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- $Unique_ID{BRK03939}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Lichen Planus}
- $Subject{Lichen Planus Csillag's Disease Guttate Morphea Guttate Scleroderma
- Lichen Planus Sclerosus Atrophicus Zambusch's Disease von Zambusch's Disease
- White Spot Disease Hallopeau's Disease I Lichen Ruber Planus }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1989, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 229:
- Lichen Planus
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Lichen Planus) is not the
- name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing the find the alternate
- names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Csillag's Disease
- Guttate Morphea
- Guttate Scleroderma
- Lichen Planus Sclerosus Atrophicus
- Zambusch's Disease, also known as von Zambusch's Disease
- White Spot Disease
- Hallopeau's Disease I
- Lichen Ruber Planus
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Lichen Planus is a recurrent, itchy, inflammatory eruption of the skin
- which is characterized by small separate, angular spots that may coalesce
- into rough scaly patches. It is often accompanied by oral lesions. Women
- are most commonly affected by the disorder.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Onset of Lichen Planus may be abrupt or gradual. The initial attack persists
- for weeks or months, and intermittent recurrences may be noted for years.
- The primary spots are 2 to 4 mm in diameter with angular borders, a violet
- color and a distinct sheen in cross-lighting. Rarely, blisters may develop.
- Moderate to severe itching may be present, and it often does not respond to
- treatment.
-
- The lesions are usually distributed symmetrically, most commonly on the
- joint surfaces of the wrists and on the legs, trunk, glans penis, and mucous
- membrane of the mouth and vagina. Lesions are occasionally generalized, but
- the face is rarely involved. The lesions may become large, scaly and warty
- (Hypertrophic Lichen Planus), particularly on the lower legs. During the
- acute phase, new spots may appear along a site of minor skin injury such as a
- superficial scratch. Hyperpigmentation and sometimes atrophy may develop as
- lesions persist. Rarely, a patchy scarring baldness of the scalp is present.
-
- The mucous membrane of the mouth is involved in approximately 50% of
- patients with Lichen Planus, often before skin lesions develop. The mucous
- membrane of the cheek, tongue margins and in areas without teeth show
- asymptomatic ill-defined bluish-white linear lesions; these lesions may be
- net-like at first and increase in size in an angular configuration. An
- erosive form may occur in which the patient complains of shallow, often
- painful recurrent ulcerations of the mouth. Chronic increases in severity
- and remissions are common.
-
- Causes
-
- The cause of Lichen Planus is not known. Some metals such as arsenic,
- bismuth, gold, or exposure to certain chemicals used in developing color-
- photography may cause an eruption indistinguishable from Lichen Planus.
- Quinacrine taken for long period of time may produce hypertrophic Lichen
- Planus of the lower legs as well as other dermatological and systemic
- disturbances.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Lichen Planus affects 6 to 7 times as many women as men. Onset usually
- occurs around 40 to 50 years of age. Children are rarely affected.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Candidiasis is a chronic infection of the skin, nails, scalp, and mucous
- membranes. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Candidiasis" as
- your search term in the Rare Disease Database.
-
- Erythema Multiforme is an inflammatory eruption characterized by
- symmetric red, swollen or blistery lesions of the skin and mucous membranes.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Asymptomatic Lichen Planus does not require treatment. If a drug or chemical
- is suspected to be the cause, its use should be discontinued. In symptomatic
- Lichen Planus, antihistamines may decrease itching. Localized itchy or
- hypertrophic areas may be treated with triamcinolone acetonide suspension
- diluted with saline and superficially injected into the lesion, or with
- occlusive corticosteroid therapy. Tretinoid solution may also be beneficial
- in treating Lichen Planus. For erosive oral lesions, viscous lidocaine
- mouthwashes before meals and triamcinolone acetonide in emollient dental
- paste may be helpful.
-
- Erosive oral lesions and widespread severely itchy skin lesions often
- require a systemic corticosteroid such as oral prednisone. Unfortunately,
- skin lesions may return after systemic prednisone has been stopped. In this
- case, continued low dosage of a systemic corticosteroid may be tried.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- In a 1989 study of thirteen patients with Lichen Planus who had not responded
- to other therapies, the investigational drug Temarotene appeared to help most
- patients after four to six months of therapy. Temarotene (RO-15-0778) is
- manufactured by Hoffman LaRoche. More research is needed to determine the
- safety and effectiveness of this drug.
-
- Scientists are studying the use of Cyclosporine (a drug that suppresses the
- immune system, normally used by organ transplant patients) on Lichen Planus.
- Rubbed into the skin three times each day, preliminary tests indicate that
- cyclosporine may be an effective treatment in Lichen Planus. More study is
- needed, however, to determine long-term safety and effective treatment for
- this disorder.
-
- Cyclosporine is also being investigated as a mouth wash treatment for
- patients with oral Lichen Planus. Preliminary studies suggest that this drug
- may be an effective treatment for oral symptoms. It is also used
- experimentally on certain autoimmune disorders since modification of the
- immune system may stop antibodies from attacking normal tissue. The drug is
- manufactured by Sandoz drugs.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- August 1990 . Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Lichen Planus, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- The National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Information
- Clearinghouse
- Box AMS
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 495-4484
-
- References
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL 15th ed: R. Berkow, et al: eds; Merck, Sharp & Dohme
- Research Laboratories, 1987. P. 2286.
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 18th ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Eds.: W. B. Saunders Co., 1988. Pp. 2326-8.
-
- EFFECT OF TOPICAL CYCLOSPORINE RINSE ON ORAL LICHEN PLANUS, A Double-Blind
- Analysis, Drore Eisen, et al.; N Eng J Med (August 2, 1990, issue 323 ( )).
- Pp. 290-2394.
-
-