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- $Unique_ID{BRK04350}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Chandler's Syndrome}
- $Subject{Chandler's Syndrome Dystrophia Endothelialis Cornea Iris Atrophy with
- Corneal Edema and Glaucoma Essential Iris Atrophy Cogan-Reese Syndrome
- Glaucoma Primary }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1993 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 946:
- Chandler's Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Chandler's Syndrome)
- is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Dystrophia Endothelialis Cornea
- Iris Atrophy with Corneal Edema and Glaucoma
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Essential Iris Atrophy
- Cogan-Reese Syndrome
- Glaucoma, Primary
-
- General Discussion
-
- **REMINDER **
- The Information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Chandler's Syndrome is a very rare eye disorder that effects women more
- often that men. It usually becomes apparent during middle age and can cause
- increased development in the cells lining the cornea, drying up of the iris,
- corneal swelling, and unusually high pressure in the eye (glaucoma). The
- disorder may result in vision loss.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Chandler's Syndrome is characterized by proliferation of the cells lining the
- cornea, swelling of the cornea, iris destruction with development of scar
- tissue, and glaucoma (high pressure) within the eye.
-
- The disorder may cause blurred vision, pain and swelling in the eyes with
- eventual loss of vision. Usually only one eye is affected; however, the
- other eye may become involved later.
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of Chandler's Syndrome is not known. Some researchers
- suspect that inflammation or chronic infection may be the cause of the
- disease. The thickness, shape, and size of the cornea are changed by the
- disease.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Chandler's Syndrome is a very rare disorder that affects females more often
- than it does males. The disorder usually appears during the middle aged
- years.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Chandler's
- Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Essential Iris Atrophy is a very similar disorder to Chandler's Syndrome
- and their symptoms may even overlap. Essential Iris Atrophy is characterized
- by the movement of the pupil into an unusual location within the eye and the
- development of holes in the iris. This condition also causes increased
- pressure and swelling within the eye. If left untreated vision loss may
- occur.
-
- Cogan-Reese Syndrome is characterized by loss of iris tissue and the
- development of small wart-like growths on the iris. Increased pressure
- within the eye and corneal swelling are also evident. This disorder differs
- from Cogan Corneal Dystrophy which is inherited as an autosomal dominant
- disorder.
-
- Glaucoma occurs as a secondary characteristic of Chandler's Syndrome.
- When it occurs as a primary disease in individuals it is characterized by
- increased pressure within the eye. If left untreated the increased pressure
- may affect the lens and the optic nerve, resulting in eventual blindness.
- Glaucoma usually occurs for unknown reasons, however, it is more prevalent in
- diabetics. Some symptoms for persons to be aware of are: blurred vision,
- rainbow colored halos around lights, and loss of side vision resulting in
- "tunnel vision". A simple test can measure the pressure in a persons eye and
- this testing is recommended annually for persons over age forty. Treatment
- may consist of medicated eye drops and if these are unsuccessful surgery may
- be necessary.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Chandler's Syndrome usually involves the use of drops in the
- eyes to control the glaucoma and swelling (edema). Pilocarpine and Timoptic
- are drugs used for this purpose. If these methods are unsuccessful surgery
- may be indicated. Keratoplasty, iridectomy, and trabeculectomy are three
- types of surgical methods used to treat Chandler's Syndrome. Laser surgery
- is a fourth type of treatment; it is often used to control the secondary
- glaucoma.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through June
- 1993. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Chandler's Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Eye Institute (NEI)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5248
-
- National Society to Prevent Blindness
- 79 Madison Ave
- New York, NY 10016
- (212) 684-3505
-
- Eye Research Institute of the Retina Foundation
- 20 Staniford St.
- Boston, MA 02114
- (617) 742-3140
-
- References
-
- CLINICAL OPHTHALMOLOGY, 2nd Ed.; Jack J. Kanski, Editor; Butterworth-
- Heinemann, 1990. P. 222.
-
- OPHTHALMOLOGY PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS, 7th Ed.; Frank W. Newell, Mosby
- Year Book, 1992, Pp. 275-276.
-
- PATHOGENESIS OF CHANDLER'S SYNDROME, ESSENTIAL IRIS ATROPHY AND THE
- COGAN-REESE SYNDROME. I. ALTERATIONS OF THE CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM., J.A.
- Alvarado, et al.; Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, June, 1986, (issue 27 (6)). Pp.
- 853-872.
-
- PATHOGENESIS OF CHANDLER'S SYNDROME, ESSENTIAL IRIS ATROPHY AND COGAN-
- REESE SYNDROME. II. ESTIMATED AGE AT DISEASE ONSET., J.A. Alvarado, et al.;
- Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, June, 1986, (27 (6)). Pp. 873-882.
-
-