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$Unique_ID{BRK04047}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Neuropathy, Hereditary Sensory, Type II}
$Subject{Neuropathy Hereditary Sensory Type II Congenital Sensory Neuropathy
Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type II HSN-II Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic
Neuropathy Type II HSAN-II Hereditary Sensory Radicular Neuropathy Recessive
Form Sensory Neuropathy Hereditary Type II Sensory Radicular Neuropathy
Recessive Form Radicular Neuropathy Sensory Recessive Form Charcot-Marie-Tooth
Disease Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type I Peripheral Neuropathy
Syringomyelia Roussy-Levy Syndrome }
$Volume{}
$Log{}
Copyright (C) 1991 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
798:
Neuropathy, Hereditary Sensory, Type II
** IMPORTANT **
It is possible that the main title of the article (Neuropathy, Hereditary
Sensory, Type II) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM
listing to find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this
article.
Synonyms
Congenital Sensory Neuropathy
Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type II; HSN-II
Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy Type II; HSAN-II
Hereditary Sensory Radicular Neuropathy, Recessive Form
Sensory Neuropathy, Hereditary, Type II
Sensory Radicular Neuropathy, Recessive Form
Radicular Neuropathy, Sensory, Recessive Form
Information on the following disorders can be found in the Related
Disorders section of this report:
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type I
Peripheral Neuropathy
Syringomyelia
Roussy-Levy Syndrome
General Discussion
** REMINDER **
The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
section of this report.
Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type II is a rare genetic disorder that
usually begins in childhood. Major symptoms include inflammation of the
fingers or toes especially around the nails, usually accompanied by pus and
infection (paronychia, whitlows), ulcers (open sores) of the fingers and on
the soles of the feet, and a loss of sensation noticeable in both arms and
legs.
Symptoms
Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type II is characterized by inflammation of the
fingers or toes especially around the nails, usually accompanied by pus and
infection (paronychia, whitlows) and by ulcers (open sores) of the fingers
and on the soles of the feet.
Other symptoms are loss of sensation affecting the skin, and sometimes
the muscles, tendons, or joints (kinesthetic sensation). Loss of feeling in
both the arms and legs may cause unsteady movement. In some cases, fractures
of the limbs may occur without the patient's awareness. Patients usually
have no tendon reflexes. Sweating may be impaired.
Some patients with ulcers of the fingers or toes may develop bone
complications such as osteomyelitis, or osteolysis. Left untreated, this may
lead to loss of the affected finger or toe.
Causes
Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type II is inherited as an autosomal recessive
genetic disorder. Human traits, including the classic genetic diseases, are
the product of the interaction of two genes, one received from the father and
one from the mother.
In recessive disorders, the condition does not appear unless a person
inherits the same defective gene for the same trait from each parent. If one
receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will be a
carrier for the disease, but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of
transmitting the disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are
carriers for a recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of
their children will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five
percent of their children will receive both normal genes, one from each
parent, and will be genetically normal.
Symptoms of Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type II are caused by
degeneration of nerve fibers. Diagnosis can be made by biopsy.
Affected Population
Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type II is a rare disorder present at birth
that affects males and females in equal numbers. Symptoms usually develop
during infancy or childhood.
Related Disorders
Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Hereditary
Sensory Neuropathy Type II. Comparisons may be useful for a differential
diagnosis:
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease is a rare hereditary neurological disorder
characterized by muscle atrophy and weakness most prominent in the legs and
the small muscles of the hands. A decrease in vibration, pain, and thermal
sensation in the hand, foot, and lower part of the leg may occur. Stretch
reflexes are usually absent. (For more information on this disorder, choose
"Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease" as your search term in the Rare Disease
Database).
Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type I is a rare genetic disorder
characterized by a loss of sensation usually affecting the feet and legs more
severely than the hands and forearms, and by perforating ulcers (open sores)
on the feet. Pain and temperature sensations are affected more than touch-
pressure sensation. (For more information on this disorder, choose
"Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type I" as your search term in the Rare
Disease Database).
The symptoms of Peripheral Neuropathy are produced by disease of a single
nerve (mononeuropathy, mononeuritis), several nerves in asymmetric areas of
the body (mononeuritis multiplex), or many nerves simultaneously
(polyneuropathy, polyneuritis, multiple peripheral neuritis). These symptoms
may involve sensory, motor, reflex, or blood vessel (vasomotor) function.
(For more information on these disorders, choose "neuropathy" as your search
term in the Rare Disease Database).
Syringomyelia is a rare neurological disorder characterized by a fluid-
filled cavity (syrinx) within the spinal cord. Patients with Syringomyelia
in the upper (cervical and thoracic) part of the spinal cord may first notice
loss of feeling for pain and temperature in their fingers, hands, arms, and
upper chest. In the early stages, a sense of touch is still present. A loss
of feeling may spread over the shoulders and back. Chronic progressive
degeneration of the stress-bearing part of a bone joint (Charcot joint) is
another symptom. Reflexes in the upper extremities may be absent. When the
lumbar and sacral segments of the spine are affected, spasticity, muscle
weakness, and muscular incoordination in the lower extremities as well as
paralysis of the bladder usually occur. Morvan disease is a severe form of
Syringomyelia accompanied by ulceration of fingers and toes. (For more
information on this disorder, choose "Syringomyelia" as your search term in
the Rare Disease Database).
Roussy-Levy Syndrome is a rare genetic motor sensory disorder. Major
symptoms may include a foot deformity (claw foot), muscle weakness, atrophy
of the leg muscles and tremor in the hands. (For more information on this
disorder, choose "Roussy-Levy" as your search term in the Rare Disease
Database).
Therapies: Standard
Treatment of Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type II is symptomatic and
supportive. Genetic counseling may be of benefit for patients and their
families.
Therapies: Investigational
This disease entry is based upon medical information available through June
1991. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
information about this disorder.
Resources
For more information on Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type II, please
contact:
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
P.O. Box 8923
New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
(203) 746-6518
NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20892
(301) 496-5751
(800) 352-9424
For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals:
March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
White Plains, NY 10605
(914) 428-7100
Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
Chevy Chase, MD 20815
(800) 336-GENE
(301) 652-5553
References
CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 18th Ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
Smith, Jr., Editors; W.B. Saunders Co., 1988. Pp. 2264-2265.
PAUCIFASCICULAR CONGENITAL SENSORY NEUROPATHY IN IDENTICAL TWINS. G.B.
Croall, et al., Am J Dis Child (June 1986; issue 140 (6)). Pp. 589-595.
PERSISTENT SKIN ULCERS, MUTILATIONS, AND ACRO-OSTEOLYSIS IN HEREDITARY
SENSORY AND AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY WITH PHOSPHOLIPID EXCRETION. REPORT OF A
FAMILY. M. Bockers, et al.; J Am Acad Dermatol (Oct 1989; issue 21 (4 Pt
1)). Pp. 736-739.