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$Unique_ID{BRK04350}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Chandler's Syndrome}
$Subject{Chandler's Syndrome Dystrophia Endothelialis Cornea Iris Atrophy with
Corneal Edema and Glaucoma Essential Iris Atrophy Cogan-Reese Syndrome
Glaucoma Primary }
$Volume{}
$Log{}
Copyright (C) 1993 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
946:
Chandler's Syndrome
** IMPORTANT **
It is possible that the main title of the article (Chandler's Syndrome)
is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
Synonyms
Dystrophia Endothelialis Cornea
Iris Atrophy with Corneal Edema and Glaucoma
Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
Disorders section of this report:
Essential Iris Atrophy
Cogan-Reese Syndrome
Glaucoma, Primary
General Discussion
**REMINDER **
The Information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
section of this report.
Chandler's Syndrome is a very rare eye disorder that effects women more
often that men. It usually becomes apparent during middle age and can cause
increased development in the cells lining the cornea, drying up of the iris,
corneal swelling, and unusually high pressure in the eye (glaucoma). The
disorder may result in vision loss.
Symptoms
Chandler's Syndrome is characterized by proliferation of the cells lining the
cornea, swelling of the cornea, iris destruction with development of scar
tissue, and glaucoma (high pressure) within the eye.
The disorder may cause blurred vision, pain and swelling in the eyes with
eventual loss of vision. Usually only one eye is affected; however, the
other eye may become involved later.
Causes
The exact cause of Chandler's Syndrome is not known. Some researchers
suspect that inflammation or chronic infection may be the cause of the
disease. The thickness, shape, and size of the cornea are changed by the
disease.
Affected Population
Chandler's Syndrome is a very rare disorder that affects females more often
than it does males. The disorder usually appears during the middle aged
years.
Related Disorders
Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Chandler's
Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
Essential Iris Atrophy is a very similar disorder to Chandler's Syndrome
and their symptoms may even overlap. Essential Iris Atrophy is characterized
by the movement of the pupil into an unusual location within the eye and the
development of holes in the iris. This condition also causes increased
pressure and swelling within the eye. If left untreated vision loss may
occur.
Cogan-Reese Syndrome is characterized by loss of iris tissue and the
development of small wart-like growths on the iris. Increased pressure
within the eye and corneal swelling are also evident. This disorder differs
from Cogan Corneal Dystrophy which is inherited as an autosomal dominant
disorder.
Glaucoma occurs as a secondary characteristic of Chandler's Syndrome.
When it occurs as a primary disease in individuals it is characterized by
increased pressure within the eye. If left untreated the increased pressure
may affect the lens and the optic nerve, resulting in eventual blindness.
Glaucoma usually occurs for unknown reasons, however, it is more prevalent in
diabetics. Some symptoms for persons to be aware of are: blurred vision,
rainbow colored halos around lights, and loss of side vision resulting in
"tunnel vision". A simple test can measure the pressure in a persons eye and
this testing is recommended annually for persons over age forty. Treatment
may consist of medicated eye drops and if these are unsuccessful surgery may
be necessary.
Therapies: Standard
Treatment of Chandler's Syndrome usually involves the use of drops in the
eyes to control the glaucoma and swelling (edema). Pilocarpine and Timoptic
are drugs used for this purpose. If these methods are unsuccessful surgery
may be indicated. Keratoplasty, iridectomy, and trabeculectomy are three
types of surgical methods used to treat Chandler's Syndrome. Laser surgery
is a fourth type of treatment; it is often used to control the secondary
glaucoma.
Therapies: Investigational
This disease entry is based upon medical information available through June
1993. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
information about this disorder.
Resources
For more information on Chandler's Syndrome, please contact:
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
P.O. Box 8923
New Fairfield, CT 06812
(203) 746-6518
NIH/National Eye Institute (NEI)
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20892
(301) 496-5248
National Society to Prevent Blindness
79 Madison Ave
New York, NY 10016
(212) 684-3505
Eye Research Institute of the Retina Foundation
20 Staniford St.
Boston, MA 02114
(617) 742-3140
References
CLINICAL OPHTHALMOLOGY, 2nd Ed.; Jack J. Kanski, Editor; Butterworth-
Heinemann, 1990. P. 222.
OPHTHALMOLOGY PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS, 7th Ed.; Frank W. Newell, Mosby
Year Book, 1992, Pp. 275-276.
PATHOGENESIS OF CHANDLER'S SYNDROME, ESSENTIAL IRIS ATROPHY AND THE
COGAN-REESE SYNDROME. I. ALTERATIONS OF THE CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM., J.A.
Alvarado, et al.; Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, June, 1986, (issue 27 (6)). Pp.
853-872.
PATHOGENESIS OF CHANDLER'S SYNDROME, ESSENTIAL IRIS ATROPHY AND COGAN-
REESE SYNDROME. II. ESTIMATED AGE AT DISEASE ONSET., J.A. Alvarado, et al.;
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, June, 1986, (27 (6)). Pp. 873-882.