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$Unique_ID{BRK04141}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Proteus Syndrome}
$Subject{Proteus Syndrome Partial Gigantism of Hands and Feet, Nevi,
Hemihypertrophy, Macrocephaly Bannayan-Zonana Syndrome Cowden Syndrome
(Multiple Hamartoma Syndrome) Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome Maffucci Syndrome
Neurofibromatosis Nevus Sebaceus of Jadassohn Ollier Disease}
$Volume{}
$Log{}
Copyright (C) 1988, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
579:
Proteus Syndrome
** IMPORTANT **
It is possible that the main title of this article (Proteus Syndrome) is
not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM list to find the
alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
Synonyms
Partial Gigantism of Hands and Feet, Nevi, Hemihypertrophy, Macrocephaly
Information on the following disorders can be found in the Related
Disorders section of this report:
Bannayan-Zonana Syndrome
Cowden Syndrome (Multiple Hamartoma Syndrome)
Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome
Maffucci Syndrome
Neurofibromatosis
Nevus Sebaceus of Jadassohn
Ollier Disease
General Discussion
** REMINDER **
The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
contact your physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources" section
of this report.
Proteus Syndrome is a very rare hereditary disorder characterized by
multiple lesions of the lymph vessels (lipolymphohemangiomas), overgrowth of
one side of the body (hemihypertrophy), an abnormally large head
(macrocephaly), partial gigantism of the feet, and abnormal coffee-colored
(cafe-au-lait) spots on the skin.
Symptoms
Proteus Syndrome is present at birth and is characterized by many fatty
lesions of enlarged cystic lymph vessels, overgrowth of one side of the body,
an excessively large head, overgrowth of hands or feet, and coffee-colored
(cafe-au-lait) spots on the skin. Areas of the tongue can become enlarged
with longer than normal elevations (papillae). Abnormal growths in the
abdominal cavity may occur in some cases.
Causes
Proteus Syndrome is an autosomal dominant hereditary disorder. (Human
traits, including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of the
interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from the father and
one from the mother. In dominant disorders, a single copy of the disease
gene (received from either the mother or father) will be expressed
"dominating" the other normal gene and resulting in appearance of the
disease. The risk of transmitting the disorder from affected parent to
offspring is 50 percent for each pregnancy regardless of the sex of the
resulting child.)
Affected Population
Proteus Syndrome is present at birth, and affects males and females in equal
numbers.
Related Disorders
Symptoms of the following disorders may be similar to those of Proteus
Syndrome. Comparisons can be useful for a differential diagnosis:
Bannayan-Zonana Syndrome (Macrocephaly, Multiple Lipomas and Hemangiomas)
is a hereditary disorder characterized by an enlarged head (macrocephaly),
multiple fatty growths (lipomas) in the abdominal cavity and other areas, and
abnormal growths (tumors) of the blood vessels (hemangiomas).
Cowden Syndrome (Multiple Hamartoma Syndrome) is a hereditary disorder
characterized by multiple nodules composed of an overgrowth of mature cells
and tissues that occur in the affected part of the body. Often one kind of
cell or tissue predominates (hamartomas).
Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome is thought to be a hereditary disorder
combining a birth mark which is the color of a port wine stain (nevus
flammeus), excessive growth of soft tissue and bone, and varicose veins.
Cases may range from mild to severe. The disorder usually starts before
birth or during early childhood. (For more information, choose "Klippel" as
your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
Maffucci Syndrome (Multiple Angiomas and Endochondromas; Kast Syndrome;
Hemangiomatosis Chondrodystrophica) is a rare inborn disorder characterized
by multiple benign skin and bone lesions which, in some cases, may be
progressive. The lesions appear at birth or shortly thereafter, but may not
become evident for several years. (For more information, choose "Maffucci"
as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
Neurofibromatosis (Elephant Man Disease; Von Recklinghausen Disease; NF
I and NF II) is a hereditary disorder with highly variable symptoms which can
affect many body systems. Symptoms usually start during childhood. The
disorder tends to become more active at puberty, during pregnancy, and at
menopause. It is characterized by multiple nerve tumors under the skin which
can result in disfigurement, cafe-au-lait spots on the skin, curvature of the
spine and long bones, malformation of bones and other complications. (For
more information, choose "Neurofibromatosis" as your search term in the Rare
Disease Database.)
Nevus Sebaceus of Jadassohn (Linear Sebaceous Nevus Syndrome) is a
portwine-like spot on the scalp or less often the face, which often grows
larger during puberty or early adult life. It may, in rare cases, give rise
to a variety of new growths, including a skin cancer known as basal cell
carcinoma.
Ollier Disease (Multiple Cartilaginous Enchondroses) is a rare disorder
characterized by abnormal development of the bones (skeletal dysplasia)
usually beginning during childhood. The disorder affects bone and cartilage
in joints of the arms and legs. Dwarfism may be present if both sides of the
body are affected. (For more information, choose "Ollier" as your search
term in the Rare Disease Database.)
Therapies: Standard
Some growths and bone malformations occurring in patients with Proteus
Syndrome can be removed or corrected surgically. Other treatment is
symptomatic and supportive.
Therapies: Investigational
This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
November 1988. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
the most current information about this disorder.
Resources
For more information on Proteus Syndrome, please contact:
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
P.O. Box 8923
New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
(203) 746-6518
International Center for Skeletal Dysplasia
St. Joseph Hospital
7620 York Road
Towson, MD 21204
(301) 337-1250
The National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Information
Clearinghouse
Box AMS
Bethesda, MD 20892
(301) 495-4484
For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
contact:
March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
White Plains, NY 10605
(914) 428-7100
Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
Chevy Chase, MD 20815
(800) 336-GENE
(301) 652-5553
References
PROTEUS SYNDROME: THE ELEPHANT MAN DIAGNOSED: J.A.R. Tibbles, et al.;
British Med Journal (1986: issue 293). Pp. 683-685.
THE PROTEUS SYNDROME: PARTIAL GIGANTISM OF THE HANDS AND/OR FEET, NEVI,
HEMIHYPERTROPHY, SUBCUTANEOUS TUMORS, MACROCEPHALY OR OTHER SKULL ANOMALIES
AND VISCERAL AFFECTIONS: H.R. Wiedemann, et al.; Eur Journal Pediatr (1983:
issue 140). Pp. 5-12.
PROTEUS SYNDROME: REPORT OF TWO CASES WITH PELVIC LIPOMATOSIS: T Costa,
et al.; Pediatrics (1985: issue 76). Pp. 984-989.
PROTEUS SYNDROME OR ANOTHER HAMARTOSIS?: Boris G. Kousseff; Journal Clin
Dysmorphol (1984: issue 2(3)). Pp. 23-26.
MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 7th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
University Press, 1986. P. 638.