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- $Unique_ID{BRK04119}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Polycystic Liver Disease}
- $Subject{Polycystic Liver Disease PLD PCLD Solitary Cysts Caroli Syndrome
- Echinococcal Cysts Neoplastic Cysts}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1989, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 665:
- Polycystic Liver Disease
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Polycystic Liver
- Disease) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to
- find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- PLD
- PCLD
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Solitary Cysts
- Caroli Syndrome
- Echinococcal Cysts
- Neoplastic Cysts
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Polycystic Liver Disease (PLD) is an inherited disorder characterized by
- many cysts in the liver. Abdominal discomfort from swelling of the liver may
- occur; however, most patients do not have any symptoms.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Polycystic Liver Disease is characterized by a few to many cysts in the liver
- ranging from a few millimeters to over 15 cm in diameter. Symptoms rarely
- occur although the liver gradually enlarges as it is replaced by cysts.
- Abdominal discomfort may occur due to the stretching of the liver. Fever may
- also occur if the cysts break due to infection or bleeding into a cyst.
- Rarely, yellowing of the skin (jaundice) may occur if the bile ducts are
- compressed by a cyst. High blood pressure in the portal system (blood flow
- from the intestines to the liver) occurs only if the portal vein is
- compressed by a cyst.
-
- Liver function is generally unaffected if the liver has only a few cysts
- or small cysts.
-
- Fifty percent of PLD patients have cysts in their kidneys. Rarely, cyst-
- like lesions can occur in the pancreas, lungs, spleen, and other organs.
-
- Causes
-
- Polycystic Liver Disease is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Liver
- cysts may also occur as a result of abnormally developed bile ducts in the
- fetus.
-
- Human traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of
- the interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from the father
- and one from the mother. In dominant disorders a single copy of the disease
- gene (received from either the mother or father) will be expressed
- "dominating" the other normal gene and resulting in appearance of the
- disease. The risk of transmitting the disorder from affected parent to
- offspring is fifty percent for each pregnancy regardless of the sex of the
- resulting child.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Polycystic Liver Disease (PLD) affects males and females in equal numbers.
- PLD may occur at any age; however, cysts are less common during childhood.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Polycystic
- Liver Disease. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Solitary cysts of the liver are most often present in the right part of
- the liver. They may contain a few milliliters or more than a liter of fluid.
- Most cysts cause no symptoms. Among patients that do have symptoms, the most
- common are abdominal discomfort, nausea, and vomiting.
-
- Caroli Syndrome is a rare congenital liver disorder characterized by
- enlargement (dilation) of the bile ducts inside the liver. If symptoms
- occur, the most common are abdominal pain, fever, and yellowing of the skin
- (jaundice). Caroli Syndrome occurs because of abnormal prenatal development.
- (For more information on this disorder, choose "Caroli" as your search term
- in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- The parasitic tapeworm Echinococcus may cause cysts in the liver. It is
- more common in central and eastern Europe and rare in the United States. The
- cyst of Echinococcus granulosus is usually solitary, located in the right
- part of the liver, and causes no symptoms. Echinococcus multilocularis may
- cause many cysts in the liver and may extend beyond it. A few patients may
- have abdominal pain or a slight swelling. Rupture of a cyst, infection, or
- an allergic reaction may occur as complications.
-
- Neoplastic cysts are called tumors which are abnormal tissue growths.
- There are two kinds: benign or malignant. Benign tumors may cause abdominal
- discomfort or bleeding within the sac that lines the abdominal cavity
- (peritoneum). Liver function is usually normal with benign tumors.
- Malignant tumors may cause loss of appetite, weight loss, pain, and fever.
- The liver may be enlarged, tender, and hard. Excess watery fluid in the
- spaces between the tissues and organs in the abdomen (ascites) may also
- occur. Yellowing of the skin (jaundice) is usually absent or mild but may
- worsen with time.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Imaging machines such as Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI),
- Computed Tomography (CT) Scan, and Ultrasound (US) can take pictures of the
- liver to see if cysts are present.
-
- No treatment may be necessary in many cases of Polycystic Liver Disease
- (PLD).
-
- Removal of the fluid in large cysts (aspiration) may be required in PLD
- patients with troublesome symptoms.
-
- Genetic counseling may be of benefit for patients and their families.
- Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Researchers are investigating several types of surgery that may be effective
- to treating large troublesome cysts in Polycystic Liver Disease. Unroofing,
- Fenestration, and Hepatectomy are being studied. Unroofing involves removing
- the membrane of the cyst and may also involve draining the fluid from the
- cyst. Fenestration involves creating an opening in the cyst and may also
- involve removing the cyst. Hepatectomy is the removal of part of the liver.
- This procedure is used for the most severe cases of Polycystic Liver Disease.
-
- Rarely, surgical intervention may be needed to treat portal high blood
- pressure when it occurs as a rare complication in Polycystic Liver Disease.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- January 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Polycystic Disease, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- American Liver Foundation
- 1425 Pompton Ave.
- Cedar Grove, N.J. 07009
- (201) 857-2626
- (800) 223-0179
-
- The United Liver Foundation
- 11646 West Pico Blvd.
- Los Angeles, CA 90064
- (213) 445-4204 or 445-4200
-
- The United Liver Foundation
- 11646 West Pico Blvd.
- Los Angeles, CA 90064
- (213) 445-4204 or 445-4200
-
- Children's Liver Foundation
- 14245 Ventura Blvd.
- Sherman Oaks, CA 91423
- (818) 906-3021
-
- For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 7th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
- University Press, 1986. Pp. 608.
-
- INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown
- and Co., 1987. Pp. 241.
-
- THERAPEUTIC DILEMMAS IN PATIENTS WITH SYMPTOMATIC POLYCYSTIC LIVER
- DISEASE: R.H. Turnage, et al.; Am Surg (June, 1988: issue 54(6)). Pp. 365-
- 372.
-
- MASSIVE HEPATOMEGALY IN ADULT POLYCYSTIC LIVER DISEASE: M.K. Kwok & K.J.
- Lewin; Am J Surg Pathol (April, 1988: issue 12(4)). Pp. 321-324.
-
-