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- $Unique_ID{BRK04149}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum}
- $Subject{Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum PXE Groenblad-Strandberg syndrome Elastosis
- Dystrophica syndrome Systemic Elastorrhexis of Touraine}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991 National Organization for Rare
- Disorders, Inc.
-
- 253:
- Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum)
- is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- PXE
- Groenblad-Strandberg syndrome
- Elastosis Dystrophica syndrome
- Systemic Elastorrhexis of Touraine
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum designates a group of inherited connective
- tissue disorders involving the skin, the eyes and the cardiovascular system.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum, also know as PXE, is first characterized by the
- appearance of small yellow elevated spots (wheals) in the folds of the skin.
- The skin of the neck, under the armpits (axilles), the groin, and the areas
- around the navel (periumbilical) becomes thickened, grooved, inelastic, and
- loose. Brownish streaks appear in the retina. Retinal hemorrhage and severe
- vision loss may occur. Weak or absent pulses and easy fatigability of the
- extremities may cause intermittent limping.
-
- Arterial calcification may be apparent on X-rays at an early age, even
- though other symptoms may appear years later. Arteries of the arm show
- radial and ulnar artery closing (occlusion), with dilated arteries between
- the bones (interosseous) supplying blood to the hands. Angina pectoris and
- hypertension are common. Hemorrhage may occur in the uterus, the genito-
- urinary tract, the nose and under the membrane around the brain (the
- subarachnoid).
-
- The clinical course of PXE varies with the severity of the disorder in
- each patient, and location of the involvement of blood vessels. It is
- progressive, but in many cases it may progress very slowly.
-
- Causes
-
- PXE is an hereditary autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant disorder.
-
- Human traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of
- the interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from the father
- and one from the mother.
-
- In recessive disorders, the condition does not appear unless a person
- inherits the same defective gene from each parent. If one receives one
- normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will be a carrier for
- the disease, but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of transmitting the
- disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are carriers for a
- recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of their children
- will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five percent of
- their children will receive both normal genes, one from each parent and will
- be genetically normal.
-
- In dominant disorders, a single copy of the disease gene (received from
- either the mother or father) will be expressed "dominating" the normal gene
- and resulting in appearance of the disease. The risk of transmitting the
- disorder from affected parent to offspring is 50% for each pregnancy
- regardless of the sex of the resulting child.
-
- Connective tissue fibers of the skin, the intermediate size and small
- arteries, and occasionally the membranes around the heart stain readily with
- basic dyes (are basophilic) and contain calcium deposits. These abnormal
- connective tissue fibers cause the inelastic, excessive looseness of the
- skin.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum affects approximately 1 in 100,000 persons worldwide.
-
- It is estimated that there may be 2,500 cases in the United States.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Many treatments for PXE are possible to prevent or improve the natural course
- of this disorder. These include trauma of head activities in sports
- activities which may cause bleeding from the eye's retina. Laser coagulation
- and other treatment methods can be used to stop this bleeding.
-
- Antibiotics are prescribed to prevent infection of heart valves. A
- regular exercise and weight control program can be helpful. Aspirin and
- excessive calcium in the diet should be avoided. Smoking should be avoided
- as well. Cosmetic surgery may be required to treat the skin changes.
-
- Genetic counseling including an explanation of the natural course of PXE
- to families of patients is recommended.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through June
- 1991. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- National Association for PXE (NAPE)
- 1884 Cherry St.
- Denver, CO 80220-1146
- (518) 426-0451
-
- The National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Information
- Clearinghouse
- Box AMS
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 495-4484
-
- NIH/National Eye Institute
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5248
-
- Clinics:
-
- Mark Lebwohl, M.D.
- PXE Research Project, Department of Dermatology
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine
- Fifth Avenue & 100th Street
- New York, NY 10029
- (212) 876-7199
-
- Kenneth H. Nelder, M.D.
- PXE Research Program
- Department of Dermatology
- Health Sciences Center
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
- Lubbock, TX 79430
- (806) 743-2456
-
- For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
- contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL 15th ed: R. Berkow, et al: eds; Merck, Sharp & Dohme
- Research Laboratories, 1987. P. 2099.
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 18th ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Eds.: W.B. Saunders Co., 1988. Pp. 1181-2.
-
-