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- WOULD THE AMERICAN GOVERNMENTAL SYSTEM BE AS STRONG IN THE ABSENCE OF
- POLITICAL PARTIES?
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- Submitted by:
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- Peter McKay
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- June 3, 1996
- Period 4
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- OUTLINE
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- I. Introduction
- A. Statement of Interest
- B. Hypothesis
- II. Review Of The Literature
- A. History and function of political parties
- 1. History
- a. Many different parties
- 2. Emergence of Parties
- B. Arguments against the usage of political parties
- 1. The 1992 Presidential election
- a. Ross Perot
- 2. "Brave New World?"
- 3. Parties more separated from voters
- 4. Voters being forced to choose the lesser of two evils
- 5. The constitution does not mention political parties
- III. Conclusion
- A. Statement of conclusion
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- Section I
- Introduction
- Since the last of the Whig party left office in 1852, the American
- political system has been primarily a two party system. The Democrats and
- the Republicans have been the two parties fighting for the Presidency since
- that time. There have been many other parties since that time, but mainly,
- these two have gone unopposed against each other. However, how much good
- do these parties actually do? Would our country be run as effectively if
- the presence of political parties was no longer a factor? It is the
- opinion of the authors that the U.S. Government would exist without
- political parties and may, in fact be stronger.
- The concept of political parties seems to go against what it means to be a
- politician: to represent his or her constituents. More time, money and
- effort, it seems is put into getting elected to an office than actually
- doing work for the people in that office. One fairly recent example is
- seen in the case of the proposed federal Balanced Budget Amendment. Mark
- Hatfield, Republican Oregon Senator, went against his parties wishes and
- voted against the amendment. His party nearly abandoned him for choosing
- the people over his party. Many senators are faced with the same decision
- every day, but instead stick with party beliefs and not what they feel
- would be the best for the people. In order for true democracy to be
- achieved in our government, we feel drastic changes need to occur.
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- Section II
- Review Of The Literature
- Since the mid 1850's, the Democrats and Republicans have had control of
- the nation government. The only place where opposition was felt was at the
- state and local levels. However, in the early days of our country, third
- and fourth party candidates played important roles in politics. A few of
- these parties from our history are the: Democrat-Republicans, Jefferson
- Republicans, Whigs and Federalists. Many other lesser known or hardly
- known at all parties were the: Socialists, Unionists, Farmer-Laborists,
- Progressives, Communists, States' Rights, American Independents,
- Libertarians, New Alliance, Populists, Consumers, National Economic
- Recovery, Right to Life, Workers league, Socialist Workers, Peace and
- Freedom, Prohibitionists, Workers World, American, Grassroots, Independent
- and Third World Assembly. This immense list goes to show that not all
- American history has been two party. What we know today as Democrats and
- Republicans derived from some of these parties to be what they are today.
- The emergence of the parties has come mainly as a reaction to history
- where most of the rulers have been dictators or kings. The people do not
- favor dictatorship and therefore created political parties to better
- represent the feelings of the voters (Madron, 1974). This is not a time of
- a dictatorship and we have achieved representative democracy. We have
- evolved as a nation and have grown out of the need for political parties.
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- The 1992 Presidential election was a definite sign that the usefulness of
- political parties is crumbling. The Democrats came out on top, followed by
- the Republicans, however, a third party candidate, Ross Perot, emerged and
- ended the race with nearly 10,000,000 popular votes. Perot made himself
- out to be the only one who could clean up the mess in Washington, and came
- through with an impressive finish (Wolfson, 1994). From this example, it
- is obvious that the way we know political parties, or perhaps political
- parties as a whole, are being phased out by the people.
- The world in which we live is constantly changing and getting faster and
- more efficient at making news readily available to the people. Back in the
- times before radio, tv, the internet and e-mail, people had to find out
- somehow about politics. The main source of their information came from
- political parties to educate them as to who was running and what they stood
- for and believed in (Carlin, 1992). Now, if someone needs information on
- some kind of politics, they can simply turn on C-Span, surf the
- ever-expanding net, or write an e-mail to the President himself. Another
- strike against political parties is evident.
- Lately, politicians have had their way in separating themselves from the
- voters whom they are supposed to represent. A greater gap is growing
- between the two. Voters do not like being just a number (Wolfson, 1994).
- The basis of democracy, in case some have forgotten, is equal
- representation for all people. By separating themselves from the voters,
- politicians are only creating a stronger case against political parties.
- Another such argument against parties can be seen in the fact that
- lately, voters have been straying from voting for one candidate. Instead
- of voting for a candidate, they may be voting simply against another
- candidate. They are choosing the lesser of the two evils by choosing the
- one that offends then the least, not judging on the qualifications of the
- two (Ladd, 1978).
- Finally, the argument that may have the most stature lies in the fact that
- nowhere in the Constitution of the United States, the document our
- forefathers penned more than 200 years ago, are political parties
- mentioned. In a time without radio or tv, where political parties may have
- been needed, the authors the document in which governs our lives made no
- mention to them or what they stand for. This argument in itself should
- take a major role in the determination to rid government of political
- parties.
- Since political parties did start and take hold as they did, Americans
- have stuck to them and seem to remain grasped to them. If we want our
- government to run more smoothly and work for the people and not against,
- better than our current conditions, we must break the pattern and ban
- political parties. There is much disapproval of the two party political
- system today already, as illustrated. For a better government for future
- generations, one without the constant battles for political offices and
- without separation from the people, we must look very closely at what can
- be done. Ideally, the solution would be to ban political parties.
- Section III
- Conclusion
- From the research into the matter of political parties, we have come to
- some conclusions regarding them. As it may have seemed apparent throughout
- the report, we believe that the American Political system would perform
- dually well without the bothersome nuisance of political parties. It is
- true that political parties served America well in their time, however a
- time of change is unavoidable. With faster technology and better means of
- communication, some parts of parties become obsolete.
- As people become more aware of the country in which they live and the
- political system dominating their country, more pieces of parties become
- useless. As stated, political parties did at one time serve a valuable
- purpose, and they have help shape our system into what it is today.
- Surely, without political parties in our nation's history, our system would
- be much different. For that reason, political parties did do some good.
- It has been a long time, though, since much good came from them. Now, the
- only good that comes from parties is watching the ad campaigns of
- politicians bashing each other to pieces for some office or another. Even
- that can get a little old.
- So, in conclusion, political parties have served their purpose. They were
- used for what they were intended and now, for what they intended has already
- been achieved, therefore making parties themselves obsolete.
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- Bibliography
- 1. Carlin, David R. Commonwealth. "Lessons From November: Fraying The
- Bonds". December 18, 1992.
- 2. Ladd, Everett Carl. Where Have All The Voters Gone?: The Fracturing
- Of America's Political Parties. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.,
- 1978.
- 3. Madron, Thomas W. and Chelf, Carl P. Political Parties In The United
- States. Boston: Holbrook Press, Inc., 1974.
- 4. Wolfson, Lewis. USA Today. "The Revolution In U.S. Politics Is Nearly
- Here". January, 1994.
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