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- $Unique_ID{BRK03742}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Fibromyalgia}
- $Subject{Fibromyalgia Fibromyositis Fibrositis Muscular Rheumatism
- Musculoskeletal Pain Syndrome Nonarticular Rheumatism Periarticular Fibrositis
- Rheumatoid Myositis Tension Myalgia Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Polymyalgia
- Rheumatica Polymyositis Rheumatoid Arthritis Sjogren Syndrome
- Temporomandibular Dysfunction}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1991 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 266:
- Fibromyalgia
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Fibromyalgia) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the
- alternate name and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Fibromyositis
- Fibrositis
- Muscular Rheumatism
- Musculoskeletal Pain Syndrome
- Nonarticular Rheumatism
- Periarticular Fibrositis
- Rheumatoid Myositis
- Tension Myalgia
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
- Polymyalgia Rheumatica
- Polymyositis
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Sjogren Syndrome
- Temporomandibular Dysfunction
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The Information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder characterized by pain throughout much of
- the body. The pain may begin gradually or have a sudden onset. Other
- symptoms are muscle spasms, fatigue, muscle tissue stiffness and
- non-restorative (unrefreshing) sleep. The exact cause of this disorder is
- unknown.
-
- The terms Fibrositis, Fibromyositis, Periarticular Fibrositis and
- Rheumatoid Myositis are still being used by many to describe this condition.
- The ending of "itis" on each of these terms is actually incorrect. "Itis"
- means inflammation, and there is no inflammation in Fibromyalgia. The term
- Fibromyalgia has now become the accepted term, but many people continue to be
- diagnosed with the other synonyms. Tension Myalgia is another synonym that
- is currently being used.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Patients with Fibromyalgia may have a gradual or sudden onset of symptoms.
- The major symptom of this disorder is muscular pain. Areas which are
- frequently affected may include muscles in the back of the neck and
- shoulders, in the low back, the sides of the breast bone, and the bony points
- of the elbows, hips and knees. In addition, small specific areas called
- tender points, which are painful when pressure is applied, will be found by
- an examining physician.
-
- Other symptoms found in most patients with Fibromyalgia are: muscle
- spasms, fatigue, muscle stiffness and non-restorative (unrefreshing) sleep.
-
- Some patients with fibromyalgia may have chest pain, painful menstrual
- periods, difficulty concentrating, headaches, painful and/or frequent
- urination, diarrhea, constipation, numbness, dryness in the eyes and mouth,
- dizziness, swelling of a tendon (tendinitis), swelling of the connective
- tissue structure surrounding a joint (bursitis), depression and/or anxiety.
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of Fibromyalgia is not known. Researchers are studying
- serotonin, a chemical in the brain (neurotransmitter), to see if there is a
- disturbance in the messages sent between various parts of the central nervous
- system in people with Fibromyalgia. An imbalance of serotonin could have a
- hand in the increase of pain, depression and unrefreshing sleep associated
- with Fibromyalgia.
-
- Muscle tissue, hormonal and immunological influences, as well as the
- possibility of a virus triggering the disorder are all being investigated by
- researchers.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Fibromyalgia is diagnosed more frequently in females than in males. The
- majority of patients with this disorder will develop symptoms between the
- ages of 20 and 50 years.
-
- Fibromyalgia may also develop in children and teenagers, often being
- misdiagnosed as "growing pains".
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Fibromyalgia.
- Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Chronic Fatigue Syndrome is a controversial disorder that is characterized by
- extreme fatigue that occurs after the abrupt onset of a flu-like illness.
- Symptoms may include muscle aches, a low grade fever, sore throat or swollen
- glands. The fatigue must persist for at least six months and must
- significantly limit daily activity. (For more information on this disorder,
- choose "Chronic Fatigue" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Polymyalgia Rheumatica is a disorder characterized by pain and stiffness
- in certain muscle groups without causing permanent weakness or atrophy. The
- major symptoms of this disorder are pain and stiffness in the neck,
- shoulders, upper arms, lower back, hips and thighs. The symptoms often
- appear suddenly and the stiffness is most severe in the morning. The pain of
- PMR is felt on both sides of the body. Fever, lack of appetite, fatigue,
- weight loss and depression may also be present. (For more information on
- this disorder, choose "Polymyalgia" as your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database).
-
- Polymyositis is a systemic connective tissue disorder characterized by
- inflammatory and degenerative changes in the muscles, leading to weakness
- and some degree of muscle atrophy. The areas principally affected are the
- hip, shoulders, arms, pharynx and neck. Other symptoms of Polymyositis may
- include fever, weight loss and occasional pain or tenderness in muscles or
- joints. The exact cause of this disorder is not known. (For more
- information on this disorder, choose "Polymyositis" as your search term in
- the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Rheumatoid Arthritis is an inflammatory autoimmune disease in which the
- body's natural defenses against foreign agents (antibodies & lymphocytes)
- attack healthy joints. This disorder is characterized by a lack of appetite,
- fatigue, painful and deformed joints, early morning stiffness chiefly in the
- hands, knees, feet, jaw and spine. (For more information on this disorder,
- choose "Arthritis" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Sjogren Syndrome is a degeneration of the mucous secreting glands,
- particularly the tear and saliva glands. It is sometimes associated with
- arthritis. There is often a gritty, burning sensation in the eyes due to the
- loss of lubrication. When the mouth becomes dry, chewing and swallowing food
- is difficult. The lack of saliva causes particles of food to stick to the
- cheeks, gums and throat. Other symptoms of Sjogren Syndrome include a weak
- voice, dental decay, sensitivity of the eyes to the light, swelling of the
- salivary glands, and dryness of the nose, skin and vagina. Fibromyalgia may
- occur in conjunction with Sjogren's Syndrome. (For more information on this
- disorder choose "Sjogren" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction (TMJ) is a painful disorder of the
- jaw joint which is made worse during or after eating or yawning. This
- disorder may cause limited jaw movement and clicks and pops during chewing.
- In severe cases pain may radiate into the neck, shoulders and back, mimicking
- the pain of Fibromyalgia. (For more information on this disorder choose
- "Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction" as your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Fibromyalgia may be treated with low doses of tricyclic antidepressant
- medications. Amitriptyline (Elavil) and Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril), which
- are prescribed as muscle relaxants, may be helpful. They may also help
- patients who suffer from unrefreshing (non-restorative) sleep. The tricyclic
- antidepressant amitriptyline (Elavil) can also be used to help patients with
- this disorder who have depression. When Elavil is used for this reason it is
- given at higher dosages.
-
- Some patients receive temporary help with such things as stretching
- exercises, deep heat treatments, warm showers and baths, whirlpool baths and
- hot tubs, heating pads, massages, ice packs, acupuncture, biofeedback and/or
- aerobic exercise.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- The antidepressant fluoxetine (Prozac) is currently being studied as a
- treatment for patients with Fibromyalgia. Prozac does not cause drowsiness
- like other antidepressants. More research is needed to determine long-term
- safety and effectiveness of Prozac for this disorder.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- October 1991. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Fibromyalgia, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Fibromyalgia Association of Central Ohio
- Riverside Methodist Hospitals
- North Medical Bldg., Suite 8
- 3545 Olentangy River Road
- Columbus, Ohio 43214
- (614) 262-2000
-
- Arthritis Foundation
- 1413 Spring Street, N.W.
- Atlanta, GA 30309
- (404) 872-7100
-
- The National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Information
- Clearinghouse
- Box AMS
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 495-4484
-
- Ontario Fibromyalgia Assoc.
- 250 Bloor St., East, Suite 901
- Toronto, Ontario, M4W 3P2
-
- References
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 19th Ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Editors; W.B. Saunders Co., 1990. P. 2048.
-
- Fibromyalgia: Mary Anne Saathoff BSN, Fibromyalgia Association of Central
- Ohio (1991).
-
-