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$Unique_ID{BRK04033}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Myositis Ossificans}
$Subject{Myositis Ossificans Myositis Ossificans Progressiva Fibrodysplasia
Ossificans Progressiva Muenchmeyer Syndrome Patin's Syndrome Guy-Patin's
Syndrome Fibrosis Ossificans Progressiva Stone Man Scoliosis
Pseudohypoparathyroidism Martin-Albright Syndrome Seabright-Bantam Syndrome
Calcinosis Universalis }
$Volume{}
$Log{}
Copyright (C) 1987, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
366:
Myositis Ossificans
** IMPORTANT **
It is possible that the main title (Myositis Ossificans) may not be the
name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the alternate
names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders covered by this article.
Synonyms
Myositis Ossificans Progressiva
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva
Muenchmeyer Syndrome
Patin's Syndrome
Guy-Patin's Syndrome
Fibrosis Ossificans Progressiva
Stone Man
Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
Disorders section of this report:
Scoliosis
Pseudohypoparathyroidism, also known as Martin-Albright Syndrome or
Seabright-Bantam Syndrome
Calcinosis Universalis
General Discussion
** REMINDER **
The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
section of this report.
Myositis Ossificans is a rare progressive disorder marked by bone tissue-like
formations (calcifications) which occur inside skeletal muscles. Stiffening
or weakening of muscles may occur where calcifications are found. Other signs
of this disorder may include shortened fingers or toes and curvature of the
spine (scoliosis). Very rarely patients may experience deafness, baldness or
mental retardation with this disorder.
Symptoms
Myositis Ossificans causes progressive weakening or stiffening of muscles
where abnormal bone tissue-like formation (calcification) has occurred.
Bands of tissue connecting muscles together, tissues connecting tendons to
muscles, and tendons, may also become weak or stiff. Pain and tenderness
during contraction of muscles is common. In some cases, swelling resembling
bruises may appear on the skin at the site of calcifications.
In later stages, progression of the disorder may be unpredictable.
Curvature of the spine (scoliosis) can occur. In the most serious cases, the
ability to walk may be limited. Deafness, baldness or mental retardation may
occur as rare symptoms of this disorder.
Causes
Myositis Ossificans is suspected to be inherited as a dominant trait. A
non-hereditary disorder with similar muscle involvement consists of
calcifications resulting from muscle injuries. (Human traits including the
classic genetic diseases, are the product of the interaction of two genes for
that condition, one received from the father and one from the mother. In
dominant disorders, a single copy of the disease gene (received from either
the mother or father) will be expressed "dominating" the normal gene and
resulting in appearance of the disease. The risk of transmitting the disorder
from affected parent to offspring is 50% for each pregnancy regardless of the
sex of the resulting child.)
Affected Population
Only approximately 350 cases of Myositis Ossificans have been described in
medical literature in this century. This disorder usually appears before ten
years of age. Myositis Ossificans seems to affect males and females in equal
numbers.
Related Disorders
The following diseases are similar to Myositis Ossificans. Comparisons may
be useful for a differential diagnosis.
A variant of Myositis Ossificans involves calcifications developing as a
result of muscle injury which may not be related to genetic factors.
Pseudohypoparathyroidism (Martin-Albright Syndrome) is also known as
Seabright-Bantam Syndrome. This disorder is inherited as an X-linked trait.
Although normal amounts of the parathyroid hormone are present, inadequate
response to the hormone affects bone growth in Pseudohypoparathyroidism
patients. Headaches, weakness, tiring easily, lethargy and blurred vision or
sensitivity to light can occur. Unusual sensations, stiffness or cramps in
arms or legs, palpitations and abdominal pain may be noticed. A round face,
thick short stature, shortened fingers or toes, and mental deficiencies are
also found in patients with Martin-Albright Syndrome. The prognosis is good
for most patients. Hormonal and calcium replacement therapy is often useful,
but the lack of growth may persist.
Calcinosis Universalis is a skin disorder with sore or tender skin due to
excess calcium deposits. This progressive disorder can appear at any age.
The skin lesions may be accompanied by calcium deposits around joints or in
muscles. This may lead to muscle weakness and swelling. The kidneys,
stomach or lungs may also have calcium deposits. The prognosis depends on
the degree of involvement and treatment of associated infections.
The following disorders may be associated with Myositis Ossificans as
secondary characteristics. They are not necessary for a differential
diagnosis.
Scoliosis is a curvature of the spine often developing in pre- and early
adolescence. A common disorder in the United States, it tends to affect more
girls than boys. One form of Scoliosis is believed to be hereditary.
Screening for Scoliosis is often a part of the normal physical examination
provided annually to children. Early detection is helpful in stopping
progression of the disorder. (For more information on Scoliosis, please
contact the National Scoliosis Foundation. The address is listed in the
Resources Section of this report).
Therapies: Standard
Symptoms of Myositis Ossificans can usually be treated without surgery. Use
of steroid drugs and xylocaine (lidocaine) may reduce inflammation and muscle
stiffness. Use of antibiotics to treat infections is often helpful. Surgery
or biopsy of calcifications may sometimes worsen symptoms; surgery should be
performed only in the most severe cases. Intramuscular injections, muscle
injury, careless puncture of a vein or dental surgery may also make
calcifications more severe.
Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Agencies and programs
which assist handicapped individuals may be helpful to patients and their
families. Families with the hereditary form of Myositis Ossificans can
benefit from genetic counseling.
Therapies: Investigational
Sonotomography, X-ray and scintigraphy are all imaging procedures being
tested to accurately pinpoint and monitor the size of calcifications in
muscles in Myositis Ossificans. Sonograms are graphic representations of
deep structures of the body using echoes of pulses of high frequency sound
waves directed at the tissues. Scintigraphs are photographic two-dimensional
maps of gamma ray concentration in specific tissues of the body. Imaging
procedures are used at regular intervals to determine whether calcifications
continue to grow.
This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
January 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
current information about this disorder.
Resources
For more information on Myositis Ossificans, please contact:
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
P.O. Box 8923
New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
(203) 746-6518
For information about Scoliosis contact:
National Scoliosis Foundation, Inc.
72 Mount Auburn St.
Watertown, MA 02172
(617) 926-0397
The National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Information
Clearinghouse
Box AMS
Bethesda, MD 20892
(301) 495-4484
Muscular Dystrophy Association, National Office
3300 E. Sunrise Dr.
Tucson, AZ 85718
(602) 529-2000
International FOP Organization
910 North Jerico
Casselberry, FL 32707
(407) 365-4194
For information on genetics, contact and genetic counseling referrals,
please contact:
March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
1274 Mamaroneck Avenue
White Plains, NY 10605
(914) 428-7100
Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
Chevy Chase, MD 20815
(800) 336-GENE
(301) 652-5553
References
FIBRODYSPLASIA OSSIFICANS PROGRESSIVA. THE CLINICAL FEATURES AND NATURAL
HISTORY OF 34 PATIENTS: J.M. Connor, et. al.; J Bone Joint Surg [Br] (1982,
issue 64(1)). Pp. 76-83.
DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS OF MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS (AUTHOR' TRANSL):
P. Jenny, et. al.; Z Kinderchir (March 1982, issue 35(3)). Pp. 86-87.
TREATMENT OF TRAUMATIC MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS CIRCUMSCRIPTA; USE OF
ASPIRATION AND STEROIDS: J.C. Molloy, et. al.; J Trauma (Nov. 1976, issue
16(11)). Pp. 851-857.