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- $Unique_ID{BRK04007}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Moebius Syndrome}
- $Subject{Moebius Syndrome Mobius Syndrome Congenital Facial Diplegia Syndrome
- Congenital Oculofacial Paralysis Facioscapulohumoral Muscular Dystrophy }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 451:
- Moebius Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Moebius Syndrome) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next page to
- find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders covered by
- this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Mobius Syndrome
- Congenital Facial Diplegia Syndrome
- Congenital Oculofacial Paralysis
-
- Information on the following disease can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Facioscapulohumoral Muscular Dystrophy
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Moebius Syndrome is a hereditary disorder predominately characterized by
- paralysis of the face. Facial nerve development is absent or diminished
- causing abnormalities of the facial muscles and jaw. Other central nervous
- system dysfunctions may cause abnormalities in the hands, hips, and feet.
- This disorder is thought to be genetic and is present at birth. Mental
- retardation occurs in approximately ten percent of cases.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Moebius Syndrome is identifiable at birth by a masklike expression most
- apparent during crying or laughing. The mouth and eyes may remain open
- during sleep due to facial nerve or muscle abnormalities. Eyes may become
- ulcerated because they are not lubricated with sufficient tears in the
- absence of blinking. Facial weakness or paralysis may cause difficulty in
- feeding during infancy and later can contribute to speech problems. Muscle
- paralysis can also cause oral fluid secretions to be breathed into the lungs
- possibly leading to bronchopneumonia. Abnormal skin folds on each side of
- the nose next to the eyes (epicanthus), abnormally small eyes, and defective
- development of the jaw and tongue may also occur.
-
- Children with this disorder may have more than five or fewer than five
- fingers on a hand. Fingers may also be webbed, stiffened, and/or shortened.
- Toes may also be stiffened in some cases, clubfeet may be present, and the
- hips may be dislocated at birth. This disorder may also occur in conjunction
- with Poland Syndrome. (For more information on this disorder, choose
- "Poland" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Causes
-
- Moebius Syndrome is thought to be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.
- (Human traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of the
- interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from the father and
- one from the mother. In dominant disorders, a single copy of the disease
- gene (received from either the mother or father) will be expressed
- "dominating" the normal gene and resulting in appearance of the disease. The
- risk of transmitting the disorder from affected parent to offspring is 50%
- for each pregnancy regardless of the sex of the resulting child.) Symptoms
- may be caused by incomplete development of facial nerves, other cranial
- nerves, and other parts of the central nervous system.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Moebius Syndrome is present at birth and affects males and females in equal
- numbers. It is a very rare birth defect.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorder can be similar to those of Moebius
- Syndrome. Comparison may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Facioscapulohumoral Muscular Dystrophy, also known as Landouzy-Dejerine
- Muscular Dystrophy, involves muscle weakness and wasting of the face,
- shoulders, and arms. This disorder is genetic and usually begins between
- nine and twenty years of age although it can begin during early childhood.
- The face is masklike, flattened and expressionless. Patients are often
- unable to raise their arms above the head. Shoulder blades are prominent.
- In later stages, weakness extends to the pelvis and legs.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Moebius Syndrome involves muscle transfer surgery or cosmetic
- surgery. Abnormal eye muscle alignment due to paralyzed muscles and other
- muscle abnormalities affecting the face, jaw, hands and/or feet may be
- corrected. Local eye medication may be helpful if eyes become too dry or
- ulcerated. A special diet may help prevent aspiration of fluid into the
- lungs and tube feeding may be necessary during infancy to maintain good
- nutrition. Speech therapy in conjunction with corrective vocal cord surgery
- may improve articulation. Genetic counseling will be of benefit for patients
- and their families. Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through March
- 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Moebius Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Moebius Syndrome Support Group
- 6449 Gerald Ave.
- Van Nuys, CA 91406
- (818) 908-9288
-
- Moebius Syndrome Support Group
- 21 Shields Rd.
- Whitley Bay, Tyne and Wear, NE25, 8UT, England
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- Association for Congenital Facial Paralysis
- 928 Hanover Lane
- Dyer, IN 46311
-
- FACES
- National Association for the Craniofacially Handicapped
- P.O. Box 11082
- Chattanooga, TN 37401
- (615) 266-1632
-
- Society for the Rehabilitation of the Facially Disfigured, Inc.
- 550 First Avenue
- New York, NY 10016
- (212) 340-5400
-
- About Face
- 99 Crowns Lane
- Toronto, Ontario M6R 3PA
- Canada
- (416) 944-3223
-
- For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
- contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLE APLASIA IN MOEBIUS SYNDROME: E.I. Traboulsi, et al.; J
- Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus (May-June 1986, issue 23(3)). Pp. 120-122.
-
- ABNORMAL B.A.E.P. IN A FAMILY WITH MOEBIUS SYNDROME: EVIDENCE FOR
- SUPRANUCLEAR LESION: M. Stabile, et al.; Clin Genet (May 1984, issue 25(5)).
- Pp. 459-463.
-
- MOEBIUS SYNDROME. CASE REPORT WAS A 30-YEAR FOLLOW-UP: D.C. Morello, et
- al.; Plast Reconstr Surg (September 1977, issue 60(3)). Pp. 451-453.
-
-