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- $Unique_ID{BRK04010}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Mountain Sickness, Acute}
- $Subject{Mountain Sickness, Acute AMS Mountain Sickness High Altitude Illness
- Hypoxia Puna Soroche Mareo High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) High Altitude
- Cerebral Edema (HACE) Subacute Infantile Mountain Sickness }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 619:
- Mountain Sickness, Acute
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Acute Mountain
- Sickness) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to
- find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- AMS
- Mountain Sickness
- High Altitude Illness
- Hypoxia
- Puna
- Soroche
- Mareo
-
- Disorder Subdivisions:
-
- High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE)
- High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE)
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Subacute Infantile Mountain Sickness
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Acute Mountain Sickness is a group of symptoms that may occur in some
- people who ascend rapidly to altitudes higher than 8200 ft. (2500 m). Major
- symptoms may include headaches, nausea, vomiting, and insomnia.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Acute Mountain Sickness may occur during the first 8 to 24 hours after a
- person reaches a high elevation (altitude). The occurrence, severity, and
- duration of Acute Mountain Sickness varies with the rate and ultimate height
- of the climb and with an individual's susceptibility. Headache, poor
- appetite, nausea, vomiting, tiredness, and poor sleep may occur. There may
- be abnormal sounds during breathing (rales), bleeding of the retina (light-
- sensitive layer inside the eye), and excess fluid under the skin (peripheral
- edema). Decreased urination (oliguria), inability to coordinate voluntary
- muscle movements (ataxia), and impaired thinking may also occur. Severe
- (Chronic) Mountain Sickness patients may develop oxygen-deficient tissues
- (hypoxia) and excessive amounts of red blood cells (polycythemia).
-
- Causes
-
- Symptoms of Acute Mountain Sickness occur because there is less oxygen at
- higher altitudes, and the body's tissues receive less oxygen. People may be
- susceptible to Acute Mountain Sickness if their cells need more oxygen than
- normal or if they cannot tolerate decreased oxygen levels at high altitudes.
- People that urinate infrequently are especially susceptible to Acute Mountain
- Sickness.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Acute Mountain Sickness affects males and females in equal numbers when they
- ascend to high altitudes very rapidly.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Acute Mountain
- Sickness. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Subacute Infantile Mountain Sickness is a severe disorder of infants. It
- may occur when infants are born at low altitudes and then taken to higher
- elevations. Thickening of the arteries to the lungs and enlargement of their
- openings may occur. There may also be thickening and enlargement of the
- cavities of the heart.
-
- The following disorders may be associated with Acute Mountain Sickness as
- secondary characteristics. They are not necessary for a differential
- diagnosis:
-
- High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) is a severe complication of Acute
- Mountain Sickness which involves high levels of fluids, proteins and cells in
- the lung. Symptoms may include breathing difficulties, coughing, abnormal
- sounds during breathing, and rapid heart beat. The skin may turn blue or
- purple (cyanosis). Headaches, vomiting, memory problems, disorientation,
- loss of consciousness, bleeding of the retina, and excessive fluid in the
- optic disks (papilledema) may also occur.
-
- High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE) is a severe consequence of Acute
- Mountain Sickness which involves extra fluid in the brain. It may occur when
- the central nervous system is deprived of oxygen. Symptoms may include
- headaches, inability to coordinate voluntary muscle movements (ataxia), and
- loss of consciousness. Double vision (diplopia), visual and auditory
- (hearing) hallucinations, and papilledema may also occur.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Descending from a high altitude is the most successful treatment for Acute
- Mountain Sickness. For mild cases, rest, frequent small meals, no alcohol,
- and acetaminophen for headache may be all that is needed. Dexamethasone, an
- anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic drug, and the diuretic acetazolamide may
- be used for more severe cases. To prevent Acute Mountain Sickness , a slow
- climb, staying 2 to 5 days at a middle altitude (staging), or the use of the
- drug dexamethasone or acetazolamide may be recommended.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Researchers are investigating oxygen therapy and the combination of
- dexamethasone and acetazolamide for the treatment of Acute Mountain Sickness.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- April 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Acute Mountain Sickness, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
- Public Affairs Office
- P.O. Box 12233
- Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
- (919) 541-3345
-
- References
-
- CURRENT CONCEPTS: ACUTE MOUNTAIN SICKNESS: T.S. Johnson, et al.; N Engl J
- Med (September 29, 1988: issue 319(13)). Pp. 841-845.
-
- CLINICAL FEATURES OF PATIENTS WITH HIGH-ALTITUDE PULMONARY EDEMA IN
- JAPAN: T. Kobayashi et al.; Chest (November, 1987: issue 92(5)). Pp. 814-
- 821.
-
- HIGH ALTITUDE CEREBRAL OEDEMA: C. Clarke; Int J Sports Med (April, 1988:
- issue 9(2)). Pp. 170-174.
-
-