home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- $Unique_ID{BRK03923}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Legionnaire's Disease}
- $Subject{Legionnaire's Disease Legionellosis Pontiac Fever }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 193:
- Legionnaire's Disease
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Legionnaire's Disease) is
- not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Legionellosis
- Pontiac Fever
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Legionnaire's Disease is recognized as an acute respiratory pneumonia
- caused by the aerobic gram-negative microorganism, Legionella pneumophila,
- and other species. This microorganism may also affect other body systems.
- Afflicted patients may have pulmonary (lung and bronchi), gastrointestinal
- tract, and central nervous system complications. Renal insufficiency may
- occur occasionally and can be severe enough to require dialysis.
-
- Symptoms
-
- The primary symptoms associated with Legionnaire's Disease appear to be
- pneumonia including a shaking chill, sharp pain in the involved side of the
- chest, cough with sputum or phlegm production, fever of up to 105 degrees F,
- and, in some cases, rapid and painful respiration. Abdominal pain, diarrhea,
- neurological signs such as headache, confusion, lethargy or agitation may
- also be present. Laboratory data may include an abnormal liver function
- test, low phosphorus in the blood (hypophosphatemia), blood in the urine
- (hematuria), and low blood sodium (hyponatremia).
-
- Causes
-
- Legionnaire's Disease is caused by the bacterium Legionella Pneumophila which
- has been isolated from cooling towers, evaporative condensers and air
- conditioning systems where there have been outbreaks of disease. However, it
- has also been found is sites where there has been no association with the
- illness. While the peak period of occurrence for the disorder is during the
- late summer months, Legionnaire's Disease may occur throughout the year.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Persons 50 years of age and older are at increased risk of acquiring
- Legionnaire's Disease.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is characterized by breathing
- difficulties, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and some neurological difficulties.
- Abnormal liver function test results, hypophosphatemia (low phosphorus level
- in the blood), and hematuria (blood in the urine) may also be present.
-
- Hyponatremia (low blood sodium) within five days of the onset of
- pneumonia occurs more frequently in Legionnaire's Disease than in other forms
- of pneumonia.
-
- Pontiac fever can be caused by the same Legionella species responsible
- for Legionnaire's Disease. This disorder is characterized by high fever,
- chills, myalgias (muscle pain) and headache, but without pneumonia or cough
- which are present in Legionnaire's Disease. Pontiac Fever also has a shorter
- incubation period (5-66 hours) than Legionnaire's Disease (1-18 days).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Patients afflicted with Legionnaire's Disease may develop respiratory
- compromise requiring artificial ventilation and positive end expiratory
- pressure respirators to maintain adequate oxygenation. Erythromycin is the
- drug treatment of choice. In more severe cases, rifampin may be used in
- conjunction with erythromycin. Tetracycline may be substituted if the
- patient is allergic to erythromycin.
-
- While the outbreak of Legionnaire's Disease has only occasionally been
- associated with a contaminated water system, appropriate treatment of the
- water system is recommended if this is the case.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- September 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Legionnaire's disease, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
- 1600 Clifton Road, NE
- Atlanta, GA 30333
- (404) 639-3534
-
- NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5717
-
- References
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 18th ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Eds.: W. B. Saunders Co., 1988. P. 1570.
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL 15th ed: R. Berkow, et al: eds; Merck, Sharp & Dohme
- Research Laboratories, 1987. P. 665.
-
-