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$Unique_ID{BRK04209}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Schwachman Syndrome}
$Subject{Schwachman Syndrome Schwachman-Diamond Syndrome Metaphyseal
Dysostosis Type B IV Burke Syndrome Neutropenia-Pancreatic Insufficiency
Agranulocytosis Cystic Fibrosis }
$Volume{}
$Log{}
Copyright (C) 1987, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
371:
Schwachman Syndrome
** IMPORTANT **
It is possible the main title of the article (Schwachman Syndrome) is not
the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the
alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders covered by this
article.
Synonyms
Schwachman-Diamond Syndrome
Metaphyseal Dysostosis (Type B IV)
Burke Syndrome
Neutropenia-Pancreatic Insufficiency
Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
Disorders section of this report:
Agranulocytosis
Cystic Fibrosis
General Discussion
** REMINDER **
The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
section of this report.
Schwachman Syndrome usually begins in childhood and is characterized by
insufficient digestive enzymes and low white blood cell count. Symptoms of
this disorder may include chronic diarrhea, failure to grow due to improper
digestion of nutrients, dwarfism and problems with bone growth. Persistent
respiratory and skin infections usually occur and should be carefully guarded
against.
Symptoms
Diarrhea is usually the initial symptom of Schwachman Syndrome. Infants
with this disorder have frequent respiratory infections and tend to bleed
easily due to a lowered number of blood clotting cells (platelets). Some
cases may have anemia and/or failure to thrive due to insufficient absorption
of nutrients from food. Dwarfism occurs in one-third of cases and bone
deformities may cause impaired walking. Lowered resistance to respiratory
and skin infections are major characteristics of this disorder. The symptoms
of Schwachman Syndrome may mimic the respiratory and digestive symptoms of
Cystic Fibrosis. (For more information on this disorder, choose "CF" as your
search term in the Rare Disease Database).
Causes
The exact cause of Schwachman Syndrome is unknown. Insufficient amounts of
digestive enzymes and white blood cells cause the digestive and respiratory
characteristics of this disorder.
Affected Population
Schwachman Syndrome begins in infancy or early childhood. This disorder
seems to affect males and females in equal numbers.
Related Disorders
Agranulocytosis is characterized by a marked decrease in the number of white
blood cell components known as granulocytes. This results in increased
susceptibility to infection. Major symptoms of this disorder include
lesions of mucous membranes in the throat, gastrointestinal tract and skin.
This disorder is also called granulocytopenia or Schultz disease. Side
effects from drugs are the most common cause of Agranulocytosis. These drugs
may include the alkylating agents, chemotherapeutic antimetabolites,
phenothiazine derivatives, dibenzazepine compounds, antithyroid drugs,
sulfonamides, antihistamines and anticonvulsants. (For more information on
this disorder, choose "Agranulocytosis" as your search term in the Rare
Disease Database).
Cystic Fibrosis is an inherited respiratory disorder that affects the
exocrine (outward-secreting) glands of the body in children and young adults.
Mucous producing glands secrete mucous that is thick and sticky, clogging and
obstructing air passages in the lungs and pancreatic and bile ducts. Cystic
Fibrosis also causes dysfunction of salivary and sweat glands. There is
presently no cure for CF, but with proper treatment, many of those affected
can lead active lives. (For more information on this disorder, choose "CF"
as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
Therapies: Standard
Therapy for Schwachman Syndrome involves use of antibiotics to treat possible
infections, pancreatic enzymes to correct deficiencies and a diet which is
high in protein, calories and vitamins. Other treatment is symptomatic and
supportive.
Therapies: Investigational
The French pharmaceutical manufacturer, FOURNIER, is developing the drug
LF1695, which may restore the immune system in children with Hodgkin's
Disease, Schwachman Syndrome, and Chagas Disease. Physicians interested in
obtaining LF1695 may contact:
Fournier Labs
BP90, Daix,
21121 Fontaine
Les Dijon, France
This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
May 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
current information about this disorder.
Resources
For more information on Schwachman Syndrome, please contact:
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
P.O. Box 8923
New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
(203) 746-6518
National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse
Box NDDIC
Bethesda, MD 20892
(301) 468-6344
Cystic Fibrosis Foundation
6931 Arlington Rd.
Bethesda, MD 20814
1-800-FIGHT CF
American Lung Association
1740 Broadway
New York, NY 10019
(212) 315-8700
References
PANCREATIC LIPOMATOSIS IN THE SCHWACHMAN-DIAMOND SYNDROME. IDENTIFICATION BY
SONOGRAPHY AND CT-SCAN: E. Robberecht, et. al.; Pediatr Radiol (1985, issue
15(5)). Pp. 348-349.
CYSTIC FIBROSIS "FACTOR(S)": PRESENT ALSO IN SERA OF SCHWACHMAN'S
PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY: G. Banchini, et. al.; Pediatr Res (July 1981,
issue 15(7)). Pp. 1073-1075.
CHRONIC DIARRHEA AND NEUTROPENIA NOT ASSOCIATED WITH PANCREATIC
INSUFFICIENCY: A NON-SHWACHMAN-DIAMOND ENTITY: L.R. Marino, et. al.; J
Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr (1983, issue 2(3). Pp. 559-562.