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- $Unique_ID{BRK04020}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Muscular Dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss}
- $Subject{Muscular Dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss EMD Rigid Spine Syndrome
- Dreifuss-Emery Type Muscular Dystrophy With Contractures Tardive Muscular
- Dystrophy Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy Becker
- Muscular Dystrophy }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1992 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 590:
- Muscular Dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Emery-Dreifuss
- Muscular Dystrophy) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM
- listing to find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this
- article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- EMD
- Rigid Spine Syndrome
- Dreifuss-Emery Type Muscular Dystrophy With Contractures
- Tardive Muscular Dystrophy
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
- Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy
- Becker Muscular Dystrophy
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy is a rare, often slowly progressive
- form of muscular dystrophy affecting the muscles of the arms, legs, face,
- neck, spine and heart. Major symptoms may include muscle wasting and
- weakness particularly in the elbows, Achilles tendons, and upper back muscles
- as well as the heart.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy is usually first noticed in early
- childhood, around the age of four or five, with the onset of slowly
- progressive muscle weakness in the legs causing the child to walk on the
- toes. Shoulder muscles eventually show a marked weakness and walking takes on
- a characteristic waddle. Later the neck may be involved and the spine may
- become rigid. Heart problems are a very prominent feature and may result in
- serious complications.
-
- Causes
-
- The cause of Emery-Dreifuss is thought to be a defective gene and it is
- inherited as an X-linked trait. (Human traits including the classic genetic
- diseases, are the product of the interaction of two genes for that condition,
- one received from the father and one from the mother. X-linked recessive
- disorders are conditions which are coded on the X chromosome. Females have
- two X chromosomes, but males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
- Therefore, in females, disease traits on the X chromosome can be masked by
- the normal gene on the other X chromosome. Since males only have one X
- chromosome, if they inherit a gene for a disease present on the X, it will be
- expressed. Men with X-linked disorders transmit the gene to all their
- daughters, who are carriers, but never to their sons. Women who are carriers
- of an X-linked disorder have a fifty percent risk of transmitting the carrier
- condition to their daughters, and a fifty percent risk of transmitting the
- disease to their sons.) Recently, however, a new form of the disease has
- appeared that affects females with very similar symptoms to those of Emery-
- Dreifuss. This may suggest more than one mode of inheritance.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Emery-Dreifuss is a very rare disorder affecting males almost exclusively.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Emery-
- Dreifuss. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is characterized by damage to muscle fibers.
- It starts in very early childhood or even before birth, but visible symptoms
- of weakness generally do not appear before the age of two or three. Neck
- muscles and the large muscles of the legs and the lower trunk are the first
- to be affected. Over a period of several years, muscle wasting progresses to
- the upper trunk and the arms, eventually involving all the major muscle
- groups. Usually around the age of eight or nine, the child is no longer able
- to stand or walk. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy has an X-linked recessive
- pattern of inheritance affecting boys almost exclusively. (For more
- information on this disorder, choose "Duchenne" as your search term in the
- Rare Disease Database).
-
- Myotonic Dystrophy is an inherited disorder involving the muscles,
- vision, and endocrine glands. It may also produce mental deficiency and loss
- of hair. It usually begins during young adulthood and is marked initially by
- an inability to relax muscles after contraction. Loss of muscle strength,
- mental deficiency, cataracts, reduction of testicular function, and frontal
- baldness are also symptomatic of this disorder. Tripping, falling,
- difficulty in moving the neck, lack of facial expression and a nasal sounding
- voice are among many symptoms that can result from selective muscle
- involvement. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Myotonic
- Dystrophy" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Becker Muscular Dystrophy is a late onset, X-linked, type of muscular
- atrophy. Usually developing in young men during their twenties or thirties,
- it has a slowly progressive, relatively mild course.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Emery-Dreifuss may include physical therapy and active and
- passive exercise. Agencies which provide services to handicapped people and
- their families may be of benefit. In the case of serious heart involvement
- cardiac pacemakers are usually implanted and treatment with antiarrhythmic
- drugs may become necessary. Genetic counseling will be of benefit to
- families affected by this disorder. Other treatment is symptomatic and
- supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Heart transplantation has been attempted in Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy
- patients with serious cases of heart involvement. More research is required
- to determine the long-term outcome of this procedure on patients with this
- form of muscular dystrophy.
-
- Clinical trials are underway to define the functionally impaired cardiac
- and skeletal muscle physiology and the cardiac status of carrier females.
- Interested persons may wish to contact:
-
- Louis J. Elsas, II, M.D.
- Emory University, Division of Medical Genetics
- 2040 Ridgewood Drive
- Atlanta, GA 30322
- (404) 727-5863
-
- to see if further patients are needed for this research.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- January 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Muscular Dystrophy Association, National Office
- 3300 E. Sunrise Dr.
- Tucson, AZ 85718
- (602) 529-2000
-
- Muscular Dystrophy Group of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- Nattrass House
- 35 Macaulay Road
- London, England SW4 0QP
- 01-720-8055
-
- Society for Muscular Dystrophy International
- P.O. Box 479
- Bridgewater, Nova Scotia, Canada B4V 2X6
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- For Genetic Information and genetic counseling referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 7th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
- University Press, 1986. Pp.1432-1433.
-
- X-LINKED MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY WITH EARLY CONTRACTURES AND CARDIOMYOPATHY
- (EMERY-DREIFUSS TYPE). A. E. Emery, Clin Genet (November, 1987, issue 32
- (5)). Pp. 360-367.
-
- CARDIOLOGIC EVALUATION IN A FAMILY WITH EMERY-DREIFUSS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY. G.
- Pinelli, et al.; G. Ital Cardiol (July, 1987, issue 17 7)). Pp. 589-593.
-
- LETHAL CARDIAC CONDUCTION DEFECTS IN EMERY-DREIFUSS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY.
- A. H. Oswald, et al.; S Aft Med J (October, 1987, issue 72 (8) ). Pp. 567-
- 570.
-
-