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- $Unique_ID{BRK03590}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Chiari-Frommel Syndrome}
- $Subject{Chiari-Frommel Syndrome Lactation with Atrophy of Uterus
- Lactation-Uterus Atrophy Chiari's I Syndrome Frommel-Chiari Syndrome}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 146:
- Chiari-Frommel Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Chiari-Frommel
- Syndrome) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to
- find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Lactation with Atrophy of Uterus
- Lactation-Uterus Atrophy
- Chiari's I Syndrome
- Frommel-Chiari Syndrome
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section.
-
-
- Chiari-Frommel Syndrome is an endocrine disorder in which lactation
- (discharge of milk) and absence of ovulation and menstruation persists for an
- unusually long time after childbirth. It is thought to result from an
- abnormality in the pituitary gland or the hypothalamic region of the brain.
- Spontaneous recovery sometimes occurs.
-
- Symptoms
-
- After a normal pregnancy and childbirth, with an uneventful period of
- lactation, the woman affected with Chiari-Frommel Syndrome finds that her
- menses fail to resume and that there is a persistent discharge from her
- nipples. This may be light or heavy, and continue for months to years.
- Headache, backache, abdominal pain, depression or extreme moodiness, and
- constriction of the visual fields may occur. Some affected women may become
- obese.
-
- The uterus shrinks in size due to the absence of normal hormonal cycles.
- Laboratory tests reveal persistently high levels of prolactin (the hormone
- which stimulates milk production after childbirth), high levels of Luteinizing
- Hormone, and low levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (involved in the
- ovulatory cycle).
-
- Causes
-
- The exact causes of Chiari-Frommel Syndrome are not known, although the
- disease clearly represents some abnormality of the hypothalamic-pituitary
- axis. This system consists of the endocrine gland known as the anterior
- pituitary, which produces the hormones, mentioned above, and a small region
- of the brain called the hypothalamus, which regulates the secretions of the
- pituitary gland.
-
- Most cases of Chiari-Frommel Syndrome appear to result from pituitary
- tumors. Tiny lesions in the hypothalamus may be involved occasionally. Oral
- contraceptives may also be associated with this disorder.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Other syndromes in which there is excessive milk production (galactorrhea)
- and absence of menstruation (amenorrhea) include Ahumada-del Castillo
- Syndrome and Forbes-Albright Syndrome. The former of these occurs without
- pregnancy, for unknown reasons; the latter results specifically from a tumor
- in the pituitary gland. (For more information on these disorders, choose
- "Ahumada" and "Forbes-Albright" as your search terms in the Rare Disease
- Database.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Chiari-Frommel Syndrome may be difficult to treat if very small pituitary
- tumors are responsible for the disorder. Larger tumors may often be removed
- surgically. In many cases, prolactin levels can be reduced, and ovulatory
- cycles restored, with bromocriptine.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through June
- 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Chiari-Frommel Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHHD)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5133
-
- References
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL 15th ed: R. Berkow, et al: eds; Merck, Sharp & Dohme
- Research Laboratories, 1987. P. 1029.
-
-