home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- $Unique_ID{BRK04054}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Nocardiosis}
- $Subject{Nocardiosis Lung Nocardiosis Actinomycosis Tuberculosis Pneumonia }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 746:
- Nocardiosis
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Nocardiosis) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Lung Nocardiosis
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Actinomycosis
- Tuberculosis
- Pneumonia
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Nocardiosis is an infectious pulmonary disease characterized by abscesses
- in the lungs. These abscesses may extend through the chest wall. The
- infection is spread through the bloodstream by a microorganism called
- Nocardia asteroides.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Most cases of Nocardiosis begin as pulmonary infections which develop into
- lung abscesses. Symptoms may include chest pain, cough, bloody sputum,
- sweats, chills, weakness, lack of appetite, weight loss and difficult or
- labored breathing. Nocardiosis symptoms are similar to those of pneumonia
- and tuberculosis.
-
- The infection may spread through the bloodstream resulting in abscesses
- in the brain or, less frequently, the kidney, intestines or other organs.
- Approximately one-third of reported cases develop brain abscesses. Symptoms
- associated with brain abscesses may include severe headache and focal,
- sensory and motor disturbances.
-
- Skin abscesses occur in approximately one-third of all cases of
- Nocardiosis, and are usually found scattered across the hand, chest wall and
- buttocks. In the individual who's immune system is suppressed due to
- corticosteroid or cytotoxic drugs, ulcerative colitis, malignancy of the
- lymph system or a variety of other diseases, progression of the disease can
- be very rapid.
-
- Nocardiosis may last from several months to years. It is essential that
- the infection be diagnosed and differentiated from tuberculosis and
- pneumonia.
-
- Causes
-
- Nocardiosis is caused by the organism Nocardia asteroides which is found in
- the soil. The organism usually enters the body through the lungs, and more
- rarely through the gastrointestinal tract or the skin.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Nocardiosis occurs world wide. It is most common in the southern United
- States, Texas and in Latin American countries. The incidence is greater in
- older adults and Nocardiosis more commonly affects males than females.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Nocardiosis.
- Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Actinomycosis is a chronic infectious disease characterized by draining
- sinuses. The microorganisms which cause Acitnomycosis are often found on the
- gums, tonsils and teeth. Actinomycosis most commonly affects adult males.
- The most common entry into the body for the infecting microorganism is
- through decayed teeth. Pulmonary or abdominal disease may also occur due to
- this infection. The infection causes small abscesses which spread to
- adjoining tissue. The abdominal form of the infection produces symptoms of
- pain, fever, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation and emaciation. There may
- be an abdominal mass with signs of intestinal obstruction, and draining pus
- may develop in the abdominal wall. In the thoracic form of the infection,
- lung infection may resemble tuberculosis with chest pain, fever and a cough
- with sputum.
-
- Tuberculosis (TB) is an acute or chronic bacterial infection found most
- commonly in the lungs. The infection is spread like a cold, mainly through
- airborne droplets breathed into the air by a person infected with TB. In the
- lungs these tubercules produce breathing impairment, coughing and release of
- sputum. Tuberculosis may also affect the kidneys, bones, lymph nodes, and
- membranes surrounding the brain. Initial symptoms include fever, loss of
- appetite, weight loss, weakness, and dry cough. In later stages, symptoms
- may include blood in the sputum. (For more information on this disorder,
- choose "Tuberculosis" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Pneumonia is a common bacterial infection of the lungs. Onset is sudden,
- and usually presents itself as fever and shaking chills. Symptoms may
- include fever, pain or difficulty in breathing, cough and the production of
- sputum. Fever rises rapidly, sometimes to 105 degrees F. There may also be
- nausea, vomiting and a general feeling of ill health. Initially there may be
- a dry cough that later worsens and produces blood-streaked sputum. (For more
- information on this disorder, choose "Pneumonia" as your search term in the
- Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Nocardia organisms are usually resistant to penicillin. Sulfonamide drugs
- may be prescribed, and treatment may be continued for several months since
- most cases respond slowly. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is often prescribed
- for immunosuppressed patients. Relapse is common. Other drugs sometimes
- prescribed are ampicillin, minocycline, cefoxitin, amikacin and erythromycin.
- Without treatment the disease can be fatal, so proper diagnosis is essential.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- January 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Nocardiosis, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- American Lung Association
- 1740 Broadway
- New York, NY 10019
- (212) 315-8700
-
- NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5717
-
- Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
- 1600 Clifton Road, NE
- Atlanta, GA 30333
- (404) 329-3534
-
- References
-
- INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown and
- Co., 1987. Pp. 1766-1767.
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL, Volume 1, 14th Ed.: Robert Berkow, M.D., ed.-in-
- chief; Merck Sharp & Dohme Laboratories, 1982. Pp. 82-83.
-
- PLEUROPULMONARY MANIFESTATIONS OF ACTINOMYCOSIS AND NOCARDIOSIS. J.E.
- Heffner; SEMIN RESPIR INFECT (December, 1988; issue 3 (4)). Pp. 352-361.
-
- NOCARDIOSIS: A NEGLECTED CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE IN AFRICA? G.G. Baily et
- al.; THORAX (November, 1988; issue 43 (11)). Pp. 905-910.
-
- PRESUMED INTRAOCULAR NOCARDIOSIS IN A CARDIAC-TRANSPLANT PATIENT. N.
- Mamalis et al.; ANN OPTHALMOL (July, 1988; issue 20 (7)). Pp. 271-273, 276.
-
-