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- $Unique_ID{BRK03606}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Ciguatera Fish Poisoning}
- $Subject{Ciguatera Fish Poisoning Ichthyosarcotoxism Ciguatera Poisoning Fish
- Poisoning Tetraodon Poisoning Scombroid Poisoning}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 202:
- Ciguatera Fish Poisoning
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Ciguatera Fish Poisoning)
- is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Ichthyosarcotoxism
- Ciguatera Poisoning
- Fish Poisoning including Tetraodon Poisoning and Scombroid Poisoning
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Ciguatera Fish Poisoning is a form of poisoning (ichthyosarcotoxism),
- marked by gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms due to ingestion of fish
- that store a toxin in their tissues. This toxin occurs in more than 400
- species of fish found in the tropical reefs of Florida, the West Indies, and
- the Pacific. The disorder has been occurring more frequently in the United
- States during the past few years.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Ciguatera Fish Poisoning is characterized by itching, and tingling of the
- lips, tongue, hands, and feet. Other symptoms that may occur during the
- first 6-17 hours are numbness, reversal of temperature sensations, abdominal
- cramps, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Wheezing, weakness, pains in the
- muscles (myalgia) and joints (arthralgia) may be present. The patient may
- also experience restlessness, apprehension, headache, dizziness, malaise, and
- chills. For months after eating the poisonous fish, unusual sensory
- phenomena may keep a person from performing daily tasks.
-
- Causes
-
- Ciguatera Fish Poisoning is caused by eating certain tropical fish (i.e., sea
- bass, grouper, barracuda and snapper) which contain the toxin molecular
- phosphatidase. Toxicity is usually greater in older, larger fish. More than
- one toxin may possibly result in the disorder. A marine protozoan
- (dinoflagellate) which is eaten by these fish may supply the toxin which
- accumulates in the marine animal's flesh. The toxin does not disappear with
- cooking of the fish.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Anyone eating fish containing the toxin can get Ciguatera Fish Poisoning.
- Cooking the fish does not eradicate the toxin.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms similar to Ciguatera Fish Poisoning are found in Tetraodon
- Poisoning. This toxin is present in puffer fish and is caused by the
- tetraodon toxin. Scombroid Poisoning from mackerel, tuna, bonito, or albacore
- fish is due to bacterial decomposition (breakdown by bacteria) after the fish
- has been caught. It results in facial flushing, gastrointestinal symptoms,
- and a burning itch with blisters (urticaria) within a few minutes after
- eating an affected fish.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Unless violent vomiting or diarrhea has occurred, Ciguatera Fish Poisoning is
- usually treated by immediately pumping out the stomach (gastric lavage). An
- emetic or ipecac syrup to induce vomiting may be used. Apomorphine may also
- be prescribed. A saline cathartic (e.g., sodium sulfate) may be required.
- If nausea and vomiting persist, fluids containing salts and dextrose should
- be prescribed for parenteral injection to fight dehydration and acid-base
- imbalance. Dextran (a polysaccharide), Normal Human Serum Albumin, or blood
- transfusion may be necessary if shock threatens. Meperidine can be given for
- pain.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- September 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Ciguatera Fish Poisoning, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
- 1600 Clifton Road, NE
- Atlanta, GA 30333
- (404) 639-3534
-
- For immediate help, contact the local poison control center listed in
- your telephone book.
-
- References
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 18th ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Eds.: W. B. Saunders Co., 1988. P. 786.
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL 15th ed: R. Berkow, et al: eds; Merck, Sharp & Dohme
- Research Laboratories, 1987. P. 787.
-
-