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- $Unique_ID{BRK03919}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Laurence-Moon-Biedl Syndrome}
- $Subject{Laurence-Moon-Biedl Syndrome Bardet-Biedl Syndrome Laurence-Biedl
- Syndrome Laurence-Moon Syndrome Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl Syndrome
- Adipogenital-Retinitis Pigmentosa-Polydactyly Syndrome LMB Syndrome }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1987, 1989, 1990 National Organization for Rare
- Disorders, Inc.
-
- 104:
- Laurence-Moon-Biedl Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Laurence-Moon-Biedl
- Syndrome) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to
- find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Bardet-Biedl Syndrome
- Laurence-Biedl Syndrome
- Laurence-Moon Syndrome
- Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl Syndrome
- Adipogenital-Retinitis Pigmentosa-Polydactyly Syndrome
- LMB Syndrome
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section.
-
-
- Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome (LMB) is characterized by abnormalities of
- the retina, often leading to blindness, mental retardation, delayed or absent
- sexual maturation, obesity, and the presence of extra fingers or toes. Other
- anomalies or illness, especially of the kidney, may accompany these features.
- Almost 600 cases have been reported. Boys are affected twice as often as
- girls. The disorder is hereditary. Some researchers feel that Laurence-
- Moon-Bardet syndrome actually comprises two distinct syndromes, Laurence-Moon
- and Bardet-Biedl; the similarities between them, however, warrant considering
- them as one entity, at least until more information about how the various
- features develop becomes available.
-
- Symptoms
-
- The cardinal characteristics of Laurence-Moon-Biedl Syndrome are retinitis
- pigmentosa (a disorder of the pigmented, light sensitive layer of the eye),
- mental retardation, hypogonadism (underdevelopment of the testes and
- ovaries), obesity from childhood due an unusually good appetite, and
- polydactyly (presence of extra digits). (For more information on retinitis
- pigmentosa, choose "RP" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- The earliest manifestations usually appear in childhood and include
- evidence of mental retardation and diminished night vision. Central vision,
- then peripheral vision deteriorate. Three quarters of LMB patients are blind
- by their early twenties. Cataracts, strabismus, and unusually small eyes
- also frequently occur. The other cardinal symptoms do not progress.
-
- Associated with hypogonadism is delayed puberty and delayed development
- of secondary sex characteristics such as body hair, facial hair and voice
- changes in males, and breasts in females. Boys may have fat accumulations
- resembling breasts, and fail to develop sperm. Girls may fail to develop
- breasts or menstruate.
-
- Various other abnormalities are found in some patients. Neuromuscular
- abnormalities include ataxia, problems coordinating muscle movements,
- paralysis of certain muscles, and rigidity or spasticity. There may be
- diabetes and malformations of the skull or urogenital tract. Kidney disease
- is common including abnormalities of renal structure, function, or both.
- Very rarely, the individual has congenital heart defects.
-
- LMB can be diagnosed if retinal degeneration and three of the other
- cardinal features are present.
-
- Causes
-
- Laurence-Moon-Biedl Syndrome appears to be transmitted by one or two
- autosomal recessive genes on the same chromosome. Hypogonadism may be due to
- unresponsiveness of the gonads to sex hormones. The cause of the abnormal
- appetite is not known, although obesity is often associated with delayed
- sexual maturation.
-
- Human traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of
- the interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from the father
- and one from the mother. In recessive disorders, the condition does not
- appear unless a person inherits the same defective gene from each parent. If
- one receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will be
- a carrier for the disease, but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of
- transmitting the disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are
- carriers for a recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of
- their children will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five
- percent of their children will receive both normal genes, one from each
- parent and will be genetically normal.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Alstrom syndrome has similar symptoms, but there is no mental retardation,
- and there are no extra fingers or toes; instead, the individual has nerve
- deafness, baldness, and metabolic abnormalities. Weiss syndrome is
- characterized by deafness, hypogonadism, obesity, and mental retardation.
- Biemond II syndrome resembles LMB except that eye abnormalities consist of
- anomalies of the iris rather than retinitis pigmentosa.
-
- Prader-Willi syndrome is also characterized by hypogonadism, obesity, and
- neurological and intellectual/behavioral abnormalities; it does not include
- blindness, however. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and Froelich syndrome
- similarly exhibit delayed sexual development and obesity, but not visual
- problems.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- In Laurence-Moon-Biedl Syndrome, the testes do not seem to respond to sex
- hormones; thus, stimulation with gonadotropic hormones does not seem to be a
- useful treatment. Abnormalities of the hands and feet may be corrected
- surgically if desired. Where blindness is not complete, visual aids may be
- useful. The appetite may be difficult to manage, but a strictly controlled
- diet helps reduce weight.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Researchers at the Cullen Eye Institute of the Baylor College of Medicine in
- Houston, Texas are studying inherited retinal diseases including Laurence-
- Moon-Biedl Syndrome. Families with at least two affected members and both
- parents living are needed to participate in this program. Other disorders
- being included in the study are Leber's Congenital Amaurosis, Usher Syndrome
- (Types I and II), Macular Degeneration and Polymorphic Macular Degeneration,
- and Rod Monochromacy (Complete Congenital Achromatopsia).
-
- Other inherited retinal disorders of interest include blue cone
- monochromacy (Congenital Incomplete X-linked Achromatopsia), Choroideremia,
- the Oculo-Cerebro-Renal Syndrome of Lowe, Hereditary X-linked cataracts, and
- other hereditary diseases with significant visual impact.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- May 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Laurence-Moon-Biedl Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Laurence-Moon-Biedl Support Network
- 76 Lincoln Ave.
- Purchase, NY 10577
- (914) 251-1163
-
- NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5133
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- For services to blind people, please contact:
-
- American Council of the Blind, Inc. (ACB)
- 1211 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 506
- Washington, DC 20036
- (202) 833-1251
- (800) 424-8666
-
- American Foundation for the Blind (AFB)
- 1010 Vermont Ave., NW, Suite 1100
- New York, NY 10011
- (202) 393-3666
-
- American Printing House for the Blind
- P.O. Box 6085
- Louisville, KY 40206-0085
- (502) 895-2405
-
- National Association for Parents of the Visually Impaired (NAPVI)
- 3329 Northaven Road
- Dallas, TX 75229
- (214) 358-1995
-
- National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped
- Library of Congress
- 1291 Taylor Street, NW
- Washington, DC 20542
- (202) 287-5100
-
- National Society to Prevent Blindness
- 79 Madison Avenue
- New York, NY 10016
- (212) 684-3505
-
- Vision Foundation, Inc.
- 2 Mount Auburn Street
- Watertown, MA 02172
- (617) 926-4232
- (800) 852-3029 (Toll-free in Mass.)
-
- References
-
- Bardet-Biedl syndrome and related disorders. Schachat, A.P. and Maumenee,
- I.H. Arch Ophthalmol 1982 Feb; 100(2):285-8.
-
- The Spectrum of Renal Disease in Laurence-Moon-Biedl Syndrome. J.D.
- Harnett, et al.; New England Journal of Medicine, (September 8, 1988, Vol.
- 319, (10)). Pp. 615-618).
-
-