 20 62 65 20 68 65 |..seems |to be he|
|00005420| 61 64 65 64 20 66 72 6f | 6d 20 61 20 63 6f 6d 6d |aded fro|m a comm|
|00005430| 6f 6e 20 70 72 6f 67 72 | 61 6d 6d 69 6e 67 20 6c |on progr|amming l|
|00005440| 61 6e 67 75 61 67 65 20 | 69 6e 74 6f 20 61 20 66 |anguage |into a f|
|00005450| 75 6c 6c 0d 0a 70 72 6f | 66 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 61 |ull..pro|fessiona|
|00005460| 6c 27 73 20 73 70 65 63 | 69 61 6c 69 7a 65 64 20 |l's spec|ialized |
|00005470| 74 6f 6f 6c 2c 20 77 69 | 74 68 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 |tool, wi|th many |
|00005480| 66 65 61 74 75 72 65 73 | 20 49 20 64 6f 6e 27 74 |features| I don't|
|00005490| 20 6b 6e 6f 77 20 68 6f | 77 0d 0a 74 6f 20 75 74 | know ho|w..to ut|
|000054a0| 69 6c 69 7a 65 2e 20 54 | 68 65 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 |ilize. T|he only |
|000054b0| 61 64 76 61 6e 63 65 6d | 65 6e 74 20 66 72 6f 6d |advancem|ent from|
|000054c0| 20 6d 79 20 70 6f 69 6e | 74 20 6f 66 20 76 69 65 | my poin|t of vie|
|000054d0| 77 20 72 65 61 6c 6c 79 | 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 0d |w really| is the.|
|000054e0| 0a 6d 75 6c 74 69 70 6c | 65 20 66 69 6c 65 20 65 |.multipl|e file e|
|000054f0| 64 69 74 69 6e 67 2c 20 | 62 75 74 20 49 20 68 61 |diting, |but I ha|
|00005500| 76 65 20 6c 6f 6e 67 20 | 68 61 64 20 61 6c 74 65 |ve long |had alte|
|00005510| 72 6e 61 74 69 76 65 20 | 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 |rnative |programs|
|00005520| 20 66 6f 72 0d 0a 74 68 | 61 74 2e 20 49 66 20 49 | for..th|at. If I|
|00005530| 20 75 73 65 64 20 61 73 | 73 65 6d 62 6c 65 72 20 | used as|sembler |
|00005540| 28 49 20 64 6f 6e 27 74 | 29 20 49 20 61 6d 20 73 |(I don't|) I am s|
|00005550| 75 72 65 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 49 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 |ure that| I would|
|00005560| 20 66 69 6e 64 0d 0a 75 | 73 65 66 75 6c 20 54 50 | find..u|seful TP|
|00005570| 20 36 2e 30 27 73 20 70 | 6f 74 65 6e 74 69 61 6c | 6.0's p|otential|
|00005580| 20 74 6f 20 69 6e 63 6c | 75 64 65 20 61 73 73 65 | to incl|ude asse|
|00005590| 6d 62 6c 65 72 20 63 6f | 64 65 20 61 73 20 73 75 |mbler co|de as su|
|000055a0| 63 68 20 69 6e 73 74 65 | 61 64 0d 0a 6f 66 20 68 |ch inste|ad..of h|
|000055b0| 61 76 69 6e 67 20 74 6f | 20 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 |aving to| use the|
|000055c0| 20 63 75 6d 62 65 72 73 | 6f 6d 65 20 49 6e 6c 69 | cumbers|ome Inli|
|000055d0| 6e 65 20 70 72 6f 63 65 | 64 75 72 65 20 6f 66 20 |ne proce|dure of |
|000055e0| 65 6e 74 65 72 69 6e 67 | 20 74 68 65 0d 0a 61 73 |entering| the..as|
|000055f0| 73 65 6d 62 6c 65 72 20 | 63 6f 64 65 2e 0d 0a 20 |sembler |code... |
|00005600| 20 20 54 68 65 72 65 20 | 69 73 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 |  There |is also |
|00005610| 61 20 57 69 6e 64 6f 77 | 73 20 54 75 72 62 6f 20 |a Window|s Turbo |
|00005620| 50 61 73 63 61 6c 2c 20 | 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 6c |Pascal, |as the l|
|00005630| 61 74 65 73 74 20 61 64 | 64 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 74 |atest ad|dition t|
|00005640| 6f 0d 0a 74 68 65 20 70 | 6c 65 74 68 6f 72 61 2e |o..the p|lethora.|
|00005650| 20 53 69 6e 63 65 20 49 | 20 64 6f 6e 27 74 20 75 | Since I| don't u|
|00005660| 73 65 20 57 69 6e 64 6f | 77 73 20 61 74 20 61 6c |se Windo|ws at al|
|00005670| 6c 2c 20 49 20 68 61 76 | 65 20 6e 6f 20 66 75 74 |l, I hav|e no fut|
|00005680| 68 65 72 0d 0a 69 6e 66 | 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e |her..inf|ormation|
|00005690| 20 6f 6e 20 69 74 2e 0d | 0a 20 20 20 49 20 74 68 | on it..|.   I th|
|000056a0| 69 6e 6b 20 61 20 70 61 | 74 74 65 72 6e 20 69 73 |ink a pa|ttern is|
|000056b0| 20 65 6d 65 72 67 69 6e | 67 20 68 65 72 65 2e 20 | emergin|g here. |
|000056c0| 52 61 74 68 65 72 20 74 | 68 61 6e 20 62 65 69 6e |Rather t|han bein|
|000056d0| 67 20 64 69 66 66 65 72 | 65 6e 74 0d 0a 76 65 72 |g differ|ent..ver|
|000056e0| 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 73 61 6d |sions of| the sam|
|000056f0| 65 20 70 72 6f 64 75 63 | 74 2c 20 74 68 65 20 63 |e produc|t, the c|
|00005700| 6f 6e 73 65 63 75 74 69 | 76 65 20 54 75 72 62 6f |onsecuti|ve Turbo|
|00005710| 20 50 61 73 63 61 6c 73 | 20 61 72 65 0d 0a 72 65 | Pascals| are..re|
|00005720| 61 6c 6c 79 20 64 69 66 | 66 65 72 65 6e 74 20 70 |ally dif|ferent p|
|00005730| 72 6f 64 75 63 74 73 20 | 66 6f 72 20 64 69 66 66 |roducts |for diff|
|00005740| 65 72 65 6e 74 20 70 75 | 72 70 6f 73 65 73 2e 20 |erent pu|rposes. |
|00005750| 56 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 | 33 2e 30 20 77 61 73 20 |Version |3.0 was |
|00005760| 61 0d 0a 73 69 6d 70 6c | 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 |a..simpl|e progra|
|00005770| 6d 6d 69 6e 67 20 6c 61 | 6e 67 75 61 67 65 2e 20 |mming la|nguage. |
|00005780| 56 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 | 34 2e 30 20 65 78 74 65 |Version |4.0 exte|
|00005790| 6e 64 65 64 20 69 74 20 | 69 6e 74 6f 20 61 20 66 |nded it |into a f|
|000057a0| 75 6c 6c 0d 0a 73 63 61 | 6c 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 |ull..sca|le progr|
|000057b0| 61 6d 6d 69 6e 67 20 6d | 6f 64 75 6c 61 72 20 70 |amming m|odular p|
|000057c0| 6c 61 74 66 6f 72 6d 2e | 20 56 65 72 73 69 6f 6e |latform.| Version|
|000057d0| 20 35 2e 30 20 69 6e 74 | 72 6f 64 75 63 65 64 20 | 5.0 int|roduced |
|000057e0| 74 68 65 0d 0a 64 65 62 | 75 67 67 65 72 2e 20 41 |the..deb|ugger. A|
|000057f0| 6e 64 20 74 68 65 72 65 | 20 61 6e 20 61 64 76 61 |nd there| an adva|
|00005800| 6e 63 65 64 20 68 6f 62 | 62 79 69 73 74 27 73 20 |nced hob|byist's |
|00005810| 70 61 74 68 20 65 6e 64 | 65 64 2e 20 56 65 72 73 |path end|ed. Vers|
|00005820| 69 6f 6e 20 35 2e 35 0d | 0a 69 6e 74 72 6f 64 75 |ion 5.5.|.introdu|
|00005830| 63 65 64 20 6f 62 6a 65 | 63 74 20 6f 72 69 65 6e |ced obje|ct orien|
|00005840| 74 65 64 20 70 72 6f 67 | 72 61 6d 6d 69 6e 67 2c |ted prog|ramming,|
|00005850| 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 49 | 27 6d 20 73 75 72 65 20 | which I|'m sure |
|00005860| 69 73 20 69 6d 70 6f 72 | 74 61 6e 74 0d 0a 66 6f |is impor|tant..fo|
|00005870| 72 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e | 69 74 69 61 74 65 64 2c |r the in|itiated,|
|00005880| 20 62 75 74 20 70 65 72 | 73 6f 6e 61 6c 6c 79 20 | but per|sonally |
|00005890| 49 20 6a 75 73 74 20 64 | 6f 6e 27 74 20 6e 65 65 |I just d|on't nee|
|000058a0| 64 20 69 74 20 65 76 65 | 6e 20 69 66 20 49 0d 0a |d it eve|n if I..|
|000058b0| 77 72 69 74 65 20 61 20 | 6c 6f 74 20 6f 66 20 70 |write a |lot of p|
|000058c0| 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 2e | 20 41 6e 64 20 77 69 74 |rograms.| And wit|
|000058d0| 68 20 74 68 65 20 36 2e | 30 20 77 65 20 67 6f 20 |h the 6.|0 we go |
|000058e0| 63 6f 6d 70 6c 65 74 65 | 6c 79 20 6f 75 74 20 6f |complete|ly out o|
|000058f0| 66 0d 0a 74 68 65 20 72 | 65 61 6c 6d 20 6f 66 20 |f..the r|ealm of |
|00005900| 63 6f 6e 76 65 6e 74 69 | 6f 6e 61 6c 20 70 72 6f |conventi|onal pro|
|00005910| 67 72 61 6d 6d 69 6e 67 | 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 54 75 |gramming| into Tu|
|00005920| 72 62 6f 20 50 61 73 63 | 61 6c 20 76 69 73 69 6f |rbo Pasc|al visio|
|00005930| 6e 73 2e 0d 0a 41 6e 64 | 20 57 69 6e 64 6f 77 73 |ns...And| Windows|
|00005940| 20 54 75 72 62 6f 20 50 | 61 73 63 61 6c 20 69 73 | Turbo P|ascal is|
|00005950| 20 66 6f 72 20 61 20 64 | 69 66 66 65 72 65 6e 74 | for a d|ifferent|
|00005960| 20 70 6c 61 74 66 6f 72 | 6d 2c 20 61 6c 74 6f 67 | platfor|m, altog|
|00005970| 65 74 68 65 72 2e 0d 0a | 20 20 20 49 20 66 69 6e |ether...|   I fin|
|00005980| 64 20 74 68 65 20 6e 65 | 77 20 69 6e 74 65 67 72 |d the ne|w integr|
|00005990| 61 74 65 64 20 75 73 65 | 72 20 69 6e 74 65 72 66 |ated use|r interf|
|000059a0| 61 63 65 20 6f 66 20 54 | 50 20 36 2e 30 20 61 77 |ace of T|P 6.0 aw|
|000059b0| 6b 77 61 72 64 20 69 6e | 0d 0a 63 6f 6d 70 61 72 |kward in|..compar|
|000059c0| 69 73 6f 6e 20 74 6f 20 | 77 68 61 74 20 77 61 73 |ison to |what was|
|000059d0| 20 75 73 65 64 20 69 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 34 2e 30 | used in| the 4.0|
|000059e0| 2c 20 35 2e 30 2c 20 61 | 6e 64 20 35 2e 35 20 76 |, 5.0, a|nd 5.5 v|
|000059f0| 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 73 2e | 20 54 68 65 0d 0a 49 44 |ersions.| The..ID|
|00005a00| 45 20 6f 66 20 54 50 20 | 6c 65 61 76 65 73 20 6c |E of TP |leaves l|
|00005a10| 65 73 73 20 66 72 65 65 | 20 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 20 |ess free| memory |
|00005a20| 74 68 61 6e 20 74 68 65 | 20 70 72 65 76 69 6f 75 |than the| previou|
|00005a30| 73 20 76 65 72 73 69 6f | 6e 73 2e 0d 0a 46 75 72 |s versio|ns...Fur|
|00005a40| 74 68 65 72 6d 6f 72 65 | 20 54 50 20 36 2e 30 20 |thermore| TP 6.0 |
|00005a50| 49 44 45 20 70 65 72 66 | 6f 72 6d 73 20 66 72 65 |IDE perf|orms fre|
|00005a60| 71 75 65 6e 74 20 64 69 | 73 6b 20 61 63 63 65 73 |quent di|sk acces|
|00005a70| 73 65 73 20 77 68 69 63 | 68 20 63 61 75 73 65 0d |ses whic|h cause.|
|00005a80| 0a 73 6c 6f 77 64 6f 77 | 6e 73 20 20 6d 61 6b 69 |.slowdow|ns  maki|
|00005a90| 6e 67 20 69 74 20 76 69 | 72 74 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 |ng it vi|rtually |
|00005aa0| 75 6e 75 73 61 62 6c 65 | 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 61 20 |unusable| from a |
|00005ab0| 66 6c 6f 70 70 79 2e 20 | 41 6e 64 20 49 0d 0a 77 |floppy. |And I..w|
|00005ac0| 6f 6e 64 65 72 20 77 68 | 79 20 42 6f 72 6c 61 6e |onder wh|y Borlan|
|00005ad0| 64 20 64 69 64 6e 27 74 | 20 61 74 20 6f 6e 63 65 |d didn't| at once|
|00005ae0| 20 67 6f 20 61 6c 6c 20 | 74 68 65 20 77 61 79 20 | go all |the way |
|00005af0| 74 6f 20 57 69 6e 64 6f | 77 73 2c 20 62 65 63 61 |to Windo|ws, beca|
|00005b00| 75 73 65 0d 0a 74 68 61 | 74 20 69 73 20 77 68 61 |use..tha|t is wha|
|00005b10| 74 20 36 2e 30 20 72 65 | 61 6c 6c 79 20 69 73 2e |t 6.0 re|ally is.|
|00005b20| 20 41 6e 20 69 6e 74 65 | 72 6d 65 64 69 61 74 65 | An inte|rmediate|
|00005b30| 2c 20 69 6e 63 6f 6d 70 | 6c 65 74 65 20 73 74 65 |, incomp|lete ste|
|00005b40| 70 20 69 6e 20 74 68 61 | 74 0d 0a 64 69 72 65 63 |p in tha|t..direc|
|00005b50| 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 54 68 | 69 73 20 6d 65 61 6e 73 |tion. Th|is means|
|00005b60| 20 74 68 61 74 20 77 65 | 20 68 61 76 65 20 61 20 | that we| have a |
|00005b70| 35 74 68 20 75 70 67 72 | 61 64 65 20 69 6e 20 6c |5th upgr|ade in l|
|00005b80| 69 6e 65 20 77 69 74 68 | 0d 0a 69 6e 63 6f 6d 70 |ine with|..incomp|
|00005b90| 61 74 69 62 6c 65 20 75 | 6e 69 74 73 2e 20 54 68 |atible u|nits. Th|
|00005ba0| 69 73 20 69 73 20 61 67 | 67 72 61 76 61 74 69 6e |is is ag|gravatin|
|00005bb0| 67 20 65 76 65 6e 20 66 | 6f 72 20 61 20 54 50 20 |g even f|or a TP |
|00005bc0| 66 61 6e 2c 20 69 73 6e | 27 74 20 69 74 3f 0d 0a |fan, isn|'t it?..|
|00005bd0| 20 20 20 46 6f 72 20 69 | 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 |   For i|nformati|
|00005be0| 6f 6e 20 6f 6e 20 54 75 | 72 62 6f 20 50 61 73 63 |on on Tu|rbo Pasc|
|00005bf0| 61 6c 20 76 65 72 73 69 | 6f 6e 20 37 2e 30 20 61 |al versi|on 7.0 a|
|00005c00| 6e 64 20 42 6f 72 6c 61 | 6e 64 20 65 6d 61 69 6c |nd Borla|nd email|
|00005c10| 0d 0a 63 6f 6e 74 61 63 | 74 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 |..contac|t number|
|00005c20| 73 20 73 65 65 20 67 61 | 72 62 6f 2e 75 77 61 73 |s see ga|rbo.uwas|
|00005c30| 61 2e 66 69 3a 2f 70 63 | 2f 74 75 72 62 6f 70 61 |a.fi:/pc|/turbopa|
|00005c40| 73 2f 62 70 37 2d 69 6e | 66 6f 2e 7a 69 70 2e 20 |s/bp7-in|fo.zip. |
|00005c50| 41 6c 73 6f 0d 0a 73 65 | 65 20 62 70 37 62 75 67 |Also..se|e bp7bug|
|00005c60| 73 2a 2e 7a 69 70 20 62 | 79 20 44 75 6e 63 61 6e |s*.zip b|y Duncan|
|00005c70| 20 4d 75 72 64 6f 63 68 | 2e 20 54 75 72 62 6f 20 | Murdoch|. Turbo |
|00005c80| 50 61 73 63 61 6c 20 37 | 2e 30 20 6f 72 20 6d 6f |Pascal 7|.0 or mo|
|00005c90| 72 65 0d 0a 65 78 74 65 | 6e 73 69 76 65 6c 79 20 |re..exte|nsively |
|00005ca0| 42 6f 72 6c 61 6e 64 20 | 50 61 73 63 61 6c 20 37 |Borland |Pascal 7|
|00005cb0| 2e 30 20 69 73 20 61 20 | 66 75 6c 6c 20 70 72 6f |.0 is a |full pro|
|00005cc0| 66 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 61 | 6c 27 73 20 74 6f 6f 6c |fessiona|l's tool|
|00005cd0| 2c 20 61 6e 64 0d 0a 66 | 61 72 20 62 65 79 6f 6e |, and..f|ar beyon|
|00005ce0| 64 20 66 6f 72 20 65 78 | 61 6d 70 6c 65 20 6d 79 |d for ex|ample my|
|00005cf0| 20 6d 6f 64 65 72 61 74 | 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 | moderat|e progra|
|00005d00| 6d 6d 69 6e 67 20 6e 65 | 65 64 73 2e 20 54 6f 20 |mming ne|eds. To |
|00005d10| 6c 69 73 74 20 6f 6e 6c | 79 20 61 0d 0a 66 65 77 |list onl|y a..few|
|00005d20| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 66 65 61 74 75 72 65 73 | of the |features|
|00005d30| 20 61 72 65 20 70 72 6f | 74 65 63 74 65 64 20 6d | are pro|tected m|
|00005d40| 6f 64 65 20 70 72 6f 67 | 72 61 6d 6d 69 6e 67 2c |ode prog|ramming,|
|00005d50| 20 68 61 6e 64 6c 69 6e | 67 20 6f 66 0d 0a 6c 61 | handlin|g of..la|
|00005d60| 67 72 65 20 70 72 6f 67 | 72 61 6d 73 2c 20 76 65 |gre prog|rams, ve|
|00005d70| 72 79 20 66 61 73 74 20 | 63 6f 6d 70 69 6c 69 6e |ry fast |compilin|
|00005d80| 67 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 61 | 20 64 61 75 6e 74 69 6e |g, and a| dauntin|
|00005d90| 67 20 61 6d 6f 75 6e 74 | 20 6f 66 0d 0a 6d 61 74 |g amount| of..mat|
|00005da0| 72 69 61 6c 20 65 6c 62 | 6f 76 69 6e 67 20 61 77 |rial elb|oving aw|
|00005db0| 61 79 20 6f 6e 20 6f 6e | 65 27 73 20 64 69 73 6b |ay on on|e's disk|
|00005dc0| 20 73 70 61 63 65 20 69 | 66 20 6f 6e 65 20 65 76 | space i|f one ev|
|00005dd0| 65 72 20 68 61 73 20 74 | 68 65 0d 0a 70 61 74 69 |er has t|he..pati|
|00005de0| 65 6e 63 65 20 74 6f 20 | 6c 6f 6f 6b 20 74 68 72 |ence to |look thr|
|00005df0| 6f 75 67 68 20 69 74 20 | 61 6c 6c 2e 20 49 20 77 |ough it |all. I w|
|00005e00| 6f 75 6c 64 20 75 73 65 | 20 74 68 65 20 77 6f 72 |ould use| the wor|
|00005e10| 64 0d 0a 22 6f 76 65 72 | 77 68 65 6c 6d 69 6e 67 |d.."over|whelming|
|00005e20| 22 2e 20 42 75 74 20 66 | 6f 72 20 61 20 73 65 72 |". But f|or a ser|
|00005e30| 69 6f 75 73 20 70 72 6f | 67 72 61 6d 6d 65 72 20 |ious pro|grammer |
|00005e40| 74 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 | 61 6e 20 69 6d 70 72 65 |this is |an impre|
|00005e50| 73 73 69 76 65 0d 0a 61 | 6e 64 20 61 20 76 65 72 |ssive..a|nd a ver|
|00005e60| 79 20 77 6f 72 74 68 77 | 68 69 6c 65 20 74 6f 6f |y worthw|hile too|
|00005e70| 6c 2e 20 4f 6e 65 20 73 | 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 6e 6f |l. One s|hould no|
|00005e80| 74 20 62 65 20 6d 69 73 | 6c 65 64 20 73 6b 69 70 |t be mis|led skip|
|00005e90| 70 69 6e 67 20 69 74 0d | 0a 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 |ping it.|.because|
|00005ea0| 20 6f 66 20 6d 79 20 63 | 6f 6d 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 | of my c|omments |
|00005eb0| 77 68 69 63 68 20 77 65 | 72 65 20 77 72 69 74 74 |which we|re writt|
|00005ec0| 65 6e 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 | 61 20 68 6f 62 62 79 69 |en from |a hobbyi|
|00005ed0| 73 74 27 73 20 70 6f 69 | 6e 74 20 6f 66 0d 0a 76 |st's poi|nt of..v|
|00005ee0| 69 65 77 2e 20 41 73 20 | 61 20 67 65 6e 65 72 61 |iew. As |a genera|
|00005ef0| 6c 20 74 72 65 6e 64 20 | 69 6e 20 70 72 6f 67 72 |l trend |in progr|
|00005f00| 61 6d 73 2c 20 74 68 65 | 20 77 65 6c 6c 2d 6b 6e |ams, the| well-kn|
|00005f10| 6f 77 6e 20 63 6f 6c 75 | 6d 6e 69 73 74 20 4a 6f |own colu|mnist Jo|
|00005f20| 68 6e 0d 0a 43 2e 20 44 | 76 6f 72 61 6b 20 63 61 |hn..C. D|vorak ca|
|00005f30| 6c 6c 73 20 74 68 69 73 | 20 69 6e 63 72 65 61 73 |lls this| increas|
|00005f40| 69 6e 67 20 70 72 6f 64 | 75 63 74 20 63 6f 6d 70 |ing prod|uct comp|
|00005f50| 6c 65 78 69 74 79 20 74 | 72 65 6e 64 20 22 66 65 |lexity t|rend "fe|
|00005f60| 61 74 75 72 69 73 6d 22 | 0d 0a 69 6e 20 50 43 20 |aturism"|..in PC |
|00005f70| 43 6f 6d 70 75 74 69 6e | 67 2c 20 4d 61 79 20 31 |Computin|g, May 1|
|00005f80| 39 39 33 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a | 20 41 32 3a 20 46 72 6f |993.....| A2: Fro|
|00005f90| 6d 3a 20 64 6d 75 72 64 | 6f 63 68 40 77 61 74 73 |m: dmurd|och@wats|
|00005fa0| 74 61 74 2e 77 61 74 65 | 72 6c 6f 6f 2e 65 64 75 |tat.wate|rloo.edu|
|00005fb0| 20 28 44 75 6e 63 61 6e | 20 4d 75 72 64 6f 63 68 | (Duncan| Murdoch|
|00005fc0| 29 2c 0d 0a 4e 65 77 73 | 67 72 6f 75 70 73 3a 20 |),..News|groups: |
|00005fd0| 63 6f 6d 70 2e 6c 61 6e | 67 2e 70 61 73 63 61 6c |comp.lan|g.pascal|
|00005fe0| 2e 20 49 6e 63 6c 75 64 | 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 |. Includ|ed with |
|00005ff0| 44 75 6e 63 61 6e 27 73 | 20 6b 69 6e 64 0d 0a 70 |Duncan's| kind..p|
|00006000| 65 72 6d 69 73 73 69 6f | 6e 2e 20 28 44 75 6e 63 |ermissio|n. (Dunc|
|00006010| 61 6e 20 69 73 20 6f 6e | 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |an is on|e of the|
|00006020| 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 6b 6e | 6f 77 6c 65 64 67 65 61 | most kn|owledgea|
|00006030| 62 6c 65 20 61 6e 64 20 | 75 73 65 66 75 6c 0d 0a |ble and |useful..|
|00006040| 63 6f 6e 74 72 69 62 75 | 74 6f 72 73 20 74 6f 20 |contribu|tors to |
|00006050| 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6d 70 | 2e 6c 61 6e 67 2e 70 61 |the comp|.lang.pa|
|00006060| 73 63 61 6c 20 55 73 65 | 4e 65 74 20 6e 65 77 73 |scal Use|Net news|
|00006070| 67 72 6f 75 70 29 2e 0d | 0a 20 20 20 4f 6e 65 20 |group)..|.   One |
|00006080| 6f 74 68 65 72 20 72 65 | 61 73 6f 6e 3a 20 20 74 |other re|ason:  t|
|00006090| 68 65 72 65 27 73 20 61 | 20 62 75 67 20 69 6e 20 |here's a| bug in |
|000060a0| 74 68 65 20 63 6f 64 65 | 20 67 65 6e 65 72 61 74 |the code| generat|
|000060b0| 6f 72 20 66 6f 72 20 34 | 2e 30 0d 0a 61 6e 64 20 |or for 4|.0..and |
|000060c0| 35 2e 30 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 6d 61 6b 65 73 20 69 |5.0 that| makes i|
|000060d0| 74 20 68 61 6e 64 6c 65 | 20 74 68 65 20 45 78 74 |t handle| the Ext|
|000060e0| 65 6e 64 65 64 20 28 31 | 30 20 62 79 74 65 29 20 |ended (1|0 byte) |
|000060f0| 72 65 61 6c 20 74 79 70 | 65 0d 0a 70 6f 6f 72 6c |real typ|e..poorl|
|00006100| 79 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 | 63 6f 64 65 20 67 65 6e |y.  The |code gen|
|00006110| 65 72 61 74 65 64 20 6d | 61 6b 65 73 20 76 65 72 |erated m|akes ver|
|00006120| 79 20 70 6f 6f 72 20 75 | 73 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |y poor u|se of th|
|00006130| 65 20 38 20 65 6c 65 6d | 65 6e 74 0d 0a 69 6e 74 |e 8 elem|ent..int|
|00006140| 65 72 6e 61 6c 20 73 74 | 61 63 6b 20 6f 6e 20 74 |ernal st|ack on t|
|00006150| 68 65 20 63 6f 70 72 6f | 63 65 73 73 6f 72 2c 20 |he copro|cessor, |
|00006160| 73 6f 20 74 68 61 74 20 | 65 78 70 72 65 73 73 69 |so that |expressi|
|00006170| 6f 6e 73 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 6c 6f 74 73 20 6f 66 |ons with| lots of|
|00006180| 0d 0a 6f 70 65 72 61 6e | 64 73 20 6c 69 6b 65 0d |..operan|ds like.|
|00006190| 0a 20 20 65 31 2b 65 32 | 2b 65 33 2b 65 34 2b 65 |.  e1+e2|+e3+e4+e|
|000061a0| 35 2b 65 36 2b 65 37 2b | 65 38 2b 65 39 0d 0a 61 |5+e6+e7+|e8+e9..a|
|000061b0| 6c 77 61 79 73 20 66 61 | 69 6c 2c 20 69 66 20 61 |lways fa|il, if a|
|000061c0| 6c 6c 20 74 68 65 20 65 | 27 73 20 61 72 65 20 6f |ll the e|'s are o|
|000061d0| 66 20 74 79 70 65 20 65 | 78 74 65 6e 64 65 64 2e |f type e|xtended.|
|000061e0| 20 20 28 54 68 65 20 67 | 65 6e 65 72 61 74 65 64 |  (The g|enerated|
|000061f0| 0d 0a 63 6f 64 65 20 70 | 75 73 68 65 73 20 65 61 |..code p|ushes ea|
|00006200| 63 68 20 6f 70 65 72 61 | 6e 64 20 6f 6e 74 6f 20 |ch opera|nd onto |
|00006210| 74 68 65 20 73 74 61 63 | 6b 2c 20 74 68 65 6e 20 |the stac|k, then |
|00006220| 64 6f 65 73 20 61 6c 6c | 20 74 68 65 20 61 64 64 |does all| the add|
|00006230| 73 2e 0d 0a 49 74 27 73 | 20 73 6d 61 72 74 65 72 |s...It's| smarter|
|00006240| 20 74 6f 20 70 75 73 68 | 20 61 6e 64 20 61 64 64 | to push| and add|
|00006250| 20 74 68 65 6d 20 6f 6e | 65 20 61 74 20 61 20 74 | them on|e at a t|
|00006260| 69 6d 65 2e 29 0d 0a 20 | 20 20 54 68 69 73 20 6d |ime.).. |  This m|
|00006270| 61 6b 65 73 20 69 74 20 | 61 20 72 65 61 6c 20 70 |akes it |a real p|
|00006280| 61 69 6e 20 74 72 61 6e | 73 6c 61 74 69 6e 67 20 |ain tran|slating |
|00006290| 6e 75 6d 65 72 69 63 61 | 6c 20 72 6f 75 74 69 6e |numerica|l routin|
|000062a0| 65 73 20 66 72 6f 6d 0d | 0a 46 6f 72 74 72 61 6e |es from.|.Fortran|
|000062b0| 2c 20 65 73 70 65 63 69 | 61 6c 6c 79 20 73 69 6e |, especi|ally sin|
|000062c0| 63 65 20 63 6f 6e 73 74 | 61 6e 74 73 20 61 72 65 |ce const|ants are|
|000062d0| 20 74 61 6b 65 6e 20 74 | 6f 20 62 65 20 6f 66 20 | taken t|o be of |
|000062e0| 74 79 70 65 0d 0a 65 78 | 74 65 6e 64 65 64 2e 0d |type..ex|tended..|
|000062f0| 0a 20 20 20 54 68 65 20 | 62 75 67 20 77 61 73 20 |.   The |bug was |
|00006300| 66 69 78 65 64 20 69 6e | 20 35 2e 35 2e 0d 0a 0d |fixed in| 5.5....|
|00006310| 0a 20 41 33 3a 20 46 72 | 6f 6d 3a 20 42 65 6e 67 |. A3: Fr|om: Beng|
|00006320| 74 20 4f 65 68 6d 61 6e | 20 28 64 39 32 62 6f 40 |t Oehman| (d92bo@|
|00006330| 65 66 64 2e 6c 74 68 2e | 73 65 29 3a 20 41 20 64 |efd.lth.|se): A d|
|00006340| 69 66 66 65 72 65 6e 63 | 65 20 62 65 74 77 65 65 |ifferenc|e betwee|
|00006350| 6e 0d 0a 76 34 2e 30 20 | 61 6e 64 20 76 35 2e 35 |n..v4.0 |and v5.5|
|00006360| 20 69 73 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 79 6f 75 20 63 61 6e | is that| you can|
|00006370| 20 63 61 6c 63 75 6c 61 | 74 65 20 63 6f 6e 73 74 | calcula|te const|
|00006380| 61 6e 74 73 20 69 6e 20 | 74 70 35 35 2c 20 62 75 |ants in |tp55, bu|
|00006390| 74 20 6e 6f 74 0d 0a 69 | 6e 20 34 2e 30 2e 20 49 |t not..i|n 4.0. I|
|000063a0| 20 73 65 65 20 74 68 69 | 73 20 61 73 20 61 20 62 | see thi|s as a b|
|000063b0| 69 67 20 61 64 76 61 6e | 74 61 67 65 2e 20 46 6f |ig advan|tage. Fo|
|000063c0| 72 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c | 65 3a 0d 0a 20 20 43 4f |r exampl|e:..  CO|
|000063d0| 4e 53 54 20 4d 61 78 57 | 20 3d 20 31 30 3b 0d 0a |NST MaxW| = 10;..|
|000063e0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 4d 61 78 48 20 3d 20 32 |        |MaxH = 2|
|000063f0| 30 3b 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 4d 61 78 53 |0;..    |    MaxS|
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+