home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- $Unique_ID{BRK03814}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Hepatitis, Neonatal}
- $Subject{Hepatitis Neonatal Giant Cell Hepatitis Congenital Liver Cirrhosis
- Giant Cell Cirrhosis of Newborn Giant Cell Disease }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 199:
- Hepatitis, Neonatal
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Neonatal Hepatitis) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Giant Cell Hepatitis
- Congenital Liver Cirrhosis
- Giant Cell Cirrhosis of Newborn
- Giant Cell Disease
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Neonatal Hepatitis is a disorder in which the bile ducts inside the liver
- are closed and liver cells are of varied size; some are giant cells with
- multiple nuclei.
-
- Symptoms
-
- In Neonatal Hepatitis, the absence of an opening of the bile ducts inside the
- liver causes jaundice (yellow color of the skin) because bile does not flow
- freely from the liver to the small intestine. Dark urine, pale stools and an
- enlarged liver are early signs of the disorder. Neonatal Hepatitis does not
- usually become apparent until two weeks after birth.
-
- By the age of two to three months, slow growth, irritability from
- pruritus (itchiness), and signs of portal hypertension (elevated pressure in
- the liver blood vessel system) may be present.
-
- Causes
-
- The cause of Neonatal Hepatitis is unknown in the majority of cases. It may
- be inherited by an autosomal recessive mechanism. (Human traits including
- the classic genetic diseases, are the product of the interaction of two genes
- for that condition, one received from the father and one from the mother. In
- recessive disorders, the condition does not appear unless a person inherits
- the same defective gene from each parent. If one receives one normal gene
- and one gene for the disease, the person will be a carrier for the disease,
- but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of transmitting the disease to
- the children of a couple, both of whom are carriers for a recessive disorder,
- is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of their children will be carriers,
- but healthy as described above. Twenty-five percent of their children will
- receive both normal genes, one from each parent and will be genetically
- normal.)
-
- Affected Population
-
- Infants of both sexes may be affected by Neonatal Hepatitis.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- The bile ducts inside the liver are underdeveloped in Neonatal Hepatitis or
- Giant Cell Hepatitis, while the bile duct outside the liver is closed in
- Biliary Atresia. The symptoms of these two diseases are similar.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Diagnosis of Neonatal Hepatitis is done by surgically opening the abdomen and
- obtaining an X-ray of the bile ducts using an opaque dye. An open liver
- biopsy also can be performed. Both should be done by age three months or
- younger. Treatment consists of surgically repairing closed bile ducts, which
- is successful only in 5 to 10% of cases. In the remainder, the Kasai
- procedure (portoenterostomy) can be done to surgically make a connection
- between the main bile duct and the duodenum (first part of the small
- intestine). The majority of patients with Neonatal Hepatitis will
- reestablish bile flow with these procedures.
-
- Cholestyramine, which binds bile salts in the intestine, can be
- administered to relieve itchiness.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- January 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Neonatal Hepatitis, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- The National Adrenal Diseases Foundation
- 505 Northern Blvd., Suite 200
- Great Neck, NY 11021
- (516) 487-4992
-
- American Liver Foundation
- 998 Pompton Avenue
- Cedar Grove, NJ 07009
- (201) 857-2626
- (800) 223-0179
-
- The United Liver Foundation
- 11646 West Pico Blvd.
- Los Angeles, CA 90064
- (213) 445-4204 or 445-4200
-
- Children's Liver Foundation
- 14245 Ventura Blvd.
- Sherman Oaks, CA 91423
- (818) 906-3021
-
- National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse
- Box NdDIC
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 468-6344
-
- References
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL 15th ed: R. Berkow, et al: eds; Merck, Sharp & Dohme
- Research Laboratories, 1987. Pp. 1913, 1943.
-
-