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- $Unique_ID{BRK03699}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome}
- $Subject{Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome Chondroectodermal Dysplasia Mesoectodermal
- Dysplasia Ectodermal Dysplasias}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1992 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 902:
- Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Ellis-Van Creveld
- Syndrome) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to
- find the alternate name and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Chondroectodermal Dysplasia
- Mesoectodermal Dysplasia
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Ectodermal Dysplasias
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The Information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by
- short limb dwarfism, additional fingers and/or toes (polydactyly), abnormal
- development of fingernails and, in over half of the cases, congenital heart
- defects. This disorder is inherited through an autosomal recessive trait.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Patients with Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome typically have arrested growth of
- the long bones and a condition of stocky dwarfism. The arms and legs are
- abnormally short while the head and trunk are normal. Extra fingers
- (polydactyly) are present in all patients with Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome.
- Underdeveloped fingernails, a partial cleft lip, teeth at birth that erupt
- and shed very early, knock-knees and abnormalities of the bones in the wrist
- are all features of this disorder.
-
- More than fifty percent of the patients with Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome
- are born with malformations of the heart. In the majority of cases there is
- an abnormal opening in the wall between the two upper heart chambers (atrial
- septal defect). A small number of patients with this disorder are born with
- one of the chambers of the heart missing.
-
- Other features that have been found in a few patients with Ellis-Van
- Creveld Syndrome are:
-
- Dandy-Walker Malformation - a hereditary disorder characterized by
- developmental malformations caused by cysts on the fourth ventricle in the
- brain. Cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in this ventricle causing the head to
- become enlarged (hydrocephalus) due to excessive pressure. (For more
- information on this disorder choose "Dandy-Walker" as your search term in the
- Rare Disease Database).
-
- Epispadias - a birth defect in boys in which the urine canal opens on the
- underside of the penis.
-
- Cryptorchidism - failure of one or both of the testicles to move down
- into the scrotum.
-
- Talipes Equinovarus - a condition in which the front half of the foot
- turns in and down (clubfoot).
-
- Mental retardation, scant or fine hair and/or failure of a kidney to
- develop (renal agenesis).
-
- Causes
-
- Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome is inherited through an autosomal recessive trait.
- Human traits, including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of the
- interaction of two genes, one received from the father and one from the
- mother. In recessive disorders, the condition does not appear unless a
- person inherits the same defective gene for the same trait from each parent.
- If one receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will
- be a carrier for the disease, but usually will not show symptoms. The risk
- of transmitting the disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are
- carriers for a recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of
- their children will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five
- percent of their children will receive both normal genes, one from each
- parent, and will be genetically normal.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome affects males and females in equal numbers.
-
- More than 100 cases of Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome have been found among
- the Old Order Amish in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.
-
- Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome has been reported in many other ethnic groups
- but is very rare.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorder can be similar to those of Ellis-Van
- Creveld Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Ectodermal Dysplasias are a group of hereditary, nonprogressive syndromes
- in which the affected tissue derives primarily from ectodermal germ layer.
- Symptoms of this disorder include eczema, poorly functioning sweat glands,
- sparse or absent hair follicles, abnormal hair, disfigured nails, and
- difficulties with the nasal passages and ear canals. Skin is satiny smooth,
- prone to rashes, and slow to heal. Commonly, the teeth fail to develop
- properly. Other complications may include hearing deficit, loss of sight,
- mental retardation, limb abnormalities, cleft palate and lip, and urinary
- tract anomalies. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Ectodermal
- Dysplasias" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome is directed at symptoms. Surgery may
- be used to correct the knock-knees (genu valgum), partial cleft palate, and
- the extra digits on the hands and/or feet.
-
- Patients with the atrial septal defect may have surgery to close the hole
- in the wall between the two upper heart chambers.
-
- Treatment for patients with Dandy-Walker Syndrome consists of surgically
- performing combined shunt procedures to the posterior ridge cyst and the
- lateral ventricles, draining excess fluid from the inside of the brain.
-
- Patients with mental retardation may benefit from special education.
-
-
- Genetic counseling may be of benefit for patients and their families.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Research on birth defects and their causes is ongoing. The National
- Institutes of Health (NIH) is sponsoring the Human Genome Project which is
- aimed at mapping every gene in the human body and learning why they sometimes
- malfunction. It is hoped that this new knowledge will lead to prevention and
- treatment of birth defects in the future.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- April 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- The Magic Foundation
- 1327 N. Harlem Ave.
- Oak Park, IL 60302
- (708) 383-0808
-
- Human Growth Foundation
- 7777 Leesburg Pike
- P.O. Box 3090
- Falls Church, VA 22043
- (703) 883-1773
- (800) 451-6434
-
- NIH/National Institute of Health and Human Development
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301 496-5133
-
- Parents of Dwarfed Children
- 11524 Colt Terr.
- Silver Spring, MD 20902
-
- For Genetic Information and Genetic Counseling Referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 9th Ed.: Victor A. McKusick, Editor: Johns
- Hopkins University Press, 1990. Pp. 1161-62.
-
- SMITH'S RECOGNIZABLE PATTERNS OF HUMAN MALFORMATION, 4th Ed.: Kenneth L.
- Jones, M.D., Editor; W.B. Saunders Co., 1988. Pp. 324.
-
- BIRTH DEFECTS ENCYCLOPEDIA, Mary Louise Buyse, M.D., Editor-In-Chief;
- Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1990. Pp. 322-23.
-
- ELLIS-VAN CREVELD SYNDROME: REPORT OF 15 CASES IN AN INBRED KINDRED:
- E.O. da Silva, et al.; J Med Genet (October 1980, issue 17(5)). Pp. 349-56.
-
- BRIEF CLINICAL REPORT: CONDROECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA (ELLIS-VAN CREVELD)
- WITH ANOMALIES OF CNS AND URINARY TRACT: S. Rosemberg, et al.; Am J Med
- Genet (June 1983, issue 15(2)). Pp. 291-5.
-
- DANDY-WALKER MALFORMATION IN ELLIS-VAN CREVELD SYNDROME: K.M. Zangwill,
- et al.; Am J Med Genet (September 1988, issue 31(1)). Pp. 123-9.
-
-