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- $Unique_ID{BRK04325}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Weil Syndrome}
- $Subject{Weil Syndrome Fiedler Disease Icterohemorrhagic Leptospirosis
- Infectious Jaundice Lancereaux-Mathieu-Weil Spirochetosis Leptospiral Jaundice
- Spirochetal Jaundice Weil Disease Meningitis Leptospirosis }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 388:
- Weil Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Weil Syndrome) is not the
- name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next page to
- find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders covered
- by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Fiedler Disease
- Icterohemorrhagic Leptospirosis
- Infectious Jaundice
- Lancereaux-Mathieu-Weil Spirochetosis
- Leptospiral Jaundice
- Spirochetal Jaundice
- Weil Disease
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report.
-
- Meningitis
- Leptospirosis
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Weil Syndrome is a severe form of bacterial infection caused by
- Leptospira bacteria (Leptospirosis). This type of infection causes
- dysfunction of the liver and kidneys.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Symptoms of Weil Syndrome usually start abruptly, with headache, disturbances
- in consciousness, pain in muscles and abdomen, a stiff neck, lack of appetite
- (anorexia), chills, nausea, vomiting, and fever. Prostration, coughing,
- expectoration of blood-stained sputum (hemoptysis), and nosebleed (epistaxis)
- may also occur. Yellowing of the skin (jaundice), bleeding in muscles,
- gastrointestinal tract, and visceral organs may be widespread. Small
- purplish-red spots (petechiae) may appear, caused by hemorrhages in the skin.
- Enlarged lymph nodes, and continued fever may occur for several days.
- Respiratory distress syndrome which includes great difficulty breathing and
- dangerously low levels of oxygen in the blood (hypoxemia) may sometimes
- develop in Weil Syndrome.
-
- Signs of liver and kidney dysfunction usually appear from the 3rd to the
- 6th day. Kidney abnormalities may include the appearance of protein
- (proteinuria), pus (pyuria), or blood in the urine (hematuria), and an excess
- of urea in the blood (azotemia). The kidney is often enlarged, and its
- capsule is tense. Bleeding in many places throughout the body may occur due
- to injury of tiny blood vessels (capillaries). A low number of blood
- platelets (thrombocytopenia) may also occur. Damage to the liver is usually
- minimal and complete healing almost always occurs. Fever usually abates on
- the 7th day, but it may be recurrent for weeks. After age 50 the prognosis
- for Weil Disease is less optimistic than for younger people.
-
- Causes
-
- Weil Disease is caused by an infection from the bacteria Leptospira
- icterohemorrhagiae or other related types of this bacteria (such as L
- canicola, or L pomona). The infection is usually transferred to humans
- through urine or tissue of an infected domestic or wild animal. The
- infection enters through a skin abrasion or the mucous membranes.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Weil Syndrome may occur in people of all ages. At least 75% of persons
- infected with this disorder are male. It can be an occupational disorder
- striking farmers, veterinarians, or sewer and abattoir workers, but most
- patients are exposed incidentally during recreational activities.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Many types of bacterial infections may affect the liver, kidneys and
- respiratory organs, causing symptoms similar to those of Weil Syndrome.
-
- Leptospirosis is an inclusive term for all bacterial infections caused by
- any Leptospira bacteria, regardless of the type. (For more information,
- choose "Leptospirosis" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Meningitis is an infection of the membrane lining the skull or the spinal
- cavity (meninges) by either bacteria or viruses.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Antibiotics such as penicillin, streptomycin, the tetracyclines,
- chloramphenicol, and erythromycin may be effective if used before the 4th day
- after onset of symptoms of Weil Syndrome. Peritoneal dialysis in combination
- with antibiotics has been used successfully in many patients.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Studies are underway to determine the role of antigens and antibodies in
- treating Weil Syndrome infections, including Weil Syndrome. However,
- treatments have not been established as yet.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- September 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Weil Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
- 1600 Clifton Road, NE
- Atlanta, GA 30333
- (404) 639-3534
-
- NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infections Diseases (NIAID)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5717
-
- References
-
- ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME IN LEPTOSPIRA ICTEROHAEMORRHAGIAE
- INFECTION: H.D. Chee, et al.; Intensive Care Medicine (1985: issue 11,5).
- Pp. 254-256.
-
- CURRENT CLINICAL ASPECTS OF LEPTOSPIROSIS: F. Suter, et al.; Minerva
- Medica (May 12, 1983: issue 74,20). Pp. 1179-1186. (Published in Italian.)
-
-