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- $Unique_ID{BRK03774}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Glucose-Galactose Malabsorption}
- $Subject{Glucose-Galactose Malabsorption Carbohydrate Intolerance Complex
- Carbohydrate Intolerance Irritable Bowel Syndrome Lactose Intolerance Crohn's
- Disease Galactosemia}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 749:
- Glucose-Galactose Malabsorption
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Glucose-Galactose
- Malabsorption) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM
- listing to find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this
- article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Carbohydrate Intolerance
- Complex Carbohydrate Intolerance
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome
- Lactose Intolerance
- Crohn's Disease
- Galactosemia
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Glucose-Galactose Malabsorption (carbohydrate intolerance) is a genetic
- disorder characterized by the small intestine's inability to transport and
- absorb glucose and galactose (sugars which can be broken down no further, or
- monosaccharides). Glucose and galactose have almost identical chemical
- structures, and normally the same transport enzyme provides them with entry
- into specialized cells in the small intestine where they are absorbed and
- transferred to other cells. At the present time, this transport enzyme has
- not been identified. However it is known to be defective in individuals with
- glucose-galactose malabsorption.
-
- The glucose and galactose which have not been absorbed through the
- specialized cells of the small intestine are then poorly absorbed much
- further along in the intestine. This abnormal absorption may interfere with
- other intestinal absorption processes.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Symptoms of glucose-galactose malabsorption in children may include diarrhea,
- dehydration and failure to gain weight. There may also be sugar in the stool
- after eating any dietary carbohydrate, as all carbohydrates contain either
- glucose or galactose. There is usually no rise in blood sugar after eating.
- If untreated, a child may eventually show severe malnutrition or dehydration.
-
- In adults, symptoms of glucose-galactose malabsorption may include
- bloating, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, rumbling sounds caused by gas
- in the intestine (borborygmi) and excessive urination.
-
- Causes
-
- Glucose-galactose malabsorption is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.
- Human traits, including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of the
- interaction of two genes, one received from the father and one from the
- mother. In recessive disorders, the condition does not appear unless a
- person inherits the same defective gene for the same trait from each parent.
- If one receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will
- be a carrier for the disease, but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of
- transmitting the disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are
- carriers for a recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of
- their children will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five
- percent of their children will receive both normal genes, one from each
- parent, and will be genetically normal.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Glucose-galactose malabsorption is an extremely rare disorder. There are no
- statistics available on whether it affects males or females more frequently,
- nor whether certain ethnic groups are affected more often than others.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of glucose-
- galactose malabsorption. Comparisons may be useful for a differential
- diagnosis:
-
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome, also called spastic colon, is a disorder
- involving the muscles of the small intestine, which fail to ingest food at
- the proper rate. Overly rapid ingestion of food results in diarrhea, and
- slow ingestion results in constipation. Symptoms include abdominal pain,
- erratic bowel movements, variation in stool consistency, bloating,
- flatulence, nausea, headache, fatigue, depression, anxiety and difficulty
- concentrating. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Irritable
- Bowel Syndrome" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Lactose Intolerance is a disorder characterized by a lack of the enzyme
- lactase which normally breaks down the sugar in milk known as lactose, into
- simpler sugars. The unabsorbed lactose remains in the intestine, causing
- symptoms of diarrhea, bloating, cramping pain, nausea and flatulence. People
- with this disorder must avoid milk and milk products, but can eat other
- carbohydrates. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Lactose
- Intolerance" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Crohn's Disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder which affects the
- large intestine. Symptoms may include chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain,
- fever and weight loss. (For more information on this disorder, choose
- "Crohn's Disease" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Galactosemia is an inherited disorder involving the conversion of
- galactose to glucose. Symptoms in children may include vomiting, lack of
- appetite, jaundice and neurological problems. (For more information on this
- disorder, choose "Galactosemia" as your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of glucose-galactose malabsorption requires the elimination of all
- dietary carbohydrates, including milk and milk products which contain the
- sugar lactose. Lactose is broken down further into glucose and galactose.
- Fructose, which is a sugar absorbed differently than either glucose or
- galactose, may be substituted as a source of carbohydrate calories. Some
- patients will tolerate the sugar sucrose since it is partially composed of
- the easily absorbed fructose.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- January 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Glucose-Galactose Malabsorption, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse
- Box NDIC
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 468-2162
-
- For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 8th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
- University Press, 1986. Pp. 957.
-
- THE METABOLIC BASIS OF INHERITED DISEASE, 5th Ed.: John B. Stanbury, et
- al., eds.; McGraw Hill, 1983. Pp. 1729-1740.
-
- INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown
- and Co., 1987. Pp. 140, 880.
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL, Volume 1, 14th Ed.: Robert Berkow, M.D., ed.-in-chief;
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Laboratories, 1982. Pp. 796-797.
-
- GLUCOSE-GALACTOSE MALABSORPTION: DEMONSTRATION OF SPECIFIC JEJUNAL BRUSH
- MEMBRANE DEFECT. I.W. Booth et al.; GUT (December, 1988; issue 29(12): Pp.
- 1661-1665.)
-
- COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATE INTOLERANCE: DIAGNOSTIC PITFALLS AND APPROACH TO
- MANAGEMENT. J.D. Loyd-Still et al.; J PEDIATR (May, 1988: issue 112(5): Pp.
- 709-713.)
-
-