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- $Unique_ID{BRK04302}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Urticaria, Cold}
- $Subject{Urticaria, Cold Idiopathic Cold Urticaria (Familial or Acquired)
- Primary Idiopathic Cold Urticaria Raynaud's Disease Cold Agglutinin Disease
- Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria }
- $Subject{}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1988, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 565:
- Urticaria, Cold
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Cold Urticaria) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- DISORDER SUBDIVISIONS
-
- Idiopathic Cold Urticaria (Familial or Acquired)
- Primary Idiopathic Cold Urticaria
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Raynaud's Disease
- Cold Agglutinin Disease
- Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Cold Urticaria is a chronic, reactive skin disorder. It is probably the
- most common form of physical urticaria. Major symptoms may include abnormal
- reddening of the skin (erythema), hives and itching after exposure of the
- skin to cold temperatures.
-
- Symptoms
-
- In Cold Urticaria the skin has an abnormal reaction to cold. The skin
- usually turns red, develops welts and itching. This may be accompanied by
- fever, headache, anxiety, tiredness, and sometimes even fainting. Some
- persons may also have palpitations or wheezing.
-
- Idiopathic Cold Urticaria may be familial or acquired. Familial Cold
- Urticaria is a rare condition inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. It
- consists of burning red skin patches which develop approximately thirty
- minutes after being exposed to cold weather. This condition may persist for
- up to forty-eight hours after exposure. It may be accompanied by fever,
- headache, tiredness, pain in the joints (arthralgia) and the presence of
- excessive white blood cells (leucocytosis) in the blood.
-
- Acquired Cold Urticaria consists of Primary Acquired Cold Urticaria,
- Delayed Cold Urticaria, Localized Cold Urticaria, Reflex Cold Urticaria or
- Secondary Cold Urticaria, which are explained below:
-
- Primary Acquired Cold Urticaria can occur five to thirty minutes after
- exposure to cold. The reaction may occur in the cold itself, but more often
- during the rewarming phase. Itching and reddening of the skin may develop
- first, followed by a burning sensation. Hives appear, usually lasting thirty
- minutes. The affected person may also experience headache, palpitations,
- wheezing or fainting.
-
-
- Delayed Cold Urticaria may appear several hours after contact with the
- cold.
-
- Localized Cold Urticaria has been reported to occur after exposure to
- cold at the sites of previous ragweed injections for allergies or ladybug
- bites.
-
- Reflex Cold Urticaria is characterized by widespread appearance of welts
- occuring in response to a drop in body temperature after localized exposure
- to cold applications (e.g. an ice pack).
-
- Secondary Cold Urticaria can occur in connection with various blood
- disorders associated with viral infections such as Mononucleosis or Syphilis.
-
- Causes
-
- Cold Urticaria can occur for unknown (idiopathic) reasons, or it may be
- transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. (Human traits including the
- classic genetic diseases, are the product of the interaction of two genes for
- that condition, one received from the father and one from the mother. In
- dominant disorders a single copy of the disease gene (received from either
- the mother or father) will be expressed "dominating" the other normal gene
- and resulting in appearance of the disease. The risk of transmitting the
- disorder from affected parent to offspring is fifty percent for each
- pregnancy regardless of the sex of the resulting child.)
-
- It may also be a disease of the autoimmune system. (Autoimmune disorders
- are caused when the body's natural defenses (antibodies) against invading
- organisms suddenly begin to attack perfectly healthy tissue.)
-
- Exposure of the skin to cold triggers symptoms of the disorder such as
- cold weather, swimming in cold water or even a cold bath.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Cold Urticaria affects males and females in equal numbers.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Cold
- Urticaria. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Raynaud's Disease is a vascular disorder that is triggered by exposure to
- cold. It is characterized by spasms of blood vessels occurring especially in
- the fingers and toes. Intermittent attacks of pain, pallor or blue coloring
- (cyanosis) of the fingers or toes are precipitated by exposure to cold or by
- emotional upsets. The attacks last for minutes to hours, but are rarely
- severe enough to result in tissue loss. Rewarming the affected digits
- results in normal blood circulation and a return to normal color and
- sensation. Onset usually occurs in the first or second decade of life. (For
- more information on this disorder, choose "Raynaud" as your search term in
- the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Cold Agglutination Disease is a blood disorder which occurs when the
- temperature of the blood is below body temperature. It is most pronounced
- below 25 C. Although it is seen occasionally in the blood of apparently
- healthy persons, it is more frequent in individuals with scarlet fever,
- staphylococcal infections, primary atypical pneumonia, certain hemolytic
- anemias, and trypanosomiasis.
-
- Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria is a disorder that makes the red blood
- corpuscles abnormally susceptible to antibodies which try to destroy them.
- It is triggered by exposure to cold. (For more information on thia disorder,
- chooose "Hemoglobinuria" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Cold Urticaria may include the use of the drugs epinephrine,
- diphenhydramine, cyproheptadine, hydrochloride and cetirizine. Symptoms may
- be prevented with the use of warm clothing during cold weather. The
- avoidance of cold baths, swimming in cold water, etc., is recommended since
- loss of consciousness may occur, possibly resulting in drowning.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- November 1988. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Cold Urticaria, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5717
-
- Asthma & Allergy Foundation of America
- 1717 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Suite 305
- Washington, DC 20036
- (202) 265-0265
-
- For information about Raynaud's Disease only:
- Raynaud's Association Trust
- c/o Bladon Crescent
- Alsager, Cheshire 5T7 2BG
- England
-
- For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown and
- Co., 1987. Pp. 945, 1058.
-
- CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COLD-INDUCED SYSTEMIC REACTIONS IN THIS
- COMPLICATION AND A PROPOSAL FOR A DIAGNOSTIC CLASSIFICATION OF COLD
- URTICARIA. A.A. Wanderer, et al.; J Allergy Clin Immunol (September, 1986,
- issue 78 (3 Pt. 1)). Pp. 417-423.
-
- COLD URTICARIA: RELEASE INTO THE CIRCULATION OF HISTAMINE AND EOSINOPHIL
- CHEMOTACTIC FACTOR OF ANAPHYLAXIS DURING COLD CHALLENGE. N.A. Soter, et al.;
- N Engl J Med (March, 1975, issue 294 (13)). Pp. 687-690.
-
- INHIBITING EFFECT OF CETIRIZINE ON HISTAMINE-INDUCED AND 48/80-INDUCED
- WHEALS AND FLARES, EXPERIMENTAL DERMOGRAPHISM, AND COLD-INDUCED URTICARIA.
- L. Juhlin et al.; J Allergy Clin Immunol (October, 1987, issue 80, (4)). Pp.
- 599-602.
-
-