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- $Unique_ID{BRK03870}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Ichthyosis, Keratosis Follicularis Spinulosa Decalvans}
- $Subject{Ichthyosis, Keratosis Follicularis Spinulosa Decalvans Disorder of
- Cornification 24 DOC 24 Siemens Syndrome Ichthyosis Ichthyosis Congenita
- X-Linked Ichthyosis Keratitis Ichthyosis Deafness Syndrome }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993 National Organization for Rare
- Disorders, Inc.
-
- 540:
- Ichthyosis, Keratosis Follicularis Spinulosa Decalvans
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of this article (Keratosis
- Follicularis Spinulosa Decalvans) is not the name you expected. Please check
- the SYNONYM list to find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions
- covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Disorder of Cornification 24
- DOC 24
- Siemens Syndrome
-
- Information on the following disorders can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Ichthyosis
- Ichthyosis Congenita
- X-Linked Ichthyosis
- Keratitis Ichthyosis Deafness Syndrome
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources" section
- of this report.
-
-
- Keratosis Follicularis Spinulosa Decalvans is a rare skin disorder. The
- disorder is characterized by hardening of the skin (keratosis) around the
- hair follicles, leading to progressive scarring and baldness (alopecia).
-
- Symptoms
-
- Keratosis Follicularis Spinulosa Decalvans is a form of Ichthyosis, a group
- of scaly skin disorders. It is characterized by hardening of the skin around
- the hair follicles. This usually leads to scarring and baldness. Allergic
- reactions (atopy), reduced tolerance of bright light (photophobia), and
- inflammation of the eye's cornea (keratitis) can also occur.
-
- Causes
-
- Keratosis Follicularis Spinulosa Decalvans is thought to be inherited as a
- sex-linked dominant trait. (Human traits, including the classic genetic
- diseases, are the product of the interaction of two genes for that condition,
- one received from the father and one from the mother. In dominant disorders
- a single copy of the disease gene (received from either the mother or father)
- will be expressed "dominating" the other normal gene and resulting in
- appearance of the disease. Sex-linked (X-linked) disorders are conditions
- which are coded on the X chromosome. Females have two X chromosomes, but
- males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. Therefore in females,
- disease traits on the X chromosome can be masked by the normal gene on the
- other X chromosome. Since males have only one X chromosome, if they inherit
- a gene for a disease present on the X, it will be expressed. Men with X-
- linked disorders transmit the gene to all their daughters, who are carriers,
- but never to their sons. Women who are carriers of an X-linked disorder have
- a 50 percent risk of transmitting the carrier condition to their daughters,
- and a 50 percent chance of transmitting the disease to their sons.) In the
- case of this disorder, carriers (females) have a milder form of the disorder
- than males.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Keratosis Follicularis Spinulosa Decalvans is a rare disorder affecting males
- more severely than females.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders may be similar to those of Keratosis
- Follicularis Spinulosa Decalvans. Comparisons can be useful for a
- differential diagnosis:
-
- "Ichthyosis" or "Disorders of Cornification" are general terms describing
- a group of scaly skin disorders. They are characterized by an abnormal
- accumulation of large amounts of dead skin cells (squames) in the top layer
- of the skin. The conversion of an abnormally large number of epidermal cells
- into squamous cells is thought to be caused by a defect in the metabolism of
- skin cells known as "corneocytes" or of the fat-rich matrix around these
- cells. The cells can be thought of as bricks, while the matrix would be the
- mortar holding these cells together. (See "Ichthyosis" in the Rare Disease
- Database.)
-
- Ichthyosis Congenita (Collodion Baby; Congenital Ichthyosiform
- Erythroderma; Xeroderma; Desquamation of Newborn) is an inherited skin
- disorder. It is characterized by generalized, abnormally red, dry and rough
- skin, with large, coarse scales. Itchiness (pruritus) usually also develops.
- Skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet is abnormally thick.
- (For more information, choose "Ichthyosis Congenita" as your search term in
- the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- X-Linked Ichthyosis is an inherited skin disorder affecting males, which
- is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme steroid sulfatase. This enzyme
- deficiency leads to biochemical alterations in steroid hormone metabolism.
- Cholesterol sulfate may accumulate in the blood and skin. (For more
- information, choose "X-Linked Ichthyosis" as your search term in the Rare
- Disease Database.)
-
- Keratitis Ichthyosis Deafness (KID) Syndrome is a very rare disorder,
- thought to be inherited. It is characterized by inflammation of the eye's
- cornea (keratitis), fixed hardened skin scales (plaques) on the extremities
- and face, thick hardened skin on the palms of the hands and the soles of the
- feet, and deafness. (For more information, choose "Keratitis" as your search
- term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Other forms of Ichthyosis include Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome, Netherton
- Syndrome, Ichthyosis Hystrix, Lamellar Ichthyosis, Refsum Syndrome, Darier
- Disease, Conradi-Hunermann Syndrome, Chanarin-Dorfman Syndrome, and
- Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis. (Choose the appropriate name as your search
- term for more information on that disorder in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Keratosis Follicularis Spinulosa Decalvans is treated by applying skin
- softening (emollient) ointments, preferably plain petroleum jelly. This can
- be especially effective after bathing while the skin is still moist.
- Salicylic acid gel is another particularly effective ointment. The skin
- should be covered at night with an airtight, waterproof dressing when this
- ointment is used. Lactate lotion can also be an effective treatment for this
- disorder.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Drugs derived from Vitamin A (retinoids) such as tretinoin, motretinide, and
- etretinate can be effective against symptoms of Ichthyosis, but can cause
- toxic effects on the bones in some cases. A synthetic derivative of Vitamin
- A, isotretinoin, when taken by pregnant women, can cause severe birth defects
- to the fetus. These Vitamin A compounds have not yet been approved by the
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of Ichthyosis.
-
- The National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases is
- looking for patients with various kinds of Ichthyosis willing to participate
- in research aimed at mapping the genes responsible for their disorder.
- Interested persons may contact:
-
- Dr. Sherri Bale
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 402-2679
-
- The orphan product Monolaurin (Glylorin) is being tested for treatment of
- Keratitis Follicularis Spinulosa Decalvans. The product is manufactured by:
-
- Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
- 371 Bel Marin Keys, Suite 210
- Novato, CA 94949
-
- This disease entry is based on medical information available through May
- 1993. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Keratosis Follicularis Spinulosa Decalvans, please
- contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Foundation for Ichthyosis and Related Skin Types, Inc. (F.I.R.S.T.)
- P.O. Box 20921
- Raleigh, NC 27619-0921
- (919) 782-5728
- (800) 545-3286
-
- The National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
- Information Clearinghouse
- Box AMS
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 495-4484
-
- For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
- contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- TRICHOSTASIS SPINULOSA: M.C. Young, et al.; Int Journal Dermatol (November
- 1985: issue 24(9)). Pp. 575-580.
-
- KERATOSIS SPINULOSA DECALVANS. REPORT OF TWO CASES AND LITERATURE
- REVIEW: Arch Dermatol (January 1983: issue 119(1)). Pp. 22-26.
-
- GENETICALLY TRANSMITTED, GENERALIZED DISORDERS OF CORNIFICATION. THE
- ICHTHYOSES: M.L. Williams, et al.; Dermatol Clin (January 1987: issue 5(1)).
- Pp. 155-178.
-
- THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF LACTATE 12% LOTION IN THE TREATMENT OF
- ICHTHYOSIS. ACTIVE VERSUS VEHICLE AND ACTIVE VERSUS A PETROLEUM CREAM: M.
- Buxman, et al.; Journal Am Acad Dermatol (December 1986: issue 15(6)). Pp.
- 1253-1258.
-
- THE METABOLIC BASIS OF INHERITED DISEASE, 5th ed.: John B. Stanbury, et
- al., eds.; McGraw Hill, 1983. Pp. 1027-1039.
-
-