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$Unique_ID{BRK04016}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Mumps}
$Subject{Mumps Parotitis Infective Parotitis Meningitis Orchitis Arthritis
Infectious Oophoritis Pancreatitis}
$Volume{}
$Log{}
Copyright (C) 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
741:
Mumps
** IMPORTANT **
It is possible that the main title of the article (Mumps) is not the name
you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the alternate names
and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
Synonyms
Parotitis
Infective Parotitis
Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
Disorders section of this report:
Meningitis
Orchitis
Arthritis, Infectious
Oophoritis
Pancreatitis
General Discussion
** REMINDER **
The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
section of this report.
Mumps is an acute viral illness that causes a painful inflammation and
swelling of the saliva glands. These glands include the parotid,
submaxillary, sublingual and buccal salivary glands. Mumps used to be a
common infectious disease of childhood until a vaccine was developed in 1967
to immunize children against the virus that causes the disorder. However,
recent outbreaks of mumps among adolescents and young adults have raised
questions about lifetime immunity from the vaccine.
Symptoms
Mumps is a very contagious viral illness that has an incubation period of
about 14-24 days after exposure. The onset of this illness is characterized
by headache, loss of appetite, a general feeling of ill-health (malaise), and
a low to moderate fever. Within 24 hours the temperature may suddenly rise
to about 104 degrees Fahrenheit and be associated with a painful swelling of
the parotid glands in front of the ears and under the jaw. In most cases,
the salivary glands on both sides of the jaw are affected. The submaxillary
and sublingual glands (principally in the floor of the mouth) and the buccal
glands (that are scattered beneath the mucous membranes of the cheeks) may
also be swollen and tender. The skin over the affected area may be
stretched, opening the mouth can be difficult, and there may be a sensitivity
to pressure on the jaw. Chewing and swallowing is painful and foods that are
sour or acidic should be avoided. The disease lasts between 5 to 6 days and
usually results in a lifelong immunity to the virus.
Mumps can involve other organs especially in those people past puberty.
Males who contract mumps can develop a painful inflammation of the testes.
This inflammation can damage the testes and may cause sterility. Females
with mumps can develop inflammation of the ovaries (oophoritis).
Causes
Mumps is a contagious disease that is caused by a virus. It is transmitted
through saliva by direct contact, or in the form of airborne droplets from
the nose, throat or mouth. The virus enters the body through the upper
respiratory tract.
Affected Population
Since the mumps vaccine was developed in 1967, this disorder has become an
uncommon viral disease. It affects males and females in equal numbers. If a
person is not immunized against mumps the disease will occur most often in
children between the ages of five and fifteen, but adults can also be
affected. In recent years there have been outbreaks of mumps on college
campuses in the United States which has raised question about long-term
immunity from the mumps vaccine. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) is
trying to determine whether people during specific years should be re-
vaccinated.
Related Disorders
People with Mumps may develop the following disorders as a complication of
this disease:
Infectious Arthritis may occur as a complication of mumps. It is
characterized by fever, chills, general weakness and headaches, followed by
inflammation of one or more joints. The affected joint or joints often
become painful, swollen, slightly red, and stiff within hours or days. (For
more information on this disorder, choose "Arthritis, Infectious" as your
search term in the Rare Disease Database).
Meningioencephalitis can be a complication of mumps. It is characterized
by inflammation of the membranes (meninges) around the brain or spinal cord
and also the brain tissue. It can begin suddenly (acute) or develop
gradually (subacute). (For more information on this disorder, choose
"Meningitis" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
Orchitis causes very painful swelling of the testes, headache, nausea and
vomiting. This infection can cause damage to the testes which may include
wasting (atrophy) and sterility.
Oophoritis is a painful inflammation of the ovaries. It is characterized
by lower abdominal pain, vaginal discharge or irregular bleeding. Excessive
menstrual bleeding may also be symptomatic of this disorder.
Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas. Pancreatitis can be
caused by many different conditions or infections including mumps. The
pancreas produces enzymes to help break down carbohydrates and proteins
during digestion. It is characterized by nausea and vomiting, fever, chills,
severe abdominal pain and abdominal distention.
Therapies: Standard
Mumps is a self-limiting disease that requires little or no treatment. A
soft, bland diet may help the pain caused by chewing. Acetaminophen
(e.g.,Tylenol), given every 4 hours, will help reduce the fever and pain.
Aspirin should NOT be given to children with Mumps because it can cause
Reye's Syndrome. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Reye
Syndrome" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
Cases of the Mumps have been greatly reduced with the introduction of the
live attenuated mumps virus vaccine in 1967. All children should be
immunized with this vaccine. It can be given singularly or together with the
measles and rubella vaccine (MMR), around 15 months of age.
Because of recent outbreaks of measles, mumps, and rubella in those
persons previously immunized, lifetime immunity with only one vaccination is
in question. It may be advisable to ask a pediatrician whether a second
immunization be given before entering school. Adults who have been exposed
to mumps or question their immunity to the mumps virus, should consider being
immunized as a precaution.
Therapies: Investigational
This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
January 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
current information about this disorder.
Resources
For more information on Mumps, please contact:
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
P.O. Box 8923
New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
(203) 746-6518
NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20892
(301) 496-5717
Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
1600 Clifton Road NE
Atlanta, GA 30333
(404) 329-3534
References
INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown and
Co., 1987. Pp. 1580-1582.
THE MERCK MANUAL, Volume 2, 14th Ed.: Robert Berkow, M.D., ed-in-chief;
Merck, Sharp & Dohme Laboratories., 1982. Pp. 2039-2041.
MUMPS IN THE WORKPLACE. FURTHER EVIDENCE OF THE CHANGING EPIDEMIOLOGY OF
A CHILDHOOD VACCINE-PREVENTABLE DISEASE. K. Kaplan, et al.; JAMA (September
9, 1988; issue 260(10)). Pp. 1434-1438.
A LARGE OUTBREAK OF MUMPS IN THE POSTVACCINE ERA. M. Wharton, et al.; J
INFECT DIS (December 1988; issue 158(6)). Pp. 1253-1260.
ADULT IMMUNIZATION. J. Korn, et al.; PRIM CARE (March 1989; issue
16(1)). Pp. 177-196.
IMMUNIZATIONS DURING THE ADOLESCENT YEARS. R. Brookman; PRIM CARE (March
1987; issue 14(1)). Pp. 25-39.
VACCINE PREVENTABLE DISEASES ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES: THE EMERGENCE OF MUMPS.
W. Williams, et al.; J AM COLL HEALTH (March 1989; issue 37(5)). Pp. 197-
203.