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- $Unique_ID{BRK03936}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Leukodystrophy, Canavan's}
- $Subject{Leukodystrophy, Canavan's Spongy Degeneration of the Brain Van
- Bogaert-Bertrand Syndrome Familial Idiocy with Spongy Degeneration of Neuraxis
- Canavan-Van Bogaert-Bertrand Disease Canavan's Disease Spongy Degeneration
- Spongy Degeneration of CNS Spongy Degeneration of White Matter Spongy Disease
- Van Bogaert-Bertrand Type Spongy Degeneration }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 157:
- Leukodystrophy, Canavan's
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Canavan's
- Leukodystrophy) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS
- listing to find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this
- article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Spongy Degeneration of the Brain
- Van Bogaert-Bertrand Syndrome
- Familial Idiocy with Spongy Degeneration of Neuraxis
- Canavan-Van Bogaert-Bertrand Disease
- Canavan's Disease
- Spongy Degeneration
- Spongy Degeneration of CNS
- Spongy Degeneration of White Matter
- Spongy Disease
- Van Bogaert-Bertrand Type Spongy Degeneration
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section.
-
-
- Canavan's Leukodystrophy is a rare brain disease affecting infants which
- usually becomes evident after the first six months of life. Individuals with
- this disorder lack sufficient quantities of an enzyme known as aspartoacylase
- which is responsible for breaking down a chemical (N-acetylaspartic acid or
- NAA) present in high concentrations in the brain. The appropriate breakdown
- of this chemical may either prevent damaging buildup in the brain or trigger
- chemical reactions necessary for proper brain function. A slow progressive
- degeneration of the brain occurs in this type of Leukodystrophy, as well as
- progressive paralysis and blindness.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Onset of Canavan's Leukodystrophy is in early infancy, with the loss of
- previously acquired skills. The first symptoms include feeding difficulties,
- progressive mental retardation, apathy, muscular flaccidity (floppiness) and
- weakness, especially in the muscles supporting the head. The head becomes
- progressively enlarged as the brain swells and the bones of the skull fail to
- fuse normally. Vision, and sometimes hearing, deteriorate due to nerve
- degeneration. Spasticity and paralysis develop. Mental deterioration
- progresses with time.
-
- Neurologic examination reveals decreased muscle tone (floppiness) and
- optic atrophy. The brain itself is enlarged. Cyst-like spaces pervade the
- white matter, and the myelin sheath "insulating" the neuron's axons is
- destroyed in most parts of the brain.
-
- Computerized axial tomography (CAT scan) demonstrates severe white matter
- changes, and helps to rule out hydrocephalus. Pneumonia may develop due to
- depressed chest movement while breathing.
-
- Causes
-
- Canavan's Leukodystrophy is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. (Human
- traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of the
- interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from the father and
- one from the mother. In recessive disorders, the condition does not appear
- unless a person inherits the same defective gene from each parent. If one
- receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will be a
- carrier for the disease, but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of
- transmitting the disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are
- carriers for a recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of
- their children will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five
- percent of their children will receive both normal genes, one from each parent
- and will be genetically normal.)
-
- Affected Population
-
- Canavan's Leukodystrophy affects people of East European Jewish ancestry. The
- disorder is familial; infants of both sexes are affected.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Alexander's Disease is an infantile form of leukodystrophy characterized by an
- enlarged brain, mental retardation, failure to thrive, spasticity and possibly
- seizures.
-
- Adrenoleukodystrophy (Schilder's Disease or Schilder's Encephalitis
- Periaxalis Diffusa) is a rare, sex-linked recessive metabolic disorder that
- occurs in males and is characterized by adrenal atrophy and widespread,
- diffuse demyelination (destruction of the myelin sheath of nerve cells). This
- produces mental deterioration, corticospinal dysfunction and blindness.
-
- For more information on the above disorders, choose "Alexander" and
- "Adrenoleukodystrophy" as your search terms in the Rare Disease Database.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Canavan's Leukodystrophy is symptomatic and supportive.
- Discomfort may be alleviated by means of supportive care.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- The enzyme responsible for Canavan's Leukodystrophy has been identified. This
- finding may lead to the development of prenatal diagnostic tests and possibly
- development of therapies to treat this disorder. A study is underway to
- establish reliable diagnostic urine, blood and enzymatic tests for Canavan's
- patients. A group of researchers is currently doing studies on peroxisomal
- diseases such as Canavan's Leukodystrophy. They seek to obtain blood and
- urine samples, and possibly skin biopsies, from affected patients and
- families. Liver biopsy tissue and tissues obtained postmortem can also be
- extremely valuable in furthering this research. Prior arrangements are
- advisable for the latter. These studies are for research purposes only. They
- offer no immediate promise of any help for affected children, nor of improved
- counseling for families. For more information, please contact:
-
- Dr. Anne B. Johnson
- Dept. of Pathology--K427
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine
- 1300 Morris Park Avenue
- Bronx, NY 10461
- (212) 430-2492
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- April 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Canavan's Leukodystrophy, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- United Leukodystrophy Foundation
- 2304 Highland Drive
- Sycamore, IL 60178
- (815) 895-3211
- (800) 728-5483
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- Association Europeenne contre les Leucodystrophies
- 7 Rue Pasteur
- 54000 NANCY
- France
-
- National Foundation for Jewish Genetic Diseases
- 250 Park Avenue
- New York, NY 10177
- (212) 682-5550
-
- National Tay-Sachs and Allied Diseases Association, Inc.
- 2001 Beacon St, Rm. 304
- Brookline, MA 02164
- (617) 277-4463 or 277-3965
-
- For more information on genetics and genetic counseling, please contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 18th ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Eds.: W. B. Saunders Co., 1988. P. 2216.
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL 15th ed: R. Berkow, et al: eds; Merck, Sharp & Dohme
- Research Laboratories, 1987. P. 1013.
-
-