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- $Unique_ID{BRK04056}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Noonan Syndrome}
- $Subject{Noonan Syndrome Female Pseudo-Turner Syndrome Male Turner Syndrome,
- also known as Turner Syndrome in Males Turner Phenotype with Normal Karyotype
- Turner-Ullrich Syndrome, also known as Ullrich-Turner Syndrome Turner Syndrome}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 412:
- Noonan Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Noonan Syndrome) is not the
- name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next page to
- find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders covered by
- this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Female Pseudo-Turner Syndrome
- Male Turner Syndrome, also known as Turner Syndrome in Males
- Turner Phenotype with Normal Karyotype
- Turner-Ullrich Syndrome, also known as Ullrich-Turner Syndrome
-
- Information on the following disease can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Turner Syndrome
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- Section of this report.
-
- Noonan Syndrome is a genetic disorder that can affect both males and
- females. The condition is characterized by a lack of sexual development,
- short stature, possible mental retardation, a webbed neck, skeletal and/or
- heart defects, and various other inborn deformities. Persons with Noonan
- Syndrome have normal chromosomes (karyotype is normal), while their physical
- appearance is different from their peers.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Persons with Noonan Syndrome can have widely varying symptoms. This disorder
- is mainly characterized by abnormal development of the reproductive system,
- short stature and possible mental retardation. Additionally, skeletal
- deformities may include undue prominence (pectus carinatum) or depression
- (pectus cavum) of the breastbone, and a deformity of the elbow (cubitus
- valgus).
-
- Persons with Noonan Syndrome usually have curly hair with a low hairline
- in the back and a webbed neck (pterygium colli). The eyes may be set wide
- apart (hypertelorism) and the eyelids may droop (ptosis). The midface may
- not develop in proper proportion to the rest of the face and the ears may be
- low-set.
-
- Narrowing of the pulmonary artery and its valves, a deficiency of blood
- clotting cells (thrombocytopenia), and accumulation of excess fluid in body
- tissues (hydrops or dropsy) may also occur.
-
- Overdevelopment of the outer layer of the skin (hyperkeratosis), scar
- tissue (keloid), and pigmented birthmarks (nevus) are occasional
- dermatological symptoms.
-
- The main reproductive system abnormality can vary from completely absent
- to underdeveloped primary sex organs. In males the testes may be undescended
- and the appearance of other male sexual characteristics (including pubertal
- hair) may be delayed.
-
- Causes
-
- Noonan Syndrome usually is an autosomal dominant hereditary disorder. Some
- researchers believe it may be inherited in some cases through autosomal
- recessive genes. There is some evidence that the disorder may be caused by
- an abnormality in the Y chromosome (the male sex chromosome).
-
- Human traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of
- the interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from the father
- and one from the mother.
-
- In dominant disorders, a single copy of the disease gene (received from
- either the mother or father) will be expressed "dominating" the normal gene
- and resulting in appearance of the disease. The risk of transmitting the
- disorder from affected parent to offspring is 50% for each pregnancy
- regardless of the sex of the resulting child.)
-
- In recessive disorders, the condition does not appear unless a person
- inherits the same defective gene from each parent. If one receives one
- normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will be a carrier for
- the disease, but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of transmitting the
- disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are carriers for a
- recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of their children
- will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five percent of
- their children will receive both normal genes, one from each parent and will
- be genetically normal.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Noonan Syndrome is estimated to occur in approximately 1 out of 1,000 to
- 2,500 persons. Because of the wide difference in severity of the symptoms,
- not all cases of this syndrome are diagnosed properly. Noonan's appears to
- affect persons whose genetic constitution is male more than genotypic
- females.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Noonan Syndrome and Neurofibromatosis often occur simultaneously in the same
- patient. (For more information, choose "neurofibromatosis" as your search
- term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Turner Syndrome (Gonadal Dysgenesis, X0) is a genetic disorder affecting
- persons who have no definite sex identity, but have a female appearance
- (phenotype). This disorder is characterized by lack of sexual development,
- small stature, possible mental retardation, a webbed neck, heart defects and
- various other congenital defects. Persons with Turner's Syndrome have an X0
- karyotype; i.e. they have neither the second X chromosome that characterizes
- females, nor the Y chromosome of males. (For more information on this
- disorder, choose "Turner" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment with the female sex hormone "estradiol", started early in life, may
- be useful to promote normal growth and maturation of the bones of children
- with Noonan Syndrome. The orphan drug somatrem (Protropin) (human growth
- hormone) has been known to increase stature in children with growth hormone
- deficiencies. (For information on additional therapies that have been
- designated as Orphan Drugs in the last few months, please return to the main
- menu of NORD Services and access the Orphan Drug Database).
-
- Genetic counseling will be useful to families of children with Noonan
- Syndrome.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Balloon dilatation during heart catheterization has been known to relieve
- pulmonary valve stenosis in some cases of this disorder. This treatment may
- reduce the narrowness of the pulmonary artery where it joins the heart and
- may reduce blood pressure in the right ventricle while controlling the
- difference in pressure between the right part of the heart and the pulmonary
- veins (pulmonary valve gradient). If successful, balloon dilatation may make
- heart surgery unnecessary.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- March 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Noonan Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Noonan Syndrome Support Group
- 1278 Pine Ave.
- San Jose, CA 95125
-
- NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5133
-
- The Magic Foundation
- 1327 N. Harlem Ave.
- Oak Park, IL 60302
- (708) 383-0808
-
- Human Growth Foundation (HGF)
- 7777 Leesburg Pike
- P.O. Box 3090
- Falls Church, VA 22043
- (703) 883-1773
- (800) 451-6434
-
- Association for Research into Restricted Growth
- 2 Mount Court
- 81 Central Hill
- London SE19 1BS
- England
- 01-678-2984
-
- For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals, please contact:
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- References
-
- PERCUTANEOUS BALLOON VULVOPLASTY FOR PULMONARY VALVE STENOSIS IN INFANTS AND
- CHILDREN: I. D. Sullivan, et al.; British Heart Journal (October 1985:
- issue 54,4). Pp. 435-441.
-
- NOONAN SYNDROME: THE CHANGING PHENOTYPE: J.E. Allanson, et al.;
- American Journal Med Gen (July 1985: issue 21,3). Pp. 507-514.
-
- ARGON LASER THERAPY OF VULVAR ANGIOKERATOMA: D.J. Dotters, et al.;
- Archives Intern Med (November 1986: issue 146,11). Pp. 2233-2234.
-
-